In Vitro Physical and Biological Evaluations of a 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Exposure Setup

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Mengxi Wang ◽  
Guohui Yang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Qun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Fdtd Simulation ◽  
Biological Experiment ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Polarization Characteristics

In this paper, a 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation system for cells in vitro was designed from the perspective of optimal energy coupling of cell samples. The validity of the design was verified by FDTD simulation, physical test and biological experiment. The electromagnetic parameters of SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and temperature rise were obtained by FDTD simulation. The validation of temperature simulation was confirmed by comparing the actual measurement data and the simulation data. The SAR relative uniformity between samples was tested by cell biological experiment, in which ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), a typical and sensitive biological parameter reacting to electromagnetic radiation in cells, of different sample dishes induced by 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation with an incident power of 0.5 W was analyzed. We found that the size of cell dish affects the energy coupling intensity, the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic wave determines the distribution pattern of SAR, and the uniformity of sample energy absorption in this radiation system is good.

Dynamic Measurement of Spatial Attitude at Bottom Rotating Drillstring: Simulation, Experimental, and Field Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilong Xue ◽  
Ruihe Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Leilei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Gas Drilling

In the oil and gas drilling engineering, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system is usually used to provide real-time monitoring of the position and orientation of the bottom hole. Particularly in the rotary steerable drilling technology and application, it is a challenge to measure the spatial attitude of the bottom drillstring accurately in real time while the drillstring is rotating. A set of “strap-down” measurement system was developed in this paper. The triaxial accelerometer and triaxial fluxgate were installed near the bit, and real-time inclination and azimuth can be measured while the drillstring is rotating. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the continuous measurement was established during drilling. The real-time signals of the accelerometer and the fluxgate sensors are processed and analyzed in a time window, and the movement patterns of the drilling bit will be observed, such as stationary, uniform rotation, and stick–slip. Different signal processing methods will be used for different movement patterns. Additionally, a scientific approach was put forward to improve the solver accuracy benefit from the use of stick–slip vibration phenomenon. We also developed the Kalman filter (KF) to improve the solver accuracy. The actual measurement data through drilling process verify that the algorithm proposed in this paper is reliable and effective and the dynamic measurement errors of inclination and azimuth are effectively reduced.

The Standard Chinese Head Building Used for Numerical Calculation of Specific Absorption Rate of Electromagnetic Radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1362-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ma ◽  
Yu Duo Wang ◽  
Wu Tong Ning
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
International Research ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Key Steps

The paper introduces how to build a standard Chinese head to be used for numerical calculation of specific absorption rate of electromagnetic radiation using MAYA modeling software, including the demand background of building a standard Chinese head, international research status, as well as the urgency of relative research and study at present in China, and discusses the key steps of the standard Chinese head building using MAYA modeling software model, and the outlook for the numerical calculations after the modeling completed.

Development of Bioimpedance Sensors and Measurement System for Biomedical In-Vitro Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-499
Author(s):  
Stadler B. Eng. Sebastian ◽  
Herbert Plischke ◽  
Christian Hanshans
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Store And Forward

Abstract Bioimpedance analysis is a label-free and easy approach to obtain information on cellular barrier integrity and cell viability more broadly. In this work, we introduce a small, low-cost, portable in vitro impedance measurement system for studies where a shadow-free exposure of the cells is a requirement. It can be controlled by a user-friendly web interface and can perform measurements automated and autonomously at short intervals. The system can be integrated into an existing IoT network for remote monitoring and indepth analyses. A single-board computer (SBC) serves as the central unit, to control, analyze, store and forward the measurement data from the single-chip impedance analyzer. Various materials and manufacturing methods were used to produce a purpose-built lid on top of a modified 24-well microtiter plate in a “do it yourself” fashion. Furthermore, three different sensor designs were developed utilizing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes and gold-plated electrodes. Preliminary tests with potassium chloride (KCl) showed first promising results.

Blade Fault Recognition Based on Signal Processing and Adaptive Fluid Dynamic Modelling

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stamatis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Fault Recognition

An approach for identification of faults in blades of a gas turbine, based on physical modelling is presented. A measured quantity is used as an input and the deformed blading configuration is produced as an output. This is achieved without using any kind of “signature”, as is customary in diagnostic procedures for this kind of faults. A fluid dynamic model is used in a manner similar to what is known as “inverse design methods”: the solid boundaries which produce a certain flow field are calculated by prescribing this flow field. In the present case a signal, corresponding to the pressure variation on the blade-to-blade plane, is measured. The blade cascade geometry that has produced this signal is then produced by the method. In the paper the method is described and applications to test cases are presented. The test cases include theoretically produced faults as well as experimental cases, where actual measurement data are shown to produce the geometrical deformations which existed in the test engine.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Accuracy of Railway Total Simulator Compared with Actual Measurement Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-424
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Miyauchi ◽  
Kenji Imamoto ◽  
Keiko Teramura ◽  
Hirotaka Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Actual Measurement

Application of Entropy-Weight Hierarchy Analysis on Study of Height Prediction of Water Conducted Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Meng Lin Xu ◽  
De Shen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Entropy Weight Method ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Height Prediction ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Based on actual measurement data in Da Ping as the samples,according to the experience, and ends with calculate every factors weight and height prediction of the water conducted zone by Matlab using the combination entropy-weight method and analytic hierarchy process. this paper introduces a comprehensive prediction model consisting of analytic hierarchy process and combination entropy-weight method. The method,overcoming weights imbalance,gives the evaluation result better than does the single analytic hierarchy process, it is a new valid method for scientific forecast on water conducted zone.

scholarly journals GTEM Cell Experimental Set up for In Vitro Dosimetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Giovanna Calò ◽  
Francesco Lattarulo ◽  
Vincenzo Petruzzelli
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gtem Cell ◽  
In Vitro Dosimetry

A GTEM cell, suitable for assessing possible biological effects induced on cell samples by electromagnetic fields at the typical frequencies of GSM mobile phones, has been designed and set up. Basic environmental requirements for in-vitro biological experiments, involving a GTEM cell, have been assessed by controlling the electromagnetic field distribution and survival conditions. The GTEM cell has been characterized by Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements. The impedance matching at the terminal load section has been optimized by considering different hybridload configurations. Moreover, optimal exposure conditions forthe biological sample have been experimentally evaluated by paying special attention to the E-field scenario inside the GTEM cell at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequencies. At last, an experimental evaluation of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is reported.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Procedures for Jet Engines

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lunderstädt ◽  
K. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In the paper to be presented diagnostic procedures on the basis of a gas path analysis are applied on a two-shaft jet engine. Starting from the mathematical model of the engine a filter-algorithm is used which delivers from actual measurement data the state of the engine for different working conditions. The procedure is proven for some examples and discussed in regard of its practical significance.

scholarly journals Influence of Lawns on the Summer Thermal Environment and Microclimate of Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Fuling Mausoleum, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Gongwen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The thermal environment and microclimate of heritage sites has been severely impacted by rapid urbanization. This study collected various meteorological measurement data as a reference for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation settings. Then CFD was applied to simulate the impact of lawns on the thermal environment and microclimate of Fuling Mausoleum. We found that lawns and soil can cool the air through evaporation, and thus have a specific cooling effect on the bricked ground. After lawns were planted, the bricked ground temperature decreased by 1.56–17.54°C than that before lawns were planted at 14:00, a decrease of 2.68%–24.20%. Under normal circumstances, when the wind speed or relative humidity increased, the ground temperature dropped. Greenbelt vegetation can adjust the microclimate and human thermal comfort indicators. The consistency of the difference between the actual measurement and the CFD simulation results shows that CFD simulation can thus accurately reflect the internal temperature field distribution if the selection of simulation parameters is reasonable. Theoretical calculation and analysis, experimental measurement research, and modern computer simulation analysis methods applied together constitute a complete system for studying modern physical environmental problems and can provide reliable and economic results.

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