scholarly journals Oesterreich ist eben Oesterreich

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-205
Author(s):  
Imre Tarafás
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
National Community ◽  
The One

The study offers a comparative analysis of historical grand récits written during the period of the Austro–Hungarian Empire in the imperial center, Hungary and Bohemia. On the one hand, the study focuses on different strategies of legitimizing the existence of the empire from Austro-German historians and, on the other, on how compatible these historical visions were with those of Hungarian and Czech scholars. Rather than seeing “imperial” and “national” histories as isolated, by genre different narratives, our aim is to study them as community histories which have serious implications for each other: smaller (national) community histories for the larger (imperial) community, and vice versa. The study does not only rely on the analysis of these community histories, but aims to situate them in the larger context of the historical argumentation of the contemporary political discourse, as well as the central notions with which loyalty to Austria could be expressed. According to the conclusion of the study, there is no discernible common ground for Austro-German historians in terms of defining the mission and essence of Austria or even for basic notions describing the empire’s past. Also, their definitions of crucial notions such as the “nation” significantly contradicted the major Hungarian master narratives.

On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard A. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Symbol Systems ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Although the term “ideology” is ubiquitous in modern political discourse, it is used in diverse and usually ambiguous ways which limit its value as an analytical concept. The main ambiguity arises from the fact that, as most writers use it, the concept of ideology does not provide criteria for distinguishing ideological thought from nonideological thought. Lacking this power to make concrete discriminations, the concept fails to achieve empirical relevance. This paper attempts to remedy that deficiency and save the concept of ideology for the explanation of politics.The problem of conceptualization is approached by viewing ideology primarily as a cultural phenomenon. As such, it is argued, ideology has characteristics that distinguish it from other symbol systems. Of special importance in this regard is the identification of basic differentia between ideology on the one hand, and myth and Utopia (with which ideology is often confused) on the other. The features of ideology identified in this comparative analysis are then discussed in fuller detail with a view to understanding (1) the significance of ideology in politics, and (2) the way in which the concept of ideology can help us to understand politics, insofar as politics involves ideology.

scholarly journals Representing the victorious past: Chinese revolutionary TV drama between propaganda and marketization

2021 ◽  
pp. 016344372110227
Author(s):  
Yingzi Wang ◽  
Thoralf Klein
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Revolutionary History ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the changes and continuities in TV representations of Chinese Communist Party’s revolutionary history and interprets them within the broader context of China’s political, economic and cultural transformations since the 1990s. Drawing on a comparative analysis of three state-sponsored TV dramas produced between the late 1990s and mid-2010s, it traces how the state-sanctioned revolutionary narratives have changed over time in response to the Party’s propaganda imperatives on the one hand, and to the market-oriented production environment on the other. The paper argues that while recent TV productions in the new century have made increasing concessions to audience taste by adopting visually stimulating depictions and introducing fictional characters as points of identification for the audience, the revolutionary narratives were still aligned with the Party’s propaganda agenda at different times. This shows the ongoing competition between ideological and commercial interests in Chinese TV production during the era of market reforms.

Fielding and Richardson

PMLA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
William Park
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
General Type ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

But the Discovery [of when to laugh and when to cry] was reserved for this Age, and there are two Authors now living in this Metropolis, who have found out the Art, and both brother Biographers, the one of Tom Jones, and the other of Clarissa.author of Charlotte SummersRather than discuss the differences which separate Fielding and Richardson, I propose to survey the common ground which they share with each other and with other novelists of the 1740's and 50's. In other words I am suggesting that these two masters, their contemporaries, and followers have made use of the same materials and that as a result the English novels of the mid-eighteenth century may be regarded as a distinct historic version of a general type of literature. Most readers, it seems to me, do not make this distinction. They either think that the novel is always the same, or they believe that one particular group of novels, such as those written in the early twentieth century, is the form itself. In my opinion, however, we should think of the novel as we do of the drama. No one kind of drama, such as Elizabethan comedy or Restoration comedy, is the drama itself; instead, each is a particular manifestation of the general type. Each kind bears some relationship to the others, but at the same time each has its own identity, which we usually call its conventions. By conventions I mean not only stock characters, situations, and themes, but also notions and assumptions about the novel, human nature, society, and the cosmos itself. If we compare one kind of novel to another without first considering the conventions of each, we are likely to make the same mistake that Thomas Rymer did when he blamed Shakespeare for not conforming to the canons of classical French drama.

scholarly journals Analysing and Comparing Warrantless Tax Inspections and Searches

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Fareed Moosa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
The One ◽  
Relevant Material

Sections 45 and 63 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (TAA) confer drastic information gathering powers on officials of the South African Revenue Service (SARS). On the one hand, section 45 permits warrantless routine (non-targeted) and non-routine (targeted) inspections by a SARS official in respect of records, books of accounts and documents found at premises where a taxpayer is reasonably believed to be conducting a trade or enterprise. The purpose of such inspection is to determine whether there has been compliance with specific obligations by the taxpayer. Section 63, on the other hand, permits, on the grounds of urgency and expediency in exceptional circumstances only, warrantless non-routine (targeted) searches by a senior SARS official of a taxpayer and of third parties associated with a taxpayer, as well as searches of a taxpayer's premises and those of third parties. In addition, section 63 permits the seizure of relevant material found at premises searched. All searches and seizures must occur for the purposes of the efficient and effective administration of tax Acts generally. A comparative analysis of sections 45 and 63 of the TAA reveals the existence of key differences in the substance and practical operation of their provisions. This article distils these differences through an in-depth discussion of the nature and extent of the powers of inspection and search conferred by these provisions, as well as by conceptualising the terms “inspection” and “search” for the purposes of sections 45 and 63 respectively.    

scholarly journals Rhetoric, discourse and the hermeneutics of public speech

Politics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026339572093377
Author(s):  
James Martin
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

What insights and advantages do rhetorical approaches offer over other methods of exploring social and political discourse? This article aims to clarify the contribution of rhetorical analysis by exploring its distinctive, hermeneutic attention to public speech. Public speaking is, accordingly, viewed as a practice of assembling meaningful interpretations in specific situations. Central here is a temporal dimension. Analysing rhetoric involves grasping discourse, on the one hand, as concretely situated in response to proximate constraints and, on the other hand, as a medium to move beyond the situation towards a future. Following John Caputo’s reading of Derrida, I argue that, examined rhetorically, public speech enacts a ‘negotiation’ of past and future, intertwining conditional – and hence partially calculable – positions with an ‘unconditional promise’ to prepare for what comes. Although compatible with other approaches, rhetorical analysis is uniquely attuned to this intrinsically ethical and political quality of discursive action.

The Dynamics of Environmental Campaigns

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Porta ◽  
Dieter Rucht
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Campaigns ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Environmental movements and their activities are studied from various angles, by different methods, and at different levels. While both detailed studies on single incidents of conflict and broad overviews of movements are available, relatively little work has been done at the intermediate level between these extremes. We argue that it is fruitful to engage at this level by undertaking comparative analysis of environmental campaigns. Such studies could help deal with inconclusive observations and findings on the changes of environmental movements during the last three decades. We hypothesize that indeed environmental activism has changed remarkably. By and large, conflicts are no longer marked by a relatively simple constellation of one challenger facing one target or opponent. Instead, we find a complex web of involved actors reaching from local to international levels. These actors tend to form broad alliances, and to link on different issues. Also, their activities are not restricted to only one arena or strategy but involve all available channels, arenas, and action repertoires to have an impact. Quite often, we observe loose coalitions of groups that act in an implicit division of labor, thereby playing on their respective backgrounds, foci, and experiences. Given the variety of actors, their organizational forms and tactics on the one hand and their different contexts on the other, it is unlikely that a common pattern of conflict will emerge across various issues and geographical areas. This is all the more true when comparing environmental conflicts in the Western and Non-Western world.

On the interaction of core and emergent common ground in Internet memes

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interactive Dynamics ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Form

Abstract Internet memes are meaningful objects of diverse shapes that spread across networks of mediated participation (term from Milner 2012: 10). The distribution and reception of memes bears aspects of communicative interaction, because memes establish usage conventions. This paper will be concerned with the pragmatics of Internet memes. Given that flexibility, novelty and originality are driving forces in meme culture, the question arises how traditional pragmatic notions like recipient design and common ground can be said to apply for the interaction with memes. Kecskes’ (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014; Kecskes and Zhang 2009) distinction between core common ground and emergent common ground will be discussed and put to use for an explanation of the complex interactive dynamics of Internet communication. This modern form of communication oscillates between reference to shared cultural contents and the establishment and perpetuation of conventions on the one hand, and the pursuit of originality on the other hand. This paper will demonstrate how memes can vary with respect to the degree to which they require core common ground or the generation of emergent common ground for their proper usage. The scale presented as a result of the discussion represents a continuum of the prevalence of semantics versus pragmatics involved in the usage and interpretation of memes.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH HEADLINES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Елена Николаевна Мозжегорова ◽  
Елена Николаевна Засецкова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию проблемы перевода англоязычного заголовка на русский язык с целью выявления его особенностей и привлекаемых переводческих приемов. Авторами подчеркивается актуальность проведенного исследования ввиду растущей потребности быстрого и качественного перевода публицистических текстов и собственно заголовков как ключевого элемента публикации. В работе приводятся определения понятия «заголовок»; выделяются его функции; подчеркивается противоречивый характер заголовка: он может выступать как самостоятельная речевая единица и как равноправный элемент произведения; раскрываются особенности англоязычного заголовка, а также особенности газетно-информационного стиля современного английского языка. Авторы подробно рассматривают переводческие трансформации, привлекаемые для перевода англоязычных заголовков на русский язык, на примере заголовков периодических изданий Великобритании и США. На основе сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа текстов оригинала и перевода авторам удалось выявить лексические, грамматические и стилистические особенности, используемые в англоязычных газетных изданиях. В статье отмечается ключевая роль заголовка в произведении, а также факт особой ответственности в части перевода данного элемента произведения, поскольку именно корректно составленный и переведенный заголовок обеспечивает привлекательность и конкурентоспособность публикации в целом. The article is devoted to the problem of translation of English headlines into Russian to identify headline peculiarities and employed translation shifts. The authors stress the relevance of the conducted study due to the growing need for quick and high quality translation of social-political texts and headlines playing a key role in them. The paper provides a number of definitions for the term «headline»; points out the functions of the headline; stresses the controversial character of the headline: on the one hand, it is an independent speech unit, and on the other hand, it can be treated as an equal element of a text; identifies the peculiarities of English headlines as well as the peculiarities of the newspaper style of the modern English language. The authors look into the translation transformations employed when translating English headlines into Russian as exemplified by the British and American periodicals. Basing on the comparative analysis of the source texts and translations, the authors managed to identify some lexical, grammar, and stylistic peculiarities employed in the English newspapers. The article also notes the key role of the headline and the significance of its translation since it is a correctly composed and then translated headline which provides the attractiveness and competitiveness of a published work.

scholarly journals The Memory of Communist Poland in the Third Polish Republic. A Tentative Systematisation

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Jerzy Łazor ◽  
Wojciech Morawski
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
The One

The political discourse in Poland in the final years before the fall of communism in 1989, was based on a strong opposition between the authorities and the rest of society. Even then, however, support for the opposition was not unanimous, and it was even less so in previous years. Most Poles considered the communist system forced, exogenous, oppressive, unacceptable, and supported by the Soviet threat. Still, individual reactions were varied: there were different paths to be taken through communism. The authors of the paper discuss how these paths contributed to differing recollections of the period. They focus on the collective memory of political parties and politicians, particularly on the controversial question of collaborating with the communist regime and the rights to veteran status among the former opposition members. It is a story of two types of memory: the one stressing reconciliation and the other pushing the distinction between former regime representatives and democratic opposition members

scholarly journals (Un)translatability revisited: transmetic and intertextual puns in Viktor Pelevin’s Generation “P” and its translations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Ivashkiv
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The One

Babylen Tatarsky, the protagonist in Russian writer Viktor Pelevin's novel Generation “P” (translated into English by Andrew Bromfield as Homo Zapiens), works to adapt American advertisements for the Russian market and witnesses how the reality of Russia’s tumultuous 1990s is replaced by a consumer-driven television simulation. Puns in the advertising slogans that Tatarsky translates, interspersed throughout Generation “P”, are central to its plot. Some of these puns exhibit greater sophistication than others: in addition to utilizing homonymy, homophony, homography, paronymy, and polysemy, they involve transmesis, multilingualism, and intertextuality. This article compares how Pelevin’s translators (English, German, Polish, Spanish, and French) approached these difficult puns. The objective of this comparative analysis is to demonstrate how the intertext(s) evoked through wordplay may, on the one hand, impede translation, but, on the other, open avenues for creative solutions, by producing new traces and echoes of meaning that make the act of translation possible. The issues raised by the various translations point to a need to re-examine the roles and tasks of the translator and underscore the importance of keeping the (un)translatability debate open. Ultimately, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing reconceptualization of what literary translation is and, especially, what it does: with texts, readers, literatures, and, above all, with language.

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