scholarly journals DOMINANCE OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN TREATING SICKEL CELL ANEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mrinalini Bhosale ◽  
Snehal Kulkarni ◽  
Shubham Bhosale ◽  
Ayesha Shaikh ◽  
Subhash Padhye
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Problems

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical problems. Several drugs are available for treating SCD, these medicines are insufficiently effective, toxic, or too expensive to be used. So there is a need to arise a safe, effective, and inexpensive therapeutic agent from indigenous plants used in ethnomedicines. SCD is affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to lack of progress in drug discovery and appropriate treatment methods, victims often turn to traditional Ayurvedic medicines that take advantage of the plant extracts. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been thought worldwide, most especially in patients with chronic diseases. SCD is one of such chronic diseases. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) has been treated for ages with natural products, especially herbs and Ayurvedic medicines worldwide. The proven medicines for sickle cell anemia includes, the use of hydroxyurea, folic acid and amino acids supplementation that manage the condition of blood transfusions and stabilize the patient’s hemoglobin level. But these clinical treatments are quite expensive and have attendant risk factors. As a research for medicinal plants into anti-sickling properties has been satisfy, so the alternative therapy of using phytomedicines has proven to reduce the crisis and reverse for sickling of RBC’s. As the use of medicinal plants and nutrition in managing SCD is gaining attention so the enormous benefits of phyto-medicine and nutraceuticals are discussed in this paper. Here in we have summarized the use of tradition Ayurvedic medicines in treating SCA.

An Insight on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Use of Herbal Medicines as Alternative Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-163
Author(s):  
Sowmya Kiran Rao
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

One of the most common endocrine disorder in females during reproductive age which leads to infertility, metabolic derangements, and also psychological impairments is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This syndrome has been known to increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, lipid disorders, and also autoimmune thyroiditis. Impending complication list includes malignancies like breast and endometrial cancer. The actual cause of this syndrome is unknown, and perhaps, it could be due to a combination of various unmodifiable genetic factors and modifiable environmental factors. Several research studies have been carried out on management of PCOS, and many medicinal plants have been used as an alternative therapy for oligo/amenorrhoea, hyperandrogenism, and PCOS in women. The chapter gives an insight on PCOS, its management, and elucidates the effects of medicinal plants on PCOS.

scholarly journals Phytomedicines and Nutraceuticals: Alternative Therapeutics for Sickle Cell Anemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi Awa Imaga
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Beta Globin ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Gene Encoding

Sickle cell anemia is a genetically inherited disease in which the “SS” individual possesses an abnormal beta globin gene. A single base substitution in the gene encoding the humanβ-globin subunit results in replacement ofβ6 glutamic acid by valine, leading to the devastating clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease. This substitution causes drastic reduction in the solubility of sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) when deoxygenated. Under these conditions, the HbS molecules polymerize to form long crystalline intracellular mass of fibers which are responsible for the deformation of the biconcave disc shaped erythrocyte into a sickle shape. First-line clinical management of sickle cell anemia include, use of hydroxyurea, folic acid, amino acids supplementation, penicillinprophylaxis, and antimalarial prophylaxis to manage the condition and blood transfusions to stabilize the patient's hemoglobin level. These are quite expensive and have attendant risk factors. However, a bright ray of hope involving research into antisickling properties of medicinal plants has been rewarding. This alternative therapy using phytomedicines has proven to not only reduce crisis but also reverse sickling (in vitro). The immense benefits of phytomedicines and nutraceuticals used in the management of sickle cell anemia are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity among Angolan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5417
Author(s):  
Mariana Delgadinho ◽  
Catarina Ginete ◽  
Brígida Santos ◽  
Armandina Miranda ◽  
Miguel Brito
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Monogenic Disease ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Blood Disorder

Background. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder that affects over 300,000 newborns worldwide every year, being particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite being a monogenic disease, SCA shows a remarkably high clinical heterogeneity. Several studies have already demonstrated the existence of some polymorphisms that can provide major clinical benefits, producing a mild phenotype. Moreover, the existence of distinct haplotypes can also influence the phenotype patterns of certain populations, leading to different clinical manifestations. Our aim was to assess the association between polymorphisms in genes previously related to SCA disease severity in an Angolan pediatric population. Methods. This study analyzed clinical and biological data collected from 192 Angolan children. Using NGS data, we classified the HBB haplotypes based on four previously described SNPs (rs3834466, rs28440105, rs10128556, and rs968857) and the genotype for the SNPs in HBG2 (rs7482144), BCL11A (rs4671393, rs11886868, rs1427407, rs7557939), HBS1L-MYB (rs66650371) and BGLT3 (rs7924684) genes. Results. The CAR haplotype was undoubtedly the most common HBB haplotype in our population. The HbF values and the ratio of gamma chains were statistically significant for almost all of the variants studied. We reported for the first time an association between rs7924684 in the BGLT3 gene and gamma chains ratio. Conclusions. The current findings emphasize the importance personalized medicine would have if applied to SCA patient care, since some of the variants studied might predict the phenotype and the overall response to treatment.

scholarly journals Case Report on Sickle Cell Anemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Saloni Moon ◽  
Kavita Gomase
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Body Ache

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia is a kind of anemia caused by a virus a homozygous HbS mutation (HbSS). Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a congenital blood illness that has an impact children. It is inherited from a parent’s DNA. SCD patients produce an abnormal kind of hemoglobin. This is the oxygen-transporting protein found in red blood cells. SCD causes a lack of oxygen in organs and tissues of the body. Clinical Findings: Fever, Cough and cold, pain in lower extremities, Bodyache , Fatigue and Anemia (6.3 gm/). Diagnostic Evaluation:   Blood test: Hb -6.3gm%, Total RBC count -2.2millions/cu mm, RDW- 18.2%, HCT-20.2%, Total WBC count 3000/cu mm, Monocytes 02%, Granulocytes 20%, Lymphocytes 77%, AST(SGOT) – 110 UL. Peripheral Smear: RBC mild hypochromic with mild cytosis which show few microcytic and mildly Hypochromic. Platelets – Reduced on smear, APC -60,000 cells. Ultrasonography: Splenomegaly. Therapeutic Interventions:  Blood transfusion, Inj. Cefotaxime 750 mg IV x BD, Syr. Azee 4ml x OD, Tab. Folic Acid 5 mg x OD, Tab. Udiliv 150mg x BD, Cap. Hydra 500 mg x OD. Outcome: After treatment, the child show improvement. His fever and body ache, cough and cold fatigue and pain in hands and leg were relieved and his Hb% increased from 6.4 gm% to 11 gm% after blood transfusion. Conclusion:  My patient was admitted to Pediatric Ward No- 22 in AVBRH with a known case of SCA   kind of anemia a body in which he had complaint fever and body ache, cough and cold fatigue and pain in hands and leg. After getting appropriate treatment his condition was improved.

scholarly journals IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND LIPID PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi A O ◽  
Oyebanji O G
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Blood Disorder

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin and associated with some acute and chronic health problems such as severe infections, severe pain (sickle cell crisis), and stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and the lipid profile in children with SCD in Ekiti state, Nigeria.Methods: Samples of 200 children (120 sickle celled and 80 healthy children) between the ages of 1–8 years old were collected from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti and Federal Medical Centre, Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Plasma Ig (IgM and IgG) and lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and triacylglycerol [TG]) were evaluated in patients’ blood sample using standard established methods. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (P<0.05).Results: Sickle-celled children showed a significant reduction in the levels of Ig (IgM and IgG). Furthermore, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and TG showed significant higher value whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly reduced in sickle-celled patients compared with nonsickle-celled patients.Conclusion: It is understood that sickle cell is detrimental to immunoglobins and metabolic profile. These biochemical makers determined were implicated in children with sickle cell anemia.

Prevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia in Association of Plasmodium falciparum from Rajnandgaon, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
◽  
Tripathi S ◽  
Mishra N ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Central India ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Slide Test ◽  
Electrophoresis System

Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder resulting from the inheritance of abnormal genes from parents. It is caused due to mutation in the β-globulin gene. Sickle cell anemia is widespread across the world and in Central India. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of the disorder in the Rajnandgaon district of Central India. A random sampling of 6088 people was done to test the sickle cell anemia problem by slide test method and a total of 249 (4.09%) people were found sickled positive. Further electrophoresis test was performed for all 249 of which 67 were found homozygous (HbSS) and 182 were found heterozygous (HbAS) positive. Besides the above analysis, chloroquine prophylaxis associated with a high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T mutation in people (n=26) with sickle cell anemia was also analyzed. The genotype of the subject was screened using the hemoglobin electrophoresis system and the P. falciparum Pfcrt genotyping was carried out using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). The prevalence rate of Pfcrt K76T mutant gene was proportionately found higher in the hemoglobin SS (n=40, m=32, r=0.67) genotype individuals than the hemoglobin AS (n=52, m= 27, r=0.519) and AA (n=182, m= 68, r= 0.37).

scholarly journals A Novel Technique of Spectral Discrimination of Variants of Sickle Cell Anemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadivel Masilamani ◽  
Sandanasamy Devanesan ◽  
Fatma AlQathani ◽  
Mashael AlShebly ◽  
Hebatullah Hassan Daban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Blood Disorders ◽  
Spectral Technique ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
Time Period

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder with worldwide incidence of 15%; out of this, it is found in up to 20% in countries like Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The standard conventional method of detection is complete blood count (CBC) followed by hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or both. In this context, spectral detection of variants of sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an innovative technique, which when made accurate and reliable could be an effective alternative, since the instrumentation is compact (5 kg) and hence portable. This makes mass screening even in remote villages possible. In this paper, we give the essential aspects of fluorescent spectral features of sickle cell trait (SCT), sickle cell disease (SCD), beta (β) thalassemia trait (BTT) + SCD, and beta (β) thalassemia disease (BTD) + SCD. All the above four major variants could be discriminated among themselves and also from the normal control blood sample. All these analyses could be carried out with 5 ml of blood, in a time period of 10 minutes. The results of this paper give strong support for an alternative method, a spectral technique, for molecular-level diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and other closely related blood disorders.

Nitric Oxide: An Introductory Primer.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. sci-47-sci-47
Author(s):  
Walter H. Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Renal Lesion ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
Right Ventricular Strain ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

As humans evolved in an atmosphere in which the most plentiful gases are Nitrogen and Oxygen, it is not surprising that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in human physiology. Originally described as an “endothelial relaxing factor,” we now recognize NO as not only a neurotransmitter, but also an important agent in blood physiology and vascular biology. In this symposium, three experts in NO research discuss emerging knowledge of NO’s role in hematology and transfusion medicine. NO is derived from arginine by three isoforms of NO synthetase, including NOS3 found in endothelial cells. NO binds avidly to free hemoglobin (Hg) through several chemical interactions, some of which depend upon the degree of oxygen saturation of Hg. Scavenging of NO by free plasma Hg accounts for the hypertensive effects of RBC substitutes and likely contributes to the renal lesion that accompanies acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Under non-hemolytic conditions, the RBC membrane plays an important role to limit scavenging of endothelial-derived NO by Hg. The importance of disrupted NO physiology is exemplified by sickle cell anemia, in which chronic intravascular hemolysis, abnormal hemoglobin shape change during deoxygenation, and membrane abnormalities may all contribute to the disruption of NO physiology. Reduced NO in sickle cell anemia may contribute pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular strain, vasculopathy, and thrombosis. A better understanding of the role of NO in sickle cell anemia holds promise for new therapeutic approaches to this devastating blood disorder. Recent research is exploring changes in the concentration of NO that occur in stored red cells prior to and following transfusion. Whether or not these changes may account for clinical effects of blood transfusion is an area of active investigation. NO also plays a fundamental role in platelet physiology where it serves to reduce platelet activation. Thus, depletion of NO during intravascular hemolysis promotes a thrombotic signal. Examples may include TTP, transfusion reactions, PNH, DIC, sickle cell anemia, and others. The molecular mechanism of NO’s action on platelets, including its effects on vesicle and protein trafficking within the cell, is the subject of active research that will be summarized. Attendees of this symposium should gain new insights into the important role that NO plays in blood, vascular, and transfusion physiology.

scholarly journals Engaging caregivers and providers of children with sickle cell anemia in shared decision-making for hydroxyurea (ENGAGE HU): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Hood ◽  
Heather Strong ◽  
Cara Nwankwo ◽  
Yolanda Johnson ◽  
James Peugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Blood Disorder

UNSTRUCTURED Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder that places children at risk for serious medical complications, early morbidity and mortality, and high healthcare utilization. Until recently, hydroxyurea was the only disease-modifying treatment for this life-threatening disease and has remained the only option for children less than five years of age. Evidence-based guidelines recommend using a shared decision-making approach to offer hydroxyurea to children with SCA (HbSS or HbS/β0thalassemia) as early as nine months of age. However, uptake remains suboptimal, likely because caregivers lack information about hydroxyurea and have concerns about its safety and potential long-term side effects. Moreover, clinicians do not routinely receive training or the tools to facilitate a shared discussion with caregivers, especially one that provides medical evidence and considers caregivers’ preferences and values. Methods and Analysis: We designed our study to compare the effectiveness of two methods for disseminating hydroxyurea guidelines to facilitate shared decision-making: 1) a clinician pocket guide (i.e., usual care), and 2) a clinician hydroxyurea shared decision-making toolkit (H-SDM toolkit). Our primary outcomes are caregiver reports of decisional uncertainty and knowledge of hydroxyurea. The study also assesses the number of children (aged 0 – 5 years) offered and prescribed hydroxyurea and resultant health outcomes. The long-term objective of this research is to improve the quality of care for children with SCA. Using multicomponent dissemination methods developed in partnership with key stakeholders and designed to address barriers to high-quality care, caregivers of patients with SCA have the opportunity to make informed and shared decisions about their health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03442114. Registered February 28th, 2018.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document