Pseudohermaphroditism in a female French Bulldog

2021 ◽  
Vol XXVI (150) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Bruna Calijuri Marin ◽  
Valéria Pires Corrêa ◽  
Ítalo Cássio S. de Oliveira ◽  
Karina Mussolino Saqueli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Internal Region ◽  
Female Phenotype ◽  
The Individual ◽  
French Bulldog

Pseudohermaphroditism is a sexual anomaly, rare in dogs, in which the individual has both male and female characteristics; normally ambiguous external genitalia and male or female gonads. This report concerns a 5-month-old female French Bulldog, where the principal concern was the presence of a structure in the internal region of the genitalia with evolution of approximately 2 months. Upon clinical examination, it was found that the patient had a characteristically female phenotype and a vagina with no apparent changes, despite the presence of a hypertrophied structure inside, similar to a clitoris and a probable penile bone. A right lateral abdominal radiography revealed the presence of a probable atrophied penile bone located inside the vulva. An ultrasound examination showed the presence of two oval, coarse and hypoechogenic structures in the inguinal (subcutaneous) region, suggesting ectopic testicles; ovaries and uterus were not observed. However, during laparotomy the absence of ovaries and the presence of uterus and testicles in the subcutaneous tissue were observed.

scholarly journals Possible Epigenetic Origin of a Recurrent Gynandromorph Pattern in Megachile Wild Bees

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Daniele Sommaggio ◽  
Giuseppe Fusco ◽  
Marco Uliana ◽  
Alessandro Minelli
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Phenotype ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Individual Body

Gynandromorphs, i.e., individuals with a mix of male and female traits, are common in the wild bees of the genus Megachile (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). We described new transverse gynandromorphs in Megachile pilidens Alfkeen, 1924 and analyze the spatial distribution of body parts with male vs. female phenotype hitherto recorded in the transverse gynandromorphs of the genus Megachile. We identified 10 different arrangements, nine of which are minor variants of a very general pattern, with a combination of male and female traits largely shared by the gynandromorphs recorded in 20 out of 21 Megachile species in our dataset. Based on the recurrence of the same gynandromorph pattern, the current knowledge on sex determination and sex differentiation in the honey bee, and the results of recent gene-knockdown experiments in these insects, we suggest that these composite phenotypes are possibly epigenetic, rather than genetic, mosaics, with individual body parts of either male or female phenotype according to the locally expressed product of the alternative splicing of sex-determining gene transcripts.

scholarly journals 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: report on 14 patients from a Brazilian hospital. A retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa ◽  
Willy Francisco Bartel D'Ecclesiis ◽  
Raquel Papandreus Dibbi ◽  
Rosana Cardoso Manique Rosa ◽  
Patrícia Trevisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Clinical Genetics ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Genital Ambiguity ◽  
The Individual

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, or mixed gonadal dysgenesis, is considered to be a rare disorder of sex development. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with this mosaicism.DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study in a referral hospital in southern Brazil.METHODS: Our sample consisted of patients diagnosed at the clinical genetics service of a referral hospital in southern Brazil, from 1975 to 2012. Clinical and cytogenetic data were collected from the medical records.RESULTS: Fourteen patients were included in the sample, with ages at the first evaluation ranging from 2 days to 38 years. Nine of them had female sex of rearing and five, male. Regarding the external genitalia, most were ambiguous (n = 10). One patient presented male phenotype and was treated for a history of azoospermia, while three patients presented female phenotype, of whom two had findings of Turner syndrome and one presented secondary amenorrhea alone. Some findings of Turner syndrome were observed even among patients with ambiguous genitalia. None presented gonadal malignancy. One patient underwent surgical correction for genital ambiguity and subsequent exchange of sex of rearing. Regarding cytogenetics, we did not observe any direct correlation between percentages of cell lines and phenotype.CONCLUSIONS: 45,X/46,XY mosaicism can present with a wide variety of phenotypes resulting from the involvement of different aspects of the individual. All these observations have important implications for early recognition of these patients and their appropriate management.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BODY SELF-RELATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ranjini Karthikeyan ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Individual

Body self-relation is a multidimensional construct defined by persons" perceptions of and attitudes about their body. Body image does not simply reflect the biological enrichment of the individual or the feedback received from the significant others. The way you perceive about your body is your cognitive body image. This can lead to excessive concern with body shape and weight. Behaviors in which you relate as a result of your body image encompass your behavioral body image. A study based on the gender differences in body relation relating to young adults rating the comparison in perception of both male and female data. Hundred participants of both male and female took part in answering the by Multidimensional body selfrelations questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). Results demonstrated by Mann Whitney U test revealed that there is significant difference between male and female young adults in their relation to body self, p<0.05, (2- tailed) in appearance orientation. There is no statistical sig.>0.05 differences in the other dimensions. Therefore, this study rejects the null hypothesis in (dimension) appearance orientation and accepts the null hypothesis (dimensions) in appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight. Keywords: body self-relation; gender differences

Gender issues

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Harding
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender System

Contemporary studies commonly stress the belief that, even if sex is biologically determined, gender by contrast is a social and cultural construct (Sofaer and Sørensen, 2012). Even biological sex entails varying degrees of male and female attributes in terms of chromosomes and DNA if not in terms of reproductive organs, so that, contrary to the bipolar model of sex, contemporary studies of gender tend to think in terms of a spectrum that includes composite gender or a third gender that is neither male nor female in what Arnold (2006: 155) described as ‘a suprabinary gender system’. In the case of the Byzantine eunuchs or the Indian hijra cited by Croucher (2012: 174–5), these could be regarded as socially constructed, and it is not here suggested that such categories existed in Iron Age Britain or Europe. It is important, however, to be clear that conventional western sexual stereotypes and conceptions of gender roles in child-rearing, food production, and warfare, for example, need not have pertained in non-classical societies in antiquity. Gender issues in the study of funerary archaeology have gained a prominence in the last twenty years not simply as a result of theoretical considerations but also because of more intensive interest in osteological research, as a result of which there has been a greater recognition of the fact that identifying sex may involve evaluation of a spectrum of criteria rather than simple bipolar options. Though pelvic bones remain crucial to assessing sex, the skull and other major bones can also be indicative, and not infrequently the evidence remains equivocal, even where the skeleton is reasonably well preserved. Accordingly, some of the skeletons from the eastern Yorkshire cemeteries were deemed to show ‘contra’ indications, that is male and female characteristics in equal measure, in a gradation of assessment that also included ‘definite’, ‘probable’, and ‘possible’ identifications (Stead, 1991). Furthermore, though sex is biologically determined, osteology may be affected by cultural factors such as the degree of physical exercise that the individual habitually engages in, so that the criteria observed by the osteologist may suggest a physique normally associated with the opposite sex.

scholarly journals The MRCPsych OSCE workshop: a new game to play?

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Naeem ◽  
Joan Rutherford ◽  
Chris Kenn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Individual

In line with the Royal College of Psychiatrists' commitment to improve its professional examinations based on the best current evidence, Spring 2003 has seen the introduction of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This has replaced the individual patient assessment (IPA) in the MRCPsych Part I clinical examination. An OSCE consists of a series of time-limited clinical tasks that candidates have to perform in a consecutive series of ‘stations' or booths. They have the advantage of being able to test clinical competence using a number of different scenarios via a standardised format (Katona et al, 2000). Their use has become widespread over recent years, particularly in undergraduate psychiatry exams (Brewin & Cantwell, 1997), as they have good reliability and validity (Hodges et al, 1998). This was confirmed by the College's initial pilot OSCE, which had a κ score of around 0.8 for the examination as a whole (Oyebode, 2002).

Importance of Maslow-Type Needs to Business College Seniors: Blacks, Whites, Males, Females

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jack Shapiro ◽  
Louis W. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
White Male ◽  
College Seniors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Business College ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
The Individual

The present study examined the importance of various hierarchical needs, as described by Maslow, to black, white, male, and female business college seniors. Data support the Maslow postulate that the hierarchical needs he proposed are “more universal” for all cultures than are superficial behaviors or desires. The cultural differences between the races begin to be manifest in the magnitude of the individual needs. Data indicate that 58 blacks placed greater importance on most of the needs studied than did the 249 whites regardless of sex.

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