scholarly journals The history of the F. Erisman Institute of Public Health and its directions of activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko ◽  
A. Ya. Mindlina ◽  
R. V. Polibin ◽  
P. D. Lopukhov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology

In 2020, exactly 90 years have passed since the first sanitary faculty in the history of medical education (F. ErismannInstitute of Public Health, nowadays) was found in the 1st Moscow Medical Institute (Sechenov University, nowadays).The history of the faculty unites the names of prominent scientists in the field of preventive medicine: F. Erismann, N.A. Semashko, A.V. Molkov, A.N. Sysin, E.M. Tareev and many, many others. New challenges to public health continueto appear in our time. The direction of “preventive medicine” has become more important than ever in the context of a pandemic of infection caused by the novel coronavirus (COronaVIrus Disease-19, COVID-19). The issues of epidemiologyand hygiene have become extremely relevant for doctors of any profile, not only for preventive ones (epidemiologists and hygienists). The strategic task today is to increase the “preventive medicine” specialty’s authority. It is also important to preserve and enhance the domestic experience of studying the disciplines of preventive medicine, harmonizing the content of educational programs with the world community. Research work at the Institute is carried out in 4 main areas of preventive medicine and public health: epidemiology, public health, microbiology, and hygiene.This review presents the main historical milestones in the development of teaching the specialty “preventive medicine” at the Sechenov University, the current state, and prospects for further development.

scholarly journals Graphical Trajectory Comparison to Identify Errors in Data of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Lan Yao ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Jim Y. Wan ◽  
Scott C. Howard ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Data from the early stage of a novel infectious disease outbreak provide vital information in risk assessment, prediction, and precise disease management. Since the first reported case of COVID-19, the pattern of the novel coronavirus transmission in Wuhan has become the interest of researchers in epidemiology and public health. To thoroughly map the mechanism of viral spreading, we used the patterns of data at the early onset of COVID-19 from seven countries to estimate the time lag between peak days of cases and deaths. This study compared these data with those of Wuhan and estimated the natural history of disease across the infected population and the time lag. The findings suggest that comparative analyses of data from different regions and countries reveal the differences between peaks of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19 and the incomplete and underestimated cases in Wuhan. Different countries may show different patterns of cases peak days, deaths peak days, and peak periods. Error in the early COVID-19 statistics in Brazil was identified. This study provides sound evidence for policymakers to understand the local circumstances in diagnosing the health of a population and propose precise and timely public health interventions to control and prevent infectious diseases.

scholarly journals A Failure of Political Communication Not a Failure of Bureaucracy: The Danger of Presidential Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Incorrect Information

President Trump’s communications during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic violate principles of public health, such as practicing transparency and deferring to medical experts. Moreover, the president’s communications are dangerous and misleading, and his lack of leadership during the crisis limits the nation’s response to the problem, increases political polarization around public health issues of social distancing, and spreads incorrect information about health-related policies and medical procedures. To correct the dangerous path that the nation is on, the administration needs to adopt a more expert-centered approach to the crisis, and President Trump needs to practice compassion, empathy, and transparency in his communications.

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: EAST AND WEST STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (09) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Aziza Komilovna Akhmedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal ◽  
The Ideal

The article analyzes the results of the research on the representation of the aesthetic ideal through the image of the ideal hero in two national literatures. For research purposes, attention was paid to highlighting the category of the ideal hero as an expression of the author's aesthetic views. In Sinclair Lewis’s “Arrowsmith” and Pirimkul Kodirov's “The Three Roots”, the protagonists artistically reflect the authors' views on truth, virtue, and beauty. In these novels, professional ethics is described as a high noble value. The scientific novelty of the research work includes the following: in the evolution of western and eastern poetic thought, in the context of the novel genre, the skill, common and distinctive aspects of the creation of an ideal hero were revealed by synthesis of effective methods in world science with literary criteria in the history of eastern and western literary studies, in the example of Sinclair Lewis and Pirimkul Kodirov.

scholarly journals Respiratory Care in Corona

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
Mustafa Amdani, Dr. Swaroopa Chakole
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The expanse of the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is huge. The impact is multispectral and affected almost all aspects of human life. SUMMARY Respiratory impact of the COVID-19 is the most felt and widely reported impact. As the novel coronavirus maintained its history of affecting lungs as seen previously in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Ventilators and oxygen support system are required mostly in comorbid patients particularly amongpatientsbearing illnesses like asthma, bronchial impairment and so on. CONCLUSION More study needs to be done in order to assess the impact on the respiratory functioning of the body. Respiratory care must be including proper instruments so that more efficient result can be obtained. Research is needed to promote the invention of specific therapy for targeted action for respiratory functioning improvement.

Curating the Evidence About COVID-19 for Frontline Public Health and Clinical Care: The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110587
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Redd ◽  
Lauren S. Peetluk ◽  
Brooke A. Jarrett ◽  
Colleen Hanrahan ◽  
Sheree Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The public health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing the public health and medical response to the pandemic. However, early in the pandemic, those working in frontline public health and clinical care had insufficient time to parse the rapidly evolving evidence and use it for decision-making. Academics in public health and medicine were well-placed to translate the evidence for use by frontline clinicians and public health practitioners. The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), a group of >60 faculty and trainees across the United States, formed in March 2020 with the goal to quickly triage and review the large volume of preprints and peer-reviewed publications on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and summarize the most important, novel evidence to inform pandemic response. From April 6 through December 31, 2020, NCRC teams screened 54 192 peer-reviewed articles and preprints, of which 527 were selected for review and uploaded to the NCRC website for public consumption. Most articles were peer-reviewed publications (n = 395, 75.0%), published in 102 journals; 25.1% (n = 132) of articles reviewed were preprints. The NCRC is a successful model of how academics translate scientific knowledge for practitioners and help build capacity for this work among students. This approach could be used for health problems beyond COVID-19, but the effort is resource intensive and may not be sustainable in the long term.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on community health: A systematic review of a population of 82 million

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Ahammed Mekkodathil ◽  
Edwin R. Van Teijlingen ◽  
Supram Hosuru Subramanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Community Health ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is exponentially spreading across the globe. As there is paucity of published literature, the influence of COVID-19 on community health remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the impact of COVID-19 on community health. The current systematic review was performed utilizing electronic databases, i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We searched for the keywords "COVID-19" AND "community health" between January 1, 2020, until May 10, 2020. Although, limited evidence is available regarding quarantine to prevent COVID‐19, most studies considered quarantine as an essential public health measure to minimize rate of infection and mortality. Under these circumstances, people should focus on maintaining personal hygiene, proper nutrition, and extreme social distancing to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Besides, that there is a need to provide professional psychological support to reduce mental ill-health. We have highlighted two different public health approaches in South Asian countries, namely Nepal and India.

scholarly journals A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. Choi ◽  
MarySue V. Heilemann ◽  
Alex Fauer ◽  
Meredith Mead
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Nurse Leaders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Health Challenge

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health challenge. There is risk that the outbreak will create a “second pandemic” of mental health crises in health systems and communities. Thus, a comprehensive public health response to the pandemic must include (a) attention to the psychological aspects of hospitalization for patients, families, and staff affected by COVID-19; (b) planning for emergency and acute psychiatric patient care if hospitals become overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients; and (c) innovations for providing mental health care in communities while social distancing is required and health system resources are strained. Nurses and nurse leaders must anticipate these mental health challenges, assist with preparedness in health systems and communities, and advocate for a coordinated response to promote mental wellness and resilience.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Dena Lyras
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Local Part ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

As we begin 2020, Microbiology is dominating the news with the emergence and rapid dissemination of the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on public health, with significant financial, logistical and social repercussions, has quickly become apparent. As microbiologists we have an important role to play during this time because we can use our knowledge, expertise and experience to educate the community around us, and to reduce the panic that results from fear and misinformation. It is also critical that we ensure that racial groups are not stigmatised because of an infectious disease. A co-ordinated global effort is required to tackle this new infectious threat, and we are an important local part of this effort. It is also important to develop strategies that can be deployed when the next threat emerges, as it surely will.

scholarly journals Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Cheval ◽  
Cristian Mihai Adamescu ◽  
Teodoro Georgiadis ◽  
Mathew Herrnegger ◽  
Adrian Piticar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years.

scholarly journals NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (2019-nCoV): DISEASE BRIEFINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
KANAAN AL-TAMEEMI ◽  
RAIAAN KABAKLI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus (CoV) (2019‐nCoV) is a large, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. The abnormal outbreak of 2019‐nCoV in Wuhan warns of the risk of CoV (2019‐nCoV) to public health which causes viral pneumonia outbreak. In our review, we will discuss the biology of CoVs and the potential risk of the novel CoV (2019‐nCoV) and guide us to strategic objectives for controlling the virus.

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