scholarly journals Smart Culture of Spirulina Using Supernatant of Digested Rotten Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) to Produce Protein, Bio-Fuel and Bio-Electricity

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahsan B. Habib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
Growth Performances

An experiment was conducted for the production of protein, bio-fuel and bio-electricity from the culture system of Spirulina platensis (Gomont) in supernatant of three different amount of digested rotten tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and Kosaric Medium (KM) as control. Three different concentrations such as 25, 50 and 75% rotten tomato were allowed to digest under aeration. After 17 days, the colorless supernatant was screened and taken in 1.0 L conical flask with three replications. Then, Spirulina platensis was inoculated to grow in these three media (treatments) with the addition of 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 and micronutrients, and also in KM as control for a period of 14 days. The cell weight, optical density, chlorophyll a and total biomass of spirulina was attained to the maximum values when grew in KM on the 10th day of culture followed by supernatant of 50% digested rotten tomato (DRT) than in 25 and 75% DRT culture. The chemical properties of the culture media such as pH, salinity, dissolved bio-oxygen, electric conductivity and bio-electricity were increased from first day up to 12th day of experiment. Total biomass of spirulina grown in these media had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with cell weight (r = 0.825) and chlorophyll a (r = 0.866) of spirulina. The results showed that the growth performances of S. platensis grown in supernatant of 50% DRT was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of 25 and 75% DRT. The percentage of crude protein (55.10 ± 0.45 to 59.90 ± 0.33%) of spirulina grown in supernatant of DRT was little bit higher than that of spirulina cultured in KM (58.40 ± 0.38%). But bio-fuel in terms of crude lipids (16.50 ± 0.31%) of spirulina cultured in supernatant of 50% DRT was almost two and half times higher than that of spirulina grown in KM (crude lipids, 6.30 ± 0.21%). Bio-electricity (300 ±10.20 mV) produced in culture of spirulina in supernatant of 50% DRT was higher than that recorded in KM (240 ±10.20 mV) followed by 75% DRT and other media. Bio-electricity had directly and strongly significant (p < 0.001) correlation with pH (r = 0.812), dissolved bio-oxygen (r = 0.832), salinity (r = 0.788) and electric conductivity (r = 0.856). Therefore, this procedure will produce huge amount of electricity in the world and will make a revolution in this field of bio-electricity production. Whole world will be benefited from the output (results) of this experiment.

scholarly journals Smart Production of Lipids as Bio-Fuel in Spirulina Platensis (=Arthrospira Fusiformis), and Bio-Oxygen and Bio-Electricity in Media Cultured in Supernatant of Digested Poultry Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Satter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Media ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

An experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performances and production of bio-fuel of Spirulina platensis (Gomont), and bio-oxygen and bio-electricity of culture media in supernatant of three different amount of digested poultry waste (DPW), and Kosaric medium (KM) as control. Three different amounts (concentrations) such as 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g/L poultry waste were allowed to digest under aeration. After 17 days, 700 ml grayish coloured supernatant was taken with addition of 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 and 0.50 ml/l micronutrient in 2.0 L conical flask with three replications and then autoclaved. Spirulina was inoculated to grow in these three treatments including KM (Control) after 72 hours of autoclave and then allowed to grow for a period of 14 days. This duration was estimated through repeated growth trials. The cell weight of spirulina was attained a maximum of 12.58 ± 1.25 mg/L (dry wt. basis) in KM followed by 11.46 ± 1.03, 9.16 ± 0.84 and 8.13 ± 0.73 mg/L in supernatant of 4.0, 2.0 and 6.0 g/L DPW, respectively on the 10th day of culture. Similar trend was also observed in the cases of optical density of the media contained spirulina, chlorophyll a content (mg/L), cell weight, total biomass (mg/l) and specific growth rates on the basis of cell weight and chlorophyll a. Cell weight of spirulina grown in these media had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with the chlorophyll a content (r = 0.993) of spirulina. Crude protein of spirulina grown in supernatant of DPW was lower than that of spirulina cultured in KM. Crude lipids as bio-fuel of spirulina cultured in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW was almost three times higher than that of spirulina grown in KM which may be due to high phospholipids bioaccumulation. Phosphate-P was decreased in media of DPW due to its use for high lipids biosynthesis as phospholipids. Bio-oxygen was produced higher ranged from 2.1 ± 11 mg/L on initial day to 10.20 ± 0.54 mg/L on 10th day grown in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW media. Bio-electricity as green electricity ranged from 135 ± 4 on initial day to 284 ± 7 mV on 10th day when spirulina cultured in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW which was higher than grown in other media. pH followed the similar trend like bio-oxygen and bio-electricity. It was found that the production of bio-oxygen, bio-fuel and bio-electricity had direct relation with pH in culture media of spirulina. Therefore, mass production of Spirulina platensis might be done in supernatant of 4.0 g/L digested poultry waste to get high total lipids as bio-fuel, bio-electricity and bio-oxygen.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Nutritional Analysis of Spirulina platensis in Different Concentrations of Papaya Skin Powder Media

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Toyub ◽  
MZ Uddin ◽  
MI Miah ◽  
MAB Habib
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The growth performance of Spirulina platensis was studied in four different concentrations viz. 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 g/l of papaya (Carica papaya) skin powder media (PSPM) and in control, Kosaric Medium (KM) in triplicate. The initial cell weight of S. platensis was 6.0 mg/l which attained a maximum weight of 913.13 mg/l on the 10th day of culture in the control KM followed by 699.07, 612.13, 538.99 and 377.48 mg/l that grown in 0.40, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.60 g/l of PSPM respectively. Similar trend was observed in the case of chlorophyll a content ranging 3.57 to 8.15 mg/l. The specific growth rate (SGR, μ/day) of S. platensis on the basis of cell weight and chlorophyll a content was recorded in the ranges of 0.41 to 0.50 and 0.41 to 0.49, respectively, for all the treatments. The SGR on the basis of cell weight and chlorophyll a was recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher in KM among all the treatments. On the other hand among the four different concentrations of PSPM, 0.40 g/l showed significantly (p<0.05) higher SGR than others. The pH and other physico-chemical factors were within suitable range of algae culture. The cultured microalga was nutritionally rich. Keywords: Spirulina; Papaya skin; Cell weight ; Chlorophyll a DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9039 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 333-338

Estimation of chlorophyll content by absorption spectra of native Spirulina platensis cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Leonid E. Paramonov
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Absorption Coefficients

A method for retrieving the absorption coefficients of Spirulina platensis pigments using absorption spectra of native cells and excluding the use of extracts is considered. Estimates of the intracellular concentration of chlorophyll a, С-phycoerythrin, С- phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in native cells are discussed.

Performance of Different Solid and Liquid Culture Media for the Improvement of Tuberculin Production

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Modified Media

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases. A huge economic loss which could be direct or indirect are associated with the disease. Currently, the primary methods used for detection of TB in humans and cattle include the measurement of a delayed type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD). So, the need for preparation of purified PPD with adequate properties and increasing the final PPD yield with decreasing the time of tuberculin production has stimulated the interest in the development of its preparation. Our study was performed to compare between the standard and modified media for improving tuberculin production. Middle brook 7H10 agar medium was used as a modified basic medium for mycobacterial growth, followed by cultivation of mycobacteria on Middle brook 7H9 broth medium. For the production, strains were inoculated onto the culture medium (Dorest Henly synthetic medium). Other steps for tuberculin production was done according to standard Weighbridge protocol. The results demonstrated that the using of both Middle brook 7H10 agar and Middle brook 7H9 broth instead of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) and glycerin broth media which used in currently produced tuberculin, have better physical and chemical properties. In addition, reducing the time required for production by accelerating the time of microbial growth. Also, it was found that the tuberculin produced using modified media was slightly more potent or the same as currently tuberculin produced. So, both Middle brook 7H10 agar and Middle brook 7H9 broth media are recommended for production of tuberculin saving time and increasing potency of the product but more investigation was recommended for estimation types of protein present in both locally prepared and modified tuberculin.

scholarly journals Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina extracts in different culture media

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasima Akhtar ◽  
Monzur Morshed Ahmeda ◽  
Nishat Sarker ◽  
Khandaker Rayhan Mahbuba ◽  
Abdul Matin Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Powder Extract

Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract media and their antimicrobial activity were studied. Five different concentrations  e.g. 10gm/L, 8gm/L, 6 gm/L, 4 gm/L and 2gm/L of Papaya (Carica papaya) skin extract media and BD1 (control) medium were used  in this study. After 8 days of cultivation, the optical density (0.33) was recorded in BD1 medium and among the five different concentrations  of papaya skin extract media the maximum was found (0.31) in 6gm/L. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis grown in three  media namely Zarrouk, BD1 media and media made from papaya skin extract was also studied. Only freeze dried Spirulina platensis powder  extract showed inhibitory effect against bacteria and no antifungal activity was observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11445 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 147-152, 2012  

scholarly journals Research of pigments of blue-green algae spirulina platensis for practical use in confectionery technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
T. K. Kalenik ◽  
E. V. Dobrynina ◽  
V. M. Ostapenko ◽  
Y. Torii ◽  
J. Hiromi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Synthetic Origin

The article presents a study of the process of isolation of natural blue pigment – phycocyanin from the biomass of blue-green algae Spirulina platensis by water extraction, followed using its water solution as a natural food colorant in the production of milk chocolate. Recently, modern food enterprises are pursuing their policy towards expanding the range of products, which is closely related to the increasing needs of the population in food of a new kind. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of food additives of both natural and synthetic origin. Among the similar components widespread found dyes synthetic origin, which have high coverage rates and relatively low cost. However, many of the permitted in our country synthetic food dyes are banned in several developed countries as potentially dangerous to health. Synthetic dyes of red, yellow and green color have many natural analogues – carotenoids, lutein, chlorophyll, etc., except for the blue dye, the analogue of which is only anthocyanins, which are unstable depending on the pH conditions. In this article were identified phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a in a water extract of spirulina. The mass concentration of phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a was determined by spectrophotometric method before and after the addition of ammonium sulfate. A comparative analysis of the effect of fractionation (salting out) on the degree of purification of the phycocyanin solution. Presented and described the technological scheme of extraction of phycocyanin which allows to use it in food technologies as an extract or a dry powder. Established the concentration of phycocyanin extract from blue-green algae spirulina to produce milk blue chocolate. Determined organoleptic and hygienic characteristics of the finished product

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT pH SETTINGS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF COMMON CARP RAJADANU STRAIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Deni Radona
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Ph Range

pH is one of the important water quality parameters in aquaculture. This study aimed to observe the growth performance and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Rajadanu strain reared in culture media with different pH levels. Fish (length: 3.60 ± 0.18 cm; weight: 1.68 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in nine aquariums (40 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm) for 10 days with a stocking density of 25 fish per aquarium. The treatments used were (A) pH 4-5, (B) pH 5-6, and (C) pH 6-7, with three replications. A commercial feed containing 28% protein was given daily and as much as 3% of the total biomass. The observed data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the pH treatments did not affect the growth (length and weight) and survival rate of common carp Rajadanu strain (P>0.05). The best growth was achieved by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 6-7 (length = 0.38 cm; weight = 0.17 g). The highest survival was attained by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 5-6 (90.66%).

scholarly journals Efficiency of Rice Husk Biochar with Poultry Litter Co-Composts in Oxisols for Improving Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Enhancing Maize Performance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Hamed Alarefee ◽  
Che Fauziah Ishak ◽  
Daljit Singh Karam ◽  
Radziah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Higher Plant

Efficient use of co-composted organic manure with biochar is one of the sustainable management practices in an agriculture system to increase soil fertility and crop yield. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the use of co-composted biochar, biochar in formulation with poultry litter (PL), and PL compost on soil properties and maize growth. Organic amendments were applied at 10 Mg ha−1, and synthetic fertilizer was applied at the recommended rate of maize (N: P2O5: K2O at 60:60:40 kg ha−1). The results showed that addition of organic amendment significantly increased the total biomass parameter compared to the control, which ranged from 23.2% to 988.5%. The pure biochar treatment yielded lower biomass than the control by 27.1%, which was attributed to its low nutrient content. Consequently, the application of the co-composted biochar achieved higher plant height and aerial portion, which ranged from 46.86% to 25.74% and 7.8% to 108.2%, respectively, in comparison to the recommended fertilizer rate. In addition, the soil amended with co-composted biochar had a significant increase in soil organic matter and had significantly higher chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in plants, which increased with an increase in the biochar ratio of the co-composts. This was probably attributed to the release of the nutrients retained during composting, thereby possibly making the co-composted biochar act as a slow-release fertilizer. In conclusion, the addition of organic manure with biochar enhanced the nutrient supply by gradual release in comparison to the mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals BCG Substrains Change Their Outermost Surface as a Function of Growth Media

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sandra Guallar-Garrido ◽  
Farners Almiñana-Rapún ◽  
Víctor Campo-Pérez ◽  
Eduard Torrents ◽  
Marina Luquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Red Dye

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) efficacy as an immunotherapy tool can be influenced by the genetic background or immune status of the treated population and by the BCG substrain used. BCG comprises several substrains with genetic differences that elicit diverse phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, modifications of phenotypic characteristics can be influenced by culture conditions. However, several culture media formulations are used worldwide to produce BCG. To elucidate the influence of growth conditions on BCG characteristics, five different substrains were grown on two culture media, and the lipidic profile and physico-chemical properties were evaluated. Our results show that each BCG substrain displays a variety of lipidic profiles on the outermost surface depending on the growth conditions. These modifications lead to a breadth of hydrophobicity patterns and a different ability to reduce neutral red dye within the same BCG substrain, suggesting the influence of BCG growth conditions on the interaction between BCG cells and host cells.

Growth Performance and Nutritional Value of Chlorella ellipsoidea in Fertilizer Factory Effluent Media

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. TOYUB ◽  
S.R. AHMED ◽  
M. I. MIAH ◽  
M. A. B. HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Chlorella Ellipsoidea ◽  
Green Alga Chlorella ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The growth performance of green alga, Chlorella ellipsoidea was studied in a laboratory in different concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent media (FFEM). Five different concentrations viz. 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% of FFEM and bold basal medium (BBM) (control) were used with three replications for a period of three months. Each trial was done for a period of 16 days. The initial cell density of C. ellipsoidea was 2.5×105 cells.ml-1 which attained a maximum density of 198.49x105 cells.ml-1 in BBM followed by 182.07, 157.41, 142.34, 137.57 and 121.35 (x105 cells. ml-1) in 50, 55, 45, 60 and 40 % FFEM, respectively on the 10th day of culture. A similar trend was observed in the case of chlorophyll a content and the range was 5.85 to 9.39 mg.l-1. The specific growth rate (SGR, μ.day-1) on the basis of cell number and chlorophyll a were found at 0.40 to 0.44 and 0.41 to 0.45, respectively and was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BBM. The total biomass was found at 629.13 and 541.36 mg.l-1 in BBM and 50% FFEM, respectively. The overall growth performance of C. ellipsoidea was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 50% FFEM than in other concentrations of FFEM. The cultured microalga was found nutritionally rich.

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