scholarly journals Pandemic and the Predicament of Labour Migration: The Indian Experience of Mitigating the Multifaceted Dimensions of a Humanitarian Catastrophe

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhigyan Guha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Kinship Ties

The COVID-19 Pandemic has accentuated pre-existing global conflicts and fissures tremendously, and India has been plagued with multifaceted challenges from skyrocketing unemployment, demand and public debt crisis to the predicament of labour migration, characterized by a plethora of economic, sociological, political and humanitarian ramifications. The rudimentary objective of this paper is to offer a normative teleological insight into the de facto migrant labour crisis in India, while holistically juxtaposing myriad ontological and epistemological indicators, with an emphasis on the economic and human rights dimension of Pandemic-induced intra-state and inter-state labour migration. While assessing a series of macro-societal and cyclical developments, ranging from “Push and Pull” factors of labour migration, reactionary decision-making of the political establishment to the repercussions of cyclical lockdowns, the attitudinal and ideational component of the social order towards migrant labourers has been highlighted, when a virulent contagion has propelled systemic racial discrimination, cognitive biases, ethnocentrism, xenophobia and institutionalized otherization vis-à-vis the instruments of statecraft, during the pyrrhic rise of mobilization on the closures of borders. While the notion of physical and social distancing is antithetical to the rationale behind society and politics as collective decision-making arenas, the current health crisis has compelled to turn the lens back on the struggles and vast array of insecurities of migration and settlement. Additionally, this paper throws light on the immediate contours and trajectories of forced and voluntary labour migration, processes of assimilation and acculturation, how networks and kinship ties that migrant labourers bring with them shape the magnitude of internal and international migration by adding to the changing global demography. A series of speculative policy prescriptions have been suggested, advancing an ethos of care and respect.

scholarly journals HITOS CONFLICTUANTES Y TENSIONES DE SENTIDO: Una propuesta de abordaje comunicacional para el problema del orden social

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Claudia Kenbel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Methodological Perspective ◽  
The Social

RESUMENEste trabajo presenta parte de la perspectiva teórico metodológica empleada en una experiencia de investigación en comunicación. La misma se desarrolló en Río Cuarto, una ciudad argentina de 180.000 habitantes durante el período 2007-2013. Nos preguntamos de qué modo circulan, se instalan y extienden ciertas concepciones asociadas al orden social, condicionando prácticas, argumentando tomas de decisiones sobre asuntos públicos y configurando parte del sentido extendido. A través de una estrategia centrada en el establecimiento de hitos (concretamente identificados a través de políticas públicas) pudimos comprender el modo en que se tensionan sentidos respecto al tipo de sociedad que se argumenta y sostiene (idea de orden). Es objetivo de esta presentación compartir algunas de las decisiones teóricas y metodológicas de la experiencia realizada y abrir una serie de posibilidades para alentar futuras investigaciones en el cruce entre la comunicación y las políticas públicas para el abordaje de distintas conflictividades sociales. PALABRAS CLAVES: hitos conflictuantes; memorias sociales; orden social.  ABSTRACTThis paper presents a part of the theoretical-methodological perspective used in a communication research. This experience took part in Rio Cuarto, argentinian city of 180,000 habitants during the period 2007-2013. This paper presents a part of the theoretical-methodological perspective used in a research experience in communication. This experience took place in an intermediate city in Argentina during the period 2007-2013. We asked ourselves how circulate, how are installed and how are spread certain conceptions associated to the social order, also conditioning certain practices. We argue that all these factors influence on the decision-making on public affairs but also they configured part of the widespread social sense. Focused on a strategy based on the most important milestones (identify by public policies), we could comprehend the manner in which senses are tensioned regarding the type of society that argue them (idea of order). The objective of this presentation is to share some of the theoretical and methodological decisions of the experience that took place with the purpose to open a series of possibilities to encourage new investigations about communication and public policies, in order to approach the diversity of the social conflicts. KEYWORDS: Controversial milestone; memories; social order.  RESUMOEste artigo apresenta parte da perspectiva teórica metodológica utilizada em uma experiência de pesquisa em comunicação. Ela foi desenvolvida em Rio Quarto, cidade Argentina de 180.000 habitantes durante o período de 2007-2013. A pesquisa objetivou saber como circulam, estão instaladas e se alargam determinadas concepções associadas a ordem social, práticas condicionadas, argumentando sobre assuntos públicos e a definição do sentido ampliado de decisão. Através de uma estratégia focada, se estabeleceram marcos conflituosos (especificamente identificados por meio de políticas públicas), com o foco de entender como os sentidos são construídos sobre o tipo de sociedade que defende e argumenta (ideia de ordem). O objetivo deste artigo é compartilhar algumas das decisões teóricas e metodológicas tomadas na pesquisa/experiência e abrir um leque de possibilidades para incentivar a investigação sobre a intersecção entre comunicação e políticas públicas para abordar diversos conflitos sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Marcos conflitantes; memorias; orden social. 

scholarly journals How can biases affect entrepreneurial decision making? toward a behavioral approach to unicorns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Abatecola ◽  
Matteo Cristofaro ◽  
Federico Giannetti ◽  
Johan Kask
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision

AbstractHow can cognitive biases affect the birth and evolution of entrepreneurial ventures? In Entrepreneurial Decision Making (EDM), this lively research question remains largely unaddressed when the world of Unicorns, as a per se entrepreneurial species, is considered. Thus, through this conceptual article, we aim to contribute toward knowledge creation in this context. We start by proposing a conceptual framework of Unicorns’ EDM based on a behavioral approach. Through three propositions, this novel framework advances how the birth, transition, and consolidation of a Unicorn may be explained by the sequentially intertwined occurrence of biases, from which establishment and legitimization eventually emerge. We complement the framework with examples from the social media industry and then discuss its main implications for theory and practice.

Social Choice in an Islamic Economic Framework

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Masudul A. Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Choice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Islamic Economic

In this paper, the decision-making character of shura, the consultativedemocratic concept in an Islamic social order, will be shown to clearly definethe determination of both state variables (socioeconomic variables) and policyvariables and the simulative interactions between them. These variables willthen be shown to configure the consumption, production, and distributionmenus in an Islamic political economy. They will thus be shown as clearlydefined variables that help to formulate the social choice, the social welfarefunction, and the institutional decision-making problems in an Islamic politicoeconomicorder.Shuratic Decision Making in the Perspective ofOrganizational TheoryThe Islamic shuratic (i.e., based on shura) decision-making process isthe centerpiece of organhtional behavior in Islamic institutions. The followingis a technical explanation of this process in light of modem organizationaltheory:’(a) Shura is structured into representative decision makers fromvarious walks of life (“sharees”).(b) “The abstract nature of each individual task” is carried outby ijtihad and the interpretations and implementation of theShari’ah (Islamic law) to various socioeconomic problems ...

The Mechanisms of Social Construction of Reality in Religious Extremism: A Socio-Philosophical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Tat’yana V. Izluchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Social

This paper studies the social construction of reality in religious extremism. The daily life of extremists is viewed here as an alternative social reality, which is opposed to objective reality and portrayed by the ideologists as the only right one. The methodology of the research is based on Peter Berger’s phenomenological theory of world construction by numerous transcendental subjects. The daily life of extremists is regulated by the social order established in the extremist community, which is ensured by specific attitudes, preferences, conventions, values, and knowledge systems that are contained in their ideology. An important result of the study is the characterization of the social construction mechanisms according to the extremist worldview. Cognitive biases and assertion of personal significance contribute to a positive perception of the ideology and an active participation in extremist activities, while the “Us vs Them” opposition leads to the polarization of views and fewer external contacts, as well as forms a positive image of “Us” while ignoring their negative qualities and hyperbolizing the negative qualities of “Them”. The idealization of history and the heroization of individual participants in this movement form false notions of justice and of the possibility of creating an ideal state system, thereby motivating extremists to commit unlawful acts, including violent ones. Thinking models are adjusted to conform to the ideology, new patterns of behaviour are established through social actions and ritual practices. Illegal extremist activity is presented as following the will of the higher forces, thus acquiring the status of a sacred duty to establish the common good and fight against the universal evil. These mechanisms are characteristic of various types of extremism (national, political). Religion acts as an element reinforcing ideological content and allowing extremist communities to project ultimate meanings onto objective reality, endowing it with a given meaning.

Social Cognitive Bias

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-132
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Decision Making

Within social psychology and sociology there is a field of study in charge of studying how the social group affects the individual in all areas. In fact, several studies have found that the social decision-making process can be influenced by cognitive biases. This fields establishes two large categories of social groups called ingroup and outgroup depending on whether individuals are part of this group or not. Therefore, an ingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify. Moreover, the psychological membership of social groups and categories can be related with different aspects such as race, profession, religion, among others, so that individuals can categorize themselves and others in different ways, usually dependent on the context. This categorization that individuals do based in the pertinence to a group and the influence of the group on the person reproduce in the person social cognitive biases that can lead to erroneous decisions. Within these biases the best known is the ingroup bias. This chapter explores some of these social biases and how they influence the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Seeding a New World: Lessons from the FeesMustFall Movement for the Advancement of Social Justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Adam Habib
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
New World ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AbstractThe author interrogates the empirical experience of #FeesMustFall—which is extensively detailed in the book Rebels & Rage from which this article flows—with a view to understanding social movements and in turn enhancing the effectiveness of social justice struggles in the future. He discusses the value of social mobilization in effecting change, but demonstrates that this is only sustainable if the protest is structured within certain strategic and ethical parameters. He then proceeds to interrogate the issues of violence, the framing of the struggle and outcomes, the decision-making processes associated with the protest, and the importance of ethical conduct by leaders and activists. He concludes by underscoring the legitimacy of the social justice struggles but insists that these have to be more effectively conducted if they are to culminate in the establishment of a more humane social order.

scholarly journals Freedom of Religion in the Brazilian Supreme Court in a Period of Three Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Duarte ◽  
Rafael Mario Iorio Filho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Institutional Instability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractJudicial institutions which provide legal mechanisms for conflict resolution play an important role in maintaining the social order of complex societies. Weaknesses in the performance of their duties can contribute to social conflict developing into outright violence that will be beyond the management of law and the courts. In this sense it is strategic to study the judicial system and the decision-making processes of its judges if one wants to understand the ways conflicts are dealt in a certain place and time. In this article we focus our attention on the role of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court as custodian of the Constitution and the discourses that its decision-making construct when dealing with human rights issues. Specifically we set out to understand how the opinions of Brazilian Supreme Court Justices are constructed when deciding cases concerning freedom of religion. The timeline considered covers 31 years, from 1988 to 2019, a period that begins with the promulgation of the new constitution in 1988 (which symbolically reinstated democracy in the country after the end of the period of military rule that began in 1964) up to the present day. We begin by presenting the legal definition of freedom of religion in Brazil which constitutes the normative background of the discussion. We then discuss our project, stressing the methodological approach we have adopted and finally we present our data findings. We identified 39 cases in total of which 11 were selected and analyzed using the methodology of Semiolinguistic Discourse Analysis in order to define the semantic field related to freedom of religion in Brazil. Even though the number of cases is not large it is possible to identify some features of Brazilian legal culture which are also recurrent when dealing with religious freedom. One of these features is the absence of consensus-building logic in the Justices’ opinions—we attribute this to what we term the disputatio mindset—which contributes to continuing institutional instability and legal insecurity. Our findings suggest that these Supreme Court decisions frequently lack the strong level of rational consistency that lower courts require if they are to identify clear guiding principles that can control the outcomes of new cases

scholarly journals The Social Determinants of Cognitive Bias: The Effects of Low Capability on Decision Making in a Framing Experiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Plante ◽  
Rim Lassoued ◽  
Peter W.B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind

According to leading sociological thinking, the mind is shaped by wider society. In this study, we administer a modified version of Tversky and Kahneman’s seminal framing experiment to a large and representative sample of Canadians. Our design allows us to explore which groups of people actually exhibit different cognitive biases. We find that the majority of people in our experiment do not exhibit loss aversion bias and that several people exhibit an opposite bias we call “turtling.” Turtlers prefer smaller certain options when choices are framed as losses and larger uncertain options when they are framed as gains. People that suffer low capability, measured by a person’s risk of experiencing low income based on their socio-demographic characteristics, are far more likely to turtle than others.

Q Methodology in Research on Political Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Political Decision Making

Q methodology was introduced in 1935 and has evolved to become the most elaborate philosophical, conceptual, and technical means for the systematic study of subjectivity across an increasing array of human activities, most recently including decision making. Subjectivity is an inescapable dimension of all decision making since we all have thoughts, perspectives, and preferences concerning the wide range of matters that come to our attention and that enter into consideration when choices have to be made among options, and Q methodology provides procedures and a rationale for clarifying and examining the various viewpoints at issue. The application of Q methodology commonly begins by accumulating the various comments in circulation concerning a topic and then reducing them to a smaller set for administration to select participants, who then typically rank the statements in the Q sample from agree to disagree in the form of a Q sort. Q sorts are then correlated and factor analyzed, giving rise to a typology of persons who have ordered the statements in similar ways. As an illustration, Q methodology was administered to a diverse set of stakeholders concerned with the problems associated with the conservation and control of large carnivores in the Northern Rockies. Participants nominated a variety of possible solutions that each person then Q sorted from those solutions judged most effective to those judged most ineffective, the factor analysis of which revealed four separate perspectives that are compared and contrasted. A second study demonstrates how Q methodology can be applied to the examination of single cases by focusing on two members of a group contemplating how they might alter the governing structures and culture of their organization. The results are used to illustrate the quantum character of subjective behavior as well as the laws of subjectivity. Discussion focuses on the broader role of decisions in the social order.

Measuring daily-life fear perception change: a computational study in the context of COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Chai ◽  
Juan Palacios ◽  
Jianghao Wang ◽  
Yichun Fan ◽  
Siqi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Media Data

BACKGROUND COVID-19, as a global health crisis, has triggered the fear emotion with unprecedented intensity. Besides the fear of getting infected, the outbreak of COVID-19 also created significant disruptions in people’s daily life and thus evoked intensive psychological responses indirect to COVID-19 infections. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop novel digital trackers of public fear emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to uncover meaningful topics that the citizens are concerned about to inform policy decision-making. METHODS We construct an expressed fear database using 16 million social media posts generated by 536 thousand users in China between January 1st, 2019 and August 31st, 2020. We employ Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to detect the fear emotion within each post and apply BERTopic to extract the central fear topics. RESULTS We find that on average, 2.45% of posts per day having fear as the dominant emotion in 2019. This share spiked after the COVID-19 outbreak and peaked at 9.1% on the date that China’s epi-center Wuhan city announced lockdown. Among the fear posts, topics related to health takes the largest share (39%). Specifically, we find that posts regarding sleep disorders (Nightmare and Insomnia) have the most significant increase during the pandemic. We also observe gender heterogeneity in fear topics, with females being more concerned with health while males being more concerned with job. CONCLUSIONS Our work leverages the social media data coupled with computational methods to track the emotional response on a large scale and with high temporal granularity. While we conduct this research in a tracing back mode, it is possible to use such a method to achieve real-time emotion monitoring, thus serving as a helpful tool to discern societal concerns and aid for policy decision-making.

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