scholarly journals SESSILE OAK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM TRANSYLVANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Vlad Crisan ◽  
Lucian Dinca ◽  
Sorin Deca ◽  
Gruita Ienasoiu ◽  
Virgil Scarlatescu
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Climatic Scenario ◽  
Gas Effect

Climatic modelling software was used in order to measure future changes in climatic conditions. The software HYPE can realize prognosis for certain climatic factors responsible for causing extreme climatic phenomena in forest ecosystems. It was applied to study sessile oak forest ecosystems from Transylvania. Sample surfaces were installed, inventoried and followed by simulations of two future climatic scenarios. Two such scenarios were chosen, namely the climatic scenario in which the gas effect concentration will increase moderately (rcp-4.5) and the climatic scenario in which the gas effect concentration will be accentuated (rcp-8.5). The data was then processed and which led to an analysis of the way in which future climatic changes will affect forest ecosystems located in the studied area. After analyzing all three sessile oak stands, we can conclude that the Mediaș stand is the most vulnerable one to both climatic parameters. Future climatic scenarios are necessary for other surfaces located in our country for the same species, as well as for others in order to have a bigger picture of future implications. The best management measures and decisions regarding the installment of future stands can consequently be taken based on these results.

scholarly journals Analysing pine forest ecosystems from Transylvania in the context of future Climatic Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Vlad Crisan ◽  
Lucian Dinca ◽  
Iuliana Gabriela Breaban ◽  
Sorin Deca
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Climatic Scenario

A climatic modelling program was used in order to see the extent of changes in future climatic conditions. This can realize prognosis for certain climatic factors that cause extreme climatic phenomena concerning forest ecosystems. The program was applied for forest ecosystems comprised of Scots pine, installed and inventoried on sample surfaces from Transylvania. Simulations were then created within two future climatic scenarios. Two scenarios were chosen: the climatic scenario in which the increase of greenhouse gases would be moderate (rcp-4.5) and the climatic scenario in which the increase would be accentuated (rcp-8.5). The data was then processed, resulting in an analysis focused on the results of future climatic changes on forest ecosystems located in the studied area. By analyzing all three pine stands, we can conclude that the Lechinta stand is the most vulnerable one if the two climatic parameters change. It is necessary to verify and use future climatic scenarios for other areas that have the same species, as well as for other species, in order to see how they will be affected. These results can be used for applying the best management measures for current stands as well as for establishing decisions for installing future stands at a national level.

scholarly journals Unveiling the conservation status of the sessile oak forest for their protection and management in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e70549
Author(s):  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Lluís Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Characteristic Species

The sessile oak forests found on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are ascribed to the Lathyro-Quercetumpetraeae association and play a key role in understanding the ecology of this habitat, as this region represents its xeric limit. For this reason, we analysed the biodiversity patterns and current conservation status of the sessile oak forests in the region. To do so, we collected Braun-Blanquet inventories of 34 plots randomly distributed throughout the sessile oak forests. The results showed a relationship between the climatic conditions and the biodiversity variables. While the richness of the community increased with decreasing temperatures, the characteristic species found within the community decreased at these same temperatures. This result was due to the presence of most companion species in the cool zones at high elevations.Sessile oaks are found close to other communities, such as silver birches and Scot pine forests.On the other hand, in the warm areas at low elevations, the sessile oak community was more established, with plants typical of this type of forest. These slightly warmer zones with sessile oaks are very important in terms of conservation and more vulnerable to climate change and the thermophilization of the community, as has been studied. As such, protecting and managing these forests is key to conserving this community. Nevertheless, as current protection measures do not safeguard most of these forests, it is essential to define a conservation strategy to preserve them. Using the conservation status, we have established criteria to improve the conservation strategy for sessile oak forest on the NE Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Differentiation between Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Nikolic ◽  
Ana Nikolic ◽  
Marko Jaukovic ◽  
Iva Savic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Kernel Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Production Conditions

The species of the genus Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, are the most aflatoxin-producing fungi. All previous studies carried out under the production conditions of Serbia showed no presence of A. parasiticus on wheat kernel. On the basis of changes in climatic factors, such as occurrence of high temperatures and prolonged droughts, which favour increased frequency of Aspergillus spp., we assumed that this pathogen can also be present in Serbia. The significance of direct losses as a consequence of wheat kernel infection, as well as potential contamination with aflatoxins, have pointed out to the need to determine the presence of toxigenic potential of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates originating from Serbia. For that purpose, wheat kernel samples were collected in nine locations. According to morphological, toxicological and molecular traits of isolated fungi, the presence of A. flavus and A. parasiticus was confirmed. This is the first time that A. parasiticus was identified on wheat under climatic conditions in Serbia. This study indicates that these pathogens may be a potential danger in wheat production in the region of Serbia. This danger will be much more certain if global climatic changes continue as they will provide more intensive development of these pathogens.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Norbert Szymański ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Elements

The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Improved Rice Technology Adoption: The Role of Spatially-Dependent Risk Preference

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Omotuyole Isiaka Ambali ◽  
Francisco Jose Areal ◽  
Nikolaos Georgantzis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Rice Varieties

This study analyses farmers’ adoption of improved rice technology, taking into account farmers’ risk preferences; the unobserved spatial heterogeneity associated with farmers’ risk preferences; farmers’ household and farm characteristics; farm locations, farmers’ access to information, and their perceptions on the rice improved varieties (i.e., high yield varieties, HYV). The study used data obtained from field experiments and a survey conducted in 2016 in Nigeria. An instrumental-variable probit model was estimated to account for potential endogenous farmers’ risk preference in the adoption decision model. Results show that risk averse (risk avoidant) farmers are less likely to adopt HYV, with the spatial lags of farmers’ risk attitudes found to be a good instrument for spatially unobserved variables (e.g., environmental and climatic factors). We conclude that studies supporting policy action aiming at the diffusion of improved rice varieties need to collect information, if possible, on farmers’ risk attitudes, local environmental and climatic conditions (e.g., climatic, topographic, soil quality, pest incidence) in order to ease the design and evaluation of policy actions on the adoption of improved agricultural technology.

Tree line shifts, changing vegetation assemblages and permafrost dynamics on Galdhøpiggen (Jotunheimen, Norway) over the past ~4400 years

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110665
Author(s):  
Helen Hallang ◽  
Cynthia A Froyd ◽  
John F Hiemstra ◽  
Sietse O Los
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Modern Analogue ◽  
Downy Birch

An environmental reconstruction based on palynological evidence preserved in peat was carried out to examine late-Holocene alpine tree line dynamics in the context of past climatic changes on Galdhøpiggen (Jotunheimen, southern Norway). We analysed a peat core taken from a mire at the present-day tree line (1000 m a.s.l.), c. 450 m downslope from the lower limit of sporadic permafrost. We adopted a combination of commonly used indicators of species’ local presence to reconstruct past vegetation assemblages, such as the relative pollen abundance (%), pollen accumulation rate (PAR), and presence of indicator species. Additionally, fossil pollen from the peat sequence was compared to modern pollen from a surface moss polster to establish a modern analogue. The results were compared with studies covering the late-Holocene climatic changes in the area. The reconstruction demonstrates that a pine-dominated woodland reached above the present-day tree line at c. 4300 cal. yr BP, suggesting a warmer climate suitable for Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) growth at this altitude. Scots pine retreated to lower altitudes between c. 3400 and 1700 cal. yr BP, accompanied by the descent of the low-alpine shrub-dominated belt, in response to cooling climatic conditions. The colder period covered c. 1700–170 cal. yr BP, and an open downy birch ( Betula pubescens) woodland became widespread at 1000 m a.s.l., whilst pine remained sparse at this altitude. From c. 170 cal. yr BP onwards, warming allowed pine to re-establish its local presence alongside downy birch at 1000 m a.s.l.

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