DETECTION OF FUNGICIDE RESIDUES IN SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-528
Author(s):  
MARIANA NELA STEFANUT ◽  
CRISTIAN VASZILCSIN ◽  
ADINA CATA ◽  
IOANA ELENA LILE ◽  
GYONGYI OSSER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Red Peppers

The use of pesticides is a common practice in modern agriculture. To increase and to ensure the security in people nutrition, two comparative chromatographic methods (GC-MS and HPLC-DAD) for fungicide residues detection and monitoring in some fruits and vegetables were tested. Some vegetables, eggplants, cucumbers, red potatoes, white potatoes, red peppers and fruits, plums, apples, lemons, grapes, clementines, were analyzed for fungicide residues quantification. The presence of Tebuconazole, Boscalid, Iprodione and Imazalil was followed and quantified in the tested samples. These analyses are important for environment and end-consumers protection. Generaly, both techniques are very sensitive and selective for the analysis of pesticides at low concentrations. GC-MS presents better linearity characteristics for Tebuconazole and Imazalil, but HPLC-DAD was the most rapid method. The tested products do not contain large fungicides quantities.

Improved Method for the Determination of Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Residues in Plants, Fruits, and Vegetables

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108
Author(s):  
Charles F Gordon ◽  
Richard J Schuckert ◽  
William E Bornak
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Large Representative

Abstract A modified method for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues on crops is presented. A large representative subsample of the frozen crop is blended in ice-cold deaerated water and an aliquot of the homogenate is added to the analytical apparatus containing hot 5 0% sulfuric acid. Dithiocarbamates are decomposed to evolve CS2 which is removed by a continuous gentle air-sweep from the digestion flask. Variations in technique allow the analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in several ranges, 1-10, 10-200, and 200-1000 /ig maneb. Recoveries from a wide variety of crops averaged 70 to 103%. Certain crop types present low recoveries and/or high apparent control values, but modifications in the analytical procedure are successful in solving these problems.

scholarly journals Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenevere Perry ◽  
Diane Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Transportation Container ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

scholarly journals Stress-induced Ethanol Production in Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 635d-635
Author(s):  
Charles F. Forney ◽  
Michael A. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
High Concentrations

Fresh fruits and vegetables produce ethanol when they are held in atmospheres containing low concentrations of oxygen. Ethanol concentrations in the headspace of fresh Brassica vegetables held 24 hours in nitrogen at 20°C ranged from 5 to 110 mmol·m–3. The absence of oxygen induced anaerobic respiration and the production of ethanol in these vegetables. However, other stresses, including heat and high concentrations of carbon dioxide, can also stimulate the production of ethanol in fresh fruits and vegetables held in aerobic atmospheres. Fresh heads of broccoli dipped in 52°C water had increased concentrations of headspace ethanol 2 hours after treatment when held at 20°C in air. Concentrations were 6, 160, and 490 times greater in broccoli treated for 1, 2, or 3 minutes than in nontreated controls, respectively. Fruit of three highbush blueberry cultivars held in 25% carbon dioxide for 6 weeks at 0°C had 80 to 190 times more ethanol than fruit held in air. The 25% carbon dioxide atmosphere also induced blueberries to soften and develop off-flavors. Ethanol may be a fast and easy-to-measure indicator of physiological stress in stored fresh fruits and vegetables. Monitoring induced ethanol production could identify injurious storage environments or postharvest treatments. Possible mechanisms of stress-induced ethanol production will be discussed.

scholarly journals Wars between microbes on roots and fruits

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Lugtenberg ◽  
Daniel E. Rozen ◽  
Faina Kamilova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Attack And Defense

Microbes in nature often live in unfavorable conditions. To survive, they have to occupy niches close to food sources and efficiently utilize nutrients that are often present in very low concentrations. Moreover, they have to possess an arsenal of attack and defense mechanisms against competing bacteria. In this review, we will discuss strategies used by microbes to compete with each other in the rhizosphere and on fruits, with a focus on mechanisms of inter- and intra-species antagonism. Special attention will be paid to the recently discovered roles of volatile organic compounds. Several microbes with proven capabilities in the art of warfare are being applied in products used for the biological control of plant diseases, including post-harvest control of fruits and vegetables.

Determination of Guthion® Residues on Fruits

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
William S Cox
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Upper Level

Abstract The 1962 collaborative study consisted of the colorimetric determination of Guthion residues on locally purchased apples and grapes. Each fruit was “spiked” at levels of 1 and 3 ppm. Six of eight collaborators obtained recoveries of 80—106% at the lower level, and 95-111% at the upper level. Blanks were consistently low, and duplicate results were in close agreement. The method, adopted in 1960 for coletype crops, is being recommended for adoption for non-citrus fruits. Several changes in wording are recommended to clarify and shorten the method. A rapid method, based on benzene stripping of fresh fruits and vegetables, followed by cleanup with acetonitrile-n-hexane partitioning, is recommended for collaborative study next year.

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