scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF REGULATIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF MISDEMEANOR COURTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Mladen Jeličić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Issue ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Practice

The author analyzes the always current issue of application and interpretation of regulations in the practice of misdemeanor courts. The scope and complexity of the matter in which misdemeanor courts act is pointed out, but also the fact that shortcomings in the regulation of regulations represent a major problem in court practice. The subject of the author's interest are the basic principles of application of law as the basic activity of misdemeanor courts, which is why the structure of the legal norm and the distinction between factual and legal issues are considered. Then, the notion of court interpretation of regulations was analyzed and attention was drawn to the dangers of applying the analogy in substantive misdemeanor law. The author considered the issues of court interpretation of regulations which provide for the objective responsibility of a natural person and different interpretations of regulations as the cause of uneven court practice. Numerous court decisions listed in the paper served as a basis to point out the importance of court interpretation of legal institutes for misdemeanor liability. Through the theoretical aspect and rich case law, the author analyzed some controversial issues and offered solutions to the problem, concluding that judges of misdemeanor courts in their daily work have great challenges related to the application and interpretation of regulations.

Performance Management Transformation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

No other talent process has been the subject of such great debate and emotion as performance management (PM). For decades, different strategies have been tried to improve PM processes, yielding an endless cycle of reform to capture the next “flavor-of-the-day” PM trend. The past 5 years, however, have brought novel thinking that is different from past trends. Companies are reducing their formal processes, driving performance-based cultures, and embedding effective PM behavior into daily work rather than relying on annual reviews to drive these. Through case studies provided from leading organizations, this book illustrates the range of PM processes that companies are using today. These show a shift away from adopting someone else’s best practice; instead, companies are designing bespoke PM processes that fit their specific strategy, climate, and needs. Leading PM thought leaders offer their views about the state of PM today, what we have learned and where we need to focus future efforts, including provocative new research that shows what matters most in driving high performance. This book is a call to action for talent management professionals to go beyond traditional best practice and provide thought leadership in designing PM processes and systems that will enhance both individual and organizational performance.

Does the Injunction Gap Violate Implementers’ Fair Trial Rights Under the ECHR?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léon E Dijkman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Federal Supreme ◽  
Validity Of A Patent

Abstract Germany is one of few jurisdictions with a bifurcated patent system, under which infringement and validity of a patent are established in separate proceedings. Because validity proceedings normally take longer to conclude, it can occur that remedies for infringement are imposed before a decision on the patent’s validity is available. This phenomenon is colloquially known as the ‘injunction gap’ and has been the subject of increasing criticism over the past years. In this article, I examine the injunction gap from the perspective of the right to a fair trial enshrined in Art. 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. I find that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights interpreting this provision supports criticism of the injunction gap, because imposing infringement remedies with potentially far-reaching consequences before the validity of a patent has been established by a court of law arguably violates defendants’ right to be heard. Such reliance on the patent office’s grant decision is no longer warranted in the light of contemporary invalidation rates. I conclude that the proliferation of the injunction gap should be curbed by an approach to a stay of proceedings which is in line with the test for stays as formulated by Germany’s Federal Supreme Court. Under this test, courts should stay infringement proceedings until the Federal Patent Court or the EPO’s Board of Appeal have ruled on the validity of a patent whenever it is more likely than not that it will be invalidated.

scholarly journals Cyber Attacks, Information Attacks, and Postmodern Warfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Valuch ◽  
Tomáš Gábriš ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate and differentiate between the phenomena of cyberwarfare and information warfare, as manifestations of what we perceive as postmodern warfare. We describe and analyse the current examples of the use the postmodern warfare and the reactions of states and international bodies to these phenomena. The subject matter of this paper is the relationship between new types of postmodern conflicts and the law of armed conflicts (law of war). Based on ICJ case law, it is clear that under current legal rules of international law of war, cyber attacks as well as information attacks (often performed in the cyberspace as well) can only be perceived as “war” if executed in addition to classical kinetic warfare, which is often not the case. In most cases perceived “only” as a non-linear warfare (postmodern conflict), this practice nevertheless must be condemned as conduct contrary to the principles of international law and (possibly) a crime under national laws, unless this type of conduct will be recognized by the international community as a “war” proper, in its new, postmodern sense.

EL JUEZ COMPETENTE PARA CONOCER DEL PROCEDIMIENTO MONITORIO: CUESTIONES PRÁCTICAS

2010 ◽  
pp. 493-519
Author(s):  
AINHOA GUTIÉRREZ BARRENENGOA
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given

El procedimiento monitorio se concibe en la Ley 1/2000, de Enjuiciamiento Civil como un procedimiento de tutela privilegiada de determinados créditos. Sin embargo, estos postulados se contradicen con los problemas que, en la práctica forense, se han suscitado, en muchos casos, por la determinación de la competencia del órgano que debe conocer del procedimiento. En el presente estudio, se analizan las principales cuestiones que se han suscitado en relación con la determinación de la competencia objetiva y territorial en el procedimiento monitorio, con un repaso crítico de las distintas soluciones doctrinales aportadas, y una revisión de la última doctrina jurisprudencial en la materia. Prozedura monitorioa Prozedura Zibilaren 1/2000 Legeak taxutu zuen, zenbait kredituren tutoretza pribilejiatua izateko prozedura moduan. Hala eta guztiz ere, postulatu horiek ez datoz bat praktika forentsean sortu diren arazoekin; izan ere, maiz, prozedura ezagutu behar duen organoaren eskumena nork duen jakitea ez da gauza argia. Lan honetan, prozedura monitorioaren inguruan eskumen objektiboa eta lurraldekoa zehaztu beharraz sortu diren eztabaida nagusiak aztertzen dira, horri buruz agertu izan diren konponbide doktrinalen azterketa kritikoa eginez, eta gaiari buruzko azken jurisprudentzia-doktrina ere lantzen da. The payment procedure is envisaged by Act 1/2000 on the Civil Procedural Code as a procedure for a privileged guarantee of some debts. However, theses propositions conflict with the problems which arose in practice when deciding the subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction in payments procedures. By this study, main questions regarding the subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction within the payment procedure are analyzed with a critical review of the given different doctrinal solutions and a revision of the last case law doctrine on the topic.

The issues of counteracting with resurgence of crimes: past and present trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Николай Алексеевич Коломытцев
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Judicial Errors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Detention Facilities

Наличие значительного уровня рецидива в стране напрямую связано с весьма низкой (до 47 %) раскрываемостью преступлений. Кроме того, высокий уровень рецидива преступлений свидетельствует о том, что применяемое к осужденным уголовное наказание в виде лишения свободы не всегда оказывает на них должное воспитательное и принудительное воздействие. Эта ситуация обусловлена недостатками деятельности администрации учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Пробелы в законодательстве, ошибки в избрании судом вида и срока наказания сказываются на его эффективности. Рост рецидива преступлений связан и с неблагополучной жизненной ситуацией, в которой часто оказываются освобожденные от отбывания наказания. Все сказанное убедительно подтверждает актуальность и научную новизну данной работы. Целью написания данной статьи является попытка определения комплексной реализации борьбы с рецидивом преступлений. Предмет изучения рецидива преступлений определяется важностью существующих ценностей, причиняемым им ущербом и общественным резонансом в отношении этого явления. Методологическую основу работу составил метод познания, общенаучные и частнонаучные методы изучения. При этом использовались труды отечественных и зарубежных правоведов. В статье автор рассматривает историко-правовой, криминологический, уголовно-правовой и уголовно-исполнительный аспекты рецидива преступлений, анализирует законодательство и судебную практику за длительное время. Приводится понятие указанного социально-правового явления, предлагаются определенные направления его предупреждения. Статья представляет интерес для курсантов, слушателей, студентов юридических вузов, преподавателей и сотрудников правоохранительных органов. The high level of relapse in our country depends on the low crime detection rate (less than 47 %). In this context, ineffective penalization measures for offenders in prison can have an impact on recidivism rates. This fact revealed serious deficiencies in the administration of detention facilities. Gaps in legislation, judicial errors in the sentencing proceeds, incorrect type of punishment and penalty negatively affect the itseffectiveness. Difficult circumstances for discharged prisoners might cause the growth of resurgence. Thus, this article devoted to the topical and innovative issue. The aim of this article is to combat and prevent criminal activities in the area of resurgence. The subject matter of recidivism is determinated by the importance of social values, the harm inflicted, and public outcry provoked with this phenomenon. A methodological framework for this research includes the cognition method, common and private methods. The author used native and foreign scholarly writings. The author researches a historical and legal, criminological, criminal and penal reviews of relapse. He analysis legal rules and case law over a long term. “Resurgence of crimes” is defined. Some means of relapse prevention are supposed. The article might be meaningful for the students and tutors of law faculties, and also for the law enforcement officials.

Datenschutzverstöße des Betriebsrats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenas Tilman Götz
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Works Council ◽  
Liability Risks ◽  
Personal Liability ◽  
Responsible Party

The work takes a comprehensive look at the possible liability in the event of data protection violations by the works council or by individual works council members. The question is of considerable importance in practice because works councils have to deal with numerous data in their daily work. In addition, a personal liability of works council members is possible - even in spite of the alleged clarification in the context of § 79a sentence 2 BetrVG. After a fundamental discussion of the question of whether the works council can be the responsible party within the meaning of Article 4 No. 7 of the GDPR, the work deals with the admissibility of Section 79a sentence 2 of the BetrVG under EU law. The author comes to the conclusion that § 79a S. 2 BetrVG is not compatible with the requirements of EU law and may not be applied due to this illegality of EU law. Existing case law is also comprehensively evaluated in the process.Subsequently, all liability facts of the German Civil Code (BGB) as well as of the GDPR are illuminated. Finally, possible liability risks for employers are discussed. Due to numerous practical examples, the work is ideally suited for practitioners.

main principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Hoshang Farhad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of the article is to investigate the basic principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students. The subject of the research is the institutional practices of re-socialization of foreign students in the conditions of a megalopolis (on the example of Moscow). The results of the work are that the author has studied the basic principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students, they include 2 components, one of which provides the necessary conditioning of the internal state of a person for entering the host society, and the second-actually entering society through following certain trajectories in the social space. Thus, Russian megacities as places of subsequent social adaptation of foreign students are full of more opportunities for successful re-socialization of a criminal than small cities, but they are not without risks.

The Interpretation of some Sexual Offences

1925 ◽  
Vol 71 (294) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Norwood East
Keyword(s):  
Family Physician ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Medical Experience ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family physician is occasionally called into consultation when one of his patients, a hitherto respected citizen, becomes arrested for a sexual offence. In such circumstances the relatives, friends or legal advisers of the accused are often prompted to raise a defence of insanity, mental disorder or defect in answer to the charge. On examination the physician may find such evidence. If not he may regard the patient as being psycho-pathological, but unless he has devoted time to the consideration of the subject, and is also well acquainted with insanity, amentia and border-line states in his daily work, he may not feel sufficient confidence in his general knowledge and medical experience to face with equanimity the prospect of a severe cross-examination in the witness-box on an admittedly difficult and controversial subject. I know the family physician may, in such cases, feel embarrassed, and I propose to attempt to bring before you certain matters for consideration which it seems well to bear in mind when inquiring into the mental condition of persons accused of sexual crime, and which I suggest throw some light upon actions that otherwise appear unusually obscure.

Disagreement in Philosophy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Epistemology Of Disagreement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophical Questions

This article explores the epistemological significance of disagreement in philosophy in the light of some currently prominent theories of disagreement. More specifically, it asks whether the kind of pervasive and intractable disagreement that is characteristic of philosophy warrants a certain kind of skepticism about the subject. Some hold that, given the kind of disagreement found in philosophy, it would be irrational to hold confident views about controversial philosophical questions. According to this line of thought, the rational response to the diversity of opinion within philosophy is that of the philosophical agnostic, who consistently suspends judgment about controversial issues. Against this, it is argued that there is no plausible view about the epistemology of disagreement on which philosophical agnosticism is compelling.

scholarly journals The pre-eminence of patient safety in health care governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Fiona MacVane Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Review Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Review Editor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Care Governance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify a common theme linking the articles in this issue of IJHG. The review editor elucidates on this topic while presenting key findings from the articles which comprise the current issue. Design/methodology/approach The design is a general review describing the articles under review while expanding on the subject matter through reference to other authors. Social implications The Review provides readers with a brief overview of the current articles enabling them to select the ones which reflect their needs or interests. Originality/value IJHG is the only Emerald journal providing a Review section of this type.

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