Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

Download Full-text

Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.v3i12020.135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 212-216

Author(s):

C John ◽

R Adah ◽

R Caleb ◽

S Okolo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Health Concern ◽

Older Children ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

Download Full-text

Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/3i1.2020135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 212-216

Author(s):

C John ◽

R Adah ◽

R Caleb ◽

S Okolo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Health Concern ◽

Older Children ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

Download Full-text

Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children below Six Months Old in Jos North Central Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.v3.i1.2020.135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 212-216

Author(s):

C John ◽

R Adah ◽

R Caleb ◽

S Okolo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Health Concern ◽

Older Children ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Data

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in infants of less than 6 months of age (U6m) is a serious public health concern globally, especially with declined rates of exclusive breastfeeding. With challenges in the use of the standard anthropometric parameters and higher mortality in these infants than in older children, it is pertinent to document the burden, pattern and risk factors for SAM in U6m. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SAM in U6m, the pattern and the determinants of malnutrition using weight-for-length (WFL) Z score and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and also to determine the usability of MUAC and WFL in detection of SAM in U6m. Infants six weeks to <6months were recruited. Socio-demographic and nutritional data were collected using researcher administered questionnaire. WFL z scores <-3 and MUAC <11.5cm were used to define SAM. Of the 233 infants aged<6months, mean age was 90.0±38.3days. Females accounted for 52.8%. Nineteen, (8.5%), were born with low birth weight and 11.7% were preterm deliveries. Males had higher mean length for age and weight for age than females but MUAC showed no significant difference. The prevalence of SAM was 2.6% by MUAC and WFL parameters but MUAC identified more SAM subjects in those <3months while WFL identified more in older children. Concordance between MUAC and WFL was poor. Both MUAC and WFL showed more female children than males with MAM. Lower social economic status was significantly associated with SAM while birth weight, birth order, maternal nutritional status and time of first feed did not affect prevalence of SAM in any of the parameters. It is recommended that both WFL and MUAC be employed in the screening of acute malnutrition in this U6m.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in ICDS block of rural Hubli, Karnataka, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 515

Author(s):

Shivanand Illalu ◽

Naveen Kumar P. ◽

Vinod H. Ratageri ◽

Prakash K. Wari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Capita Income ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Age Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Per Capita

Background: Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five years in developing countries. Despite economic growth of nearly 10% per annum, in India in 2006 the NFHS-3 indicated that 6.4% of children below 60 months of age were suffering from severe acute malnutrition. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence and the risk factors associated with SAM in ICDS block of rural Hubli.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational community based study conducted in the ICDS block of rural Hubli. All children in the age group of 0- 59 months were included in the study. The study is conducted by the department and it is self-funded by the authors, no monetary benefit either from the institute or from the government or its organization.Results: Among 1796 children who were examined in present study, the prevalence of SAM children was 5.79% (104 children). 48% were in the age group of 37 months to 59 months. Male: female ratio was 2:3. 51% of the mothers and 47.1% of fathers were illiterate. 82.7% of the parents had per capita income belonged to class 5 of the modified B.G. Prasad classification. 60% of the SAM children were seen in families who had 3 or 4 children. Maternal anemia, IUGR and PIH were seen in 53.6%, 21.6% and 18% respectively. Low birth weight (<2.5kg) and Birth asphyxia were seen in 80.6% and 11.1%.Conclusions: The risk factors for SAM were illiteracy, low per capita income, high order births, maternal anemia, IUGR, PIH, low birth weight and Birth asphyxia. Due emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge and practices of the parents on appropriate infant and young child feeding practices.

Download Full-text

Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Hierarchical Analysis of Associated Risk Factors

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3466988 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adeniyi Fagbamigbe ◽

Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala ◽

Olalekan Uthman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Hierarchical Analysis ◽

Middle Income ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Low And Middle Income

Download Full-text

Outcome of nutritional intervention measures at a nutrition rehabilitation centre in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184782 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5150

Author(s):

Deepthi Pagali ◽

Suneetha Bollipo ◽

Harsha B. Korrapolu ◽

Mohammed Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

High Rate ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Rehabilitation Centre ◽

District Health ◽

Target Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutrition Rehabilitation

Background: Nutrition rehabilitation centre (NRC) is a unit in a district health facility, where children with severe acute malnutrition are admitted and provided with nutritional and therapeutic care.Methods: Analysis of nutritional data of all the children admitted to NRC at Krishna district from January 2017 to July 2018. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.Results: A total of 200 children were included in the study. The overall mean weight at admission was found to be 8.30 kg with a standard deviation of 2.35 kg and the mean weight at the time of discharge is 9.57 kg with a standard deviation of 2.61 kg. There is a statistically significant difference in weight and mid arm circumference at admission and discharge. Mean duration of hospital stay is around 18.67±5.4 days. Target weight is achieved in 71% of the study group.Conclusions: Present study reflects that NRCs have been playing a key role to cope up with the problem of severe acute malnutrition as demonstrated by a high rate of weight gain at discharge as well as during follow ups.

Download Full-text

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia in Young Bangladeshi Children

Life ◽

10.3390/life11101030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1030

Author(s):

Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid ◽

Tahmina Alam ◽

Lubaba Shahrin ◽

K. M. Shahunja ◽

Md. Tanveer Faruk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Persistent Diarrhea ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Acquired

Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is common and often associated with high mortality in children aged five or less. We sought to evaluate the risk factors and outcome of HAP in such children. We compared demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in children <5 years using a case control design during the period of August 2013 and December 2017, where children with HAP were constituted as cases (n = 281) and twice as many randomly selected children without HAP were constituted as controls (n = 562). HAP was defined as a child developing a new episode of pneumonia both clinically and radiologically after at least 48 h of hospitalization. A total of 4101 children were treated during the study period. The mortality was significantly higher among the cases than the controls (8% vs. 4%, p = 0.014). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that persistent diarrhea (95% CI = 1.32–5.79; p = 0.007), severe acute malnutrition (95% CI = 1.46–3.27; p < 0.001), bacteremia (95% CI = 1.16–3.49; p = 0.013), and prolonged hospitalization of >5 days (95% CI = 3.01–8.02; p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for HAP. Early identification of these risk factors and their prompt management may help to reduce HAP-related fatal consequences, especially in resource limited settings.

Download Full-text

Correlation of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with anthropometric parameters in newborns

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1210595p ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 140 (9-10) ◽

pp. 595-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Snezana Palcevska-Kocevska ◽

Natasa Aluloska ◽

Marija Krstevska ◽

Elena Shukarova-Angelovska ◽

Ljiljana Kojik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neonatal Growth ◽

Singleton Pregnancies

Introduction. It has been shown that some adipocytokines and their mutual relationship can be indicators of fetal and neonatal growth. Physiological role of leptin and adiponectin in fetal and neonatal growth is not well established. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the anthropometrics parameters and serum concentration of leptin and adiponectin levels in healthy newborns. Methods. A cohort of 110 neonates, born after uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term, were classified as AGA (n=60), SGA (n=30) and LGA (n=20) according to the Lubchenco curves. Anthropometric parameters of the neonates: birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), body weight/body length ratio (BW/ BL), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were recorded after birth. Results. Mean serum leptin and adiponectin levels in both sexes were not significantly different (male: 1.85?0.75; 29.51?22.89 and female: 2.06?0.99; 31.60?23.51 ng/mL). There was a significant difference between leptin levels in AGA and LGA newborns (1.93?0.84 vs. 3.12?1.50 ng/mL) (p<0.05), and in adiponectin levels between AGA and LGA compared to SGA newborns (32.8?23.29 and 43.40?31.24 vs. 12.67?2.43 ng/mL, respectivel; p<0.05; p<0.05). Leptin and adiponectin levels were positively correlated with BW (r=0.63 and r=0.41), BL (r=0.63, r=0.42), BW/BL (r=0.61, r=0.41), BMI (r=0.54, r=0.35), and PI (r=0.47, r=0.29, (p<0.01). Conclusion. Significantly higher adiponectin levels were found in AGA neonates compared to SGA neonates. Leptin and adiponectine levels were positively correlated with birth weight. These findings suggest that these adipocytokines may be involved in fetal growth regulation.

Download Full-text