scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastro- intestinal Parasites of Sheep slaugtered at Keffi Abattoir, Nasarawa Sate, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
MM Abdullahi ◽  
MS Okaku ◽  
JD Tongjura ◽  
ZR Sani
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
West African ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Good Management Practice ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Fasciola Spp

This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep slaughtered in Keffi main abattoir conducted from June to July 2019. One hundred and fifty (150) fecal samples comprising of 60 Yankasa, 18 West African dwarf (WAD), 33 Balami and 39 Uda breed were collected from the abattoir. The samples were taken to the Laboratory to examine the intestinal helminthes eggs and protozoan oocysts using sodium chloride floatation and sedimentation techniques. Out of 150 samples examined, 84(56.0%) had gastrointestinal parasites. The Yankasa breed had the highest prevalence of 32(38.1%), while the WAD breed had the lowest prevalence of 12(14.3%). Female had the highest prevalence of 54(64.3) than male which have 30(35.7%). Young sheep had the highest prevalence of 52(61.9%) than adults which had prevalence of 32(38.1%) respectively. The gastrointestinal parasites encountered were Strongyles edentates sp., Coccidian spp., Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongyles spp and Fasciola spp. Trichostrongyles spp., had the highest prevalence of 23(27.3%) while coccidian had the lowest prevalence of 4(4.7%). Chi-square statistical analysis revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) among the breed, age, and sex of the sheep. The result of the study shows that high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among the sheep breed, therefore with good management practice, prompt diagnosis, treatment with antihelminthes drugs and mass education of farmers on the importance of hygiene and sanitation will reduce the risk of the disease and increase productivity.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN WESTERN IRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Kheirandish ◽  
Mohammad Javad Tarahi ◽  
Behrouz Ezatpour
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Parasitic infection is one of the problems that affect human health, especially in developing countries. In this study, all of the fast food shops, restaurants, and roast meat outlets of Khorramabad (Western Iran) and all the staff employed by them, some 210 people, were selected through a census and their stools were examined for the presence of parasites. The parasitological tests of direct wet-mount, Lugol's iodine staining, formaldehyde-ether sedimentation and Trichrome staining techniques were performed on the samples. The data was analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression was selected as the analytical model. The results showed 19 (9%) stool specimens were positive for different intestinal parasites. These intestinal parasites included Giardia lamblia2.9%, Entamoeba coli 4.3%, Blastocystis sp. 1.4%, and Hymenolepis nana 0.5%. There was a significant difference between the presence of a valid health card, awareness of transmission of intestinal parasites, participation in training courses in environmental health with intestinal parasites (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the rate of literacy and gender among patients infected with intestinal parasites (p > 0.05). To control parasitic infection in food handlers, several strategies are recommended such as stool examinations every three months, public education, application of health regulations, controlling the validity of health cards and training on parasitic infection transmission. In this regard, the findings of the present study can be used as a basis to develop preventive programs targeting food handlers because the spread of disease via them is a common problem worldwide.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Dogs in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rateb A. Othman ◽  
Sameh Abuseir
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background: Dogs play an important role in transmission of parasites and zoonotic diseases, especially in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in stray and pet dogs in Palestine. Methods: Fecal samples were collected during the period between Jan to May 2019. A total of 150 fecal samples were collected and tested for parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The targeted dogs were both pet dogs and stray dogs and were grouped according to gender and age. Results: Although there was no significant difference in infestation between males and females, the prevalence rate of infestation in males was 63.1% compared to females 72.4%. Dogs of ages under one year had similar rate of infestation compared to older dogs with a rate of 67.3% and 67.4% respectively. Infestations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs 81.4% compared to pet dogs 48.4%. The highest infestation rate was with Toxocara canis 46.0% followed by Dipylidium caninum 23.0%, Echinococcus spp. 14.0% ,Isosopora canis  9.0%, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0%, Giarda spp. 5.0%, Strongyloides spp. 4.0%, Trichuris vulpis 3.0%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.0%. Conclusion: Local dogs in Palestine, especially stray dogs, are infested with different types of intestinal parasites that may cause many common and non-common diseases to humans. To prevent the spread of these parasites, future public health should be proposed and applied by authorities to achieve a healthy status of the residents in the country. Health awareness spread among people about the seriousness of the diseases transmitted by dogs must also be activated.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Tan L.P. ◽  
Megat Abd. Rani P.A. ◽  
Sharma R.S.K. ◽  
Syed Hussain S.S. ◽  
Watanabe M.
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Klang Valley

Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that has a worldwide distribution, is known to infect many warm-blooded vertebrates. The feline species including domestic cats are the definitive hosts for Toxoplama gondii and shed the infective oocyst. There is lack of information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine both the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in cats’ feces in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 198 blood and 201 fecal samples were collected from pet and stray cats from the local council, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) and University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia respectively. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in the Klang Valley was found to be 5.5%. There was a high prevalence (10.5%) of T. gondii DNA detected in the cat fecal samples in both pet and stray cats suggestive of T. gondii oocyst shedding. Stray cats showed a higher seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii than the pet cats. However, comparative analysis using Chi-square test showed no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Higher prevalence (10.5%) of cats shedding T. gondii DNA as compared to the seroprevalence (5.5%) was found in the cat population in the Klang Valley. The high prevalence of cats shedding T. gondii DNA is alarming as this may directly reflect the number of oocysts excreted into the environment posing a significant public health hazard.

High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia — Short communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolić ◽  
Sanda Dimitrijević ◽  
Sofija Katić-Radivojević ◽  
Ivana Klun ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Military Working Dogs

To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 151 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and 11 military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia -type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia , Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Hamad Alzoman ◽  
Syed Rashid Habib ◽  
Sultan Alghamdi ◽  
Hebah Al-Juhani ◽  
Rawan Daabash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercaptan ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Crowns ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the level of halitosis in patients with/without fixed crowns and in addition the influence of various crown parameters on halitosis was also explored. Methods: In total, 96 subjects (fixed crowns = 52; no crowns = 44) participated in the study. The levels volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) were evaluated with breath samples using gas chromatography and used for classification as presence or absence of halitosis. The periodontal clinical parameters for all the participants as well as the crown parameters for participants with fixed crowns were also evaluated. Cross tabulation, Chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance tests were used for the statistical analysis and comparisons. Results: Breath samples revealed, 50 (52.1%) participants were suffering from halitosis. Out of VSCs, the level of CH3SCH3 (62.5%) was found to be the most prevalent. Significant correlations were observed between the presence of fixed crowns and oral halitosis (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference in the concentration of H2S and CH3SH (p < 0.001) and no significance for CH3SCH3 (p = 0.075) between patients with/without fixed crowns was found. The presence of halitosis was more prevalent in the subjects with crown parameters (subgingival margin, over-contoured margin, open-crown margin, over-contoured and under-contoured crowns) considered clinically defective/unacceptable (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of fixed dental crowns significantly contributes to the oral halitosis. Dental crowns with defects significantly impair the hygienic conditions and oral microflora resulting in high prevalence of halitosis.

scholarly journals The Occurence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Slaughtered Cattle in Azare,North-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Umar ◽  
Bashir Mohammed Abubakar ◽  
Haladu Ali Gagman ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fasciola Spp

A Cross-sectional Study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (G.I.)  helminths parasites in slaughtered cattle at Azare abattoir, Katagum Local Government Area, Bauchi State, North-Eastern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty faecal samples were examined using the floatation and sedimentation method. Out of the total samples tested, G.I. helminths infections were detected in 62samples tested, giving an overall prevalence of 51.6%. Class nematodes are the most diverse class (56.5%) and then followed by trematodes (35.5%), while cestodes are the least prevalent (8.1%). There was a statistically significant difference in P-value >0.05.  The sex revealed that males (52.6%) are more susceptible to G.I. helminths infection than females (50.0%) even though there is no statistical difference at P-value >0.05. However, the prevalence of G.I. helminths to age revealed a statistical difference at P-value >0.05, where the young have the highest prevalence of 59.5%.  The Red Bororo breeds had the highest prevalence of 75%, while the least was recorded in White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali, 40% each. There was a statistically significant difference at P-value >0.05. This study revealed that Fasciola spp (15%) is the most prevalent G.I. helminths parasites detected, followed by Oesophagostomum spp (11.7%); Haemonchus spp (9.2%); Strongyloides spp (8.3%), Schistosoma spp (3.3%); and Moniezia spp (1.67%). Our findings from the present study revealed a high prevalence of G.I. helminths species affecting cattle in Azare and Nigeria as a whole. Therefore, there is a great need for proper advocacy on the need for appropriate management, regular deworming practices, and improved cattle hygiene to boost animal production. This will help in curbing great lost to Nigeria's economy and the world in general.

scholarly journals HELMINTH PARASITES OF GOATS AND SHEEP AT SLAUGHTER HOUSE IN LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Aliyu ◽  
J. I. Maikenti ◽  
O. P. Aimankhu ◽  
S. O. Ayuba ◽  
H. O. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
West African ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Helminth parasites have been recognized as one of the major constraints to both goat and sheep production in Nigeria and other developing countries. A study aimed to determine helminth parasites of goats and sheep at slaughter in Lafia from June to July 2019. Two hundred fecal samples were collected and analyzed from 100 goats and 100 sheep using the direct smear method. The fecal sample examined revealed an overall prevalence of 155(77.5%), with goat having 80(80.0%), sheep 75(75.0%). Thirteen helminth parasites were found with nematode the most prevalent 103(66.5%), trematode had 35(22.6%), and cestode the least with 17(10.1%) and there was a statistically significant difference among the parasites (P<0.001). According to sex, females 59(43.7%) were more infected than males 25(38.5%) and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Age of sampled animals (Goat and Sheep) shows that <1 year had 28(18.1%), younger animals within the ages of <2 years 65(41.9%) were more infected with helminth parasites than adult animals from <3 years (13.5%) and >33 had 25(16.1%) and there was no statistically significant difference in age (P>0.312). According to breeds, the West African dwarf goats and sheep were more infected 104(52%), the Fulani breeds 73(36.5%) and the least was Balami sheep with 13(6.5%), Uda goat 10(5%) and there was a statistically significant difference among the breeds (P<0.001). This study revealed a high prevalence of helminth parasites of goat and sheep at slaughter in Lafia which may reduce productivity. It is recommended that goats and sheep be dewormed regularly.

scholarly journals Survey of Giardiasis Symptoms in Patients Referred to Health Care Centers in Zahedan, South-Eastern Iran, 2017-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Raissi ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Parvaneh Sarani Aliabadi ◽  
Zeinab Hashemi Baghi ◽  
Soudabeh Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background: There are many pathogenic intestinal parasites in humans, one of which is Giardia lamblia. This parasite has a variety of clinical symptoms in individuals. Poor health, weather conditions, and inappropriate lifestyle are all factors contributing to the high incidence of giardiasis. Objective: Based on factors influencing the prevalence of giardiasis in the region, this study was performed on subjects referred to Zahedan health care centers. Materials and Methods: A total of 671 stool specimens of subjects who referred between March 2017 and October 2018 were examined using direct and formalin ether concentration techniques. All demographic and clinical data in questionnaires were recorded. Data were analyzed using X2 test to determine any differences in the prevalence of giardiasis and clinical symptoms between different age groups. Results: Of 671 samples, 346 (51.1%) were positive. The most common complaint among participants was abdominal pain (64.1%), followed by diarrhea (53.7%), abdominal cramps (44.7%), nausea (32.6%), weight loss (30.9%), anorexia (26.8%), headache (22.2%), fatigue (14.1%), and fever (13.2%). Most of the clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal cramp, weight loss, and headache were reported in females, and the results of chi-square test showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The age group of 1-12 years had the highest percentage of infection (49.42%). The data indicated that the highest rate of infection was observed in this group, showing a significant difference in comparison with other age groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in addition to health education, preventing the transmission of parasites to children would also be necessary.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Melissa Officinalis on After-Pains: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Naderi Dastjerdi ◽  
Tayebeh Darooneh ◽  
Malihe Nasiri ◽  
Fariborz Moatar ◽  
Somayeh Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Postpartum Pain ◽  
Single Blind

Introduction: Regarding high prevalence of postpartum pain and side-effects of pharmaceutical analgesics on maternal and neonatal health, the present study aimed to explore the effect of Melissa officinalis on after-pain among mothers hospitalized in Asgariyeh Hospital, Isfahan, 2016. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 110 women with moderate to severe after-pain were divided into two M.officinalis and mefenamic acid groups by random allocation. Samples in the first group received 250mg of mefenamic acid and the second group received 395mg of M.officinalis oral capsules every 6hours for 24hours following childbirth. The primary outcome (After-pain) was assessed using a numeric 10-point scale before intervention, 1,2 and 3hours after the first intervention and every 6hours to 24hours after delivery for each of second, third and fourth interventions. Data were analyzed, using SPSS by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and chi-square test. Results: The demographic and obstetric variables and after-pain severity before the intervention in both groups were homogenous (P>0.05). Pain intensity wasn’t significantly different between the two groups during first and second hours after the first intervention, but there was a significant difference in the third hour (P<0.05). The severity of pain was significantly different between the two groups in different assessments including: an hour after the second, third and fourth intervention (P<0.05). A significant difference was found between mefenamic acid and M.officinalis in pain relief (P<0.001). Conclusion: M.officinalis can reduce the severity of after-pain, because it eliminates the need for pharmaceutical analgesics and works much better than mefenamic acid.

scholarly journals Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Degu G. Alemahu ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 765 COVID-19 patients (372 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsThe result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsDeveloping a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be determined by exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.

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