Gastrointestinal Complications in Sarscov-2 Infection: An Integrative Review

The novel coronavirus causes varied symptomatology and several complications, among them, stand out those of the gastrointestinal tract. In order to discuss gastrointestinal complications in SARS-COV-2 infected patients and their outcomes, we’ve developed an integrative literature review, using Pubmed and BVS databases. The following descriptors were used: covid-19, Sars-cov-2, gastrointestinal Tract, and Complications. The selected studies presented patients with covid-19 and gastrointestinal complications. The majority of the 13 articles included were case reports, in Europe, mostly men at the age of 60 or more. As for complications, ischemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pneumatosis, arterial narrowing and thrombosis stands out. In diagnoses, commonly exam was the reverse polymerase-transcriptase chain reaction; treatment varied between conservative and surgical resection. It’s evident the importance of good practice, early diagnosis and treatments, avoiding at its most the worsening of the condition. However, whereas is such a recent subject matter, further studies need to be made.

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COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9020120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Anis Daou

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Circulatory System ◽

The Novel ◽

Lead Compound ◽

Fda Approval ◽

The World ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

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Persistent SARS-CoV-2-positive over 4 months in a COVID-19 patient with CHB

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 749-753

Author(s):

Wenyuan Li ◽

Beibei Huang ◽

Qiang Shen ◽

Shouwei Jiang ◽

Kun Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Oxygen Inhalation ◽

New Strategy ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Specific Symptoms

Abstract In recent months, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health crisis with takeover more than 1 million lives worldwide. The long-lasting existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not yet been reported. Herein, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with intermittent viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for >4 months after clinical rehabilitation. A 35-year-old male was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia with fever but without other specific symptoms. The treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir, oxygen inhalation, and other symptomatic supportive treatment facilitated recovery, and the patient was discharged. However, his viral PCR test was continually positive in oropharyngeal swabs for >4 months after that. At the end of June 2020, he was still under quarantine and observation. The contribution of current antivirus therapy might be limited. The prognosis of COVID-19 patients might be irrelevant to the virus status. Thus, further investigation to evaluate the contagiousness of convalescent patients and the mechanism underlying the persistent existence of SARS-CoV-2 after recovery is essential. A new strategy of disease control, especially extending the follow-up period for recovered COVID-19 patients, is necessary to adapt to the current situation of pandemic.

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How to Better Manage Tourism on Pandemic-Times? Moving Forward on a Discussion We Should Have Had Before the 2020 Crisis

10.20944/preprints202010.0487.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Sinay ◽

Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Research Funding ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

The Novel ◽

Scholarly Community ◽

Pandemic Virus ◽

Funding Agencies ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Taking advantage of tourists’ intensive flow, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread causing thousands of deaths globally. Trying to contain the already pandemic virus, government travel restrictions were suddenly imposed. Consequently, the tourism industry, which at that moment employed one in ten workers globally, suddenly collapsed. Hundreds of thousands of workers immediately lost their income. Flights were cancelled, and thousands of tourists were stuck abroad with no means to return to their home countries. The gravity of the situation raised the question of whether there was scholarly knowledge that could have helped manage tourism during the current pandemic. To answer this question, a methodical literature review was performed, allowing for up to 900 publications to be analysed. Keywords used were pandemic, tourism, tourist and travel. Based on this process, 63 publications were selected for further analysis. Among these, less than 5% were focused on the tourism side of the problem. As such, this research concludes that, by the time the novel coronavirus emerged, there was, virtually, no scholarly knowledge on how to manage tourism during pandemic times so as to avoid chaos, and that the scholarly community studying related issues is very small. Moving forward, this article recommends that research funding agencies and universities encourage the sound development of this area of knowledge. Aspects that should be investigated include when, how and by whom should tourism be halted, as well as the feasibility of a Tourism World Fund for supporting related costs.

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Cutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

RUDN Journal of Medicine ◽

10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-16-24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 16-24

Author(s):

O. B. Tamrazova ◽

A. S. Stadnikova ◽

E. V. Rudikova

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Causative Agent ◽

The Novel ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Skin Manifestations ◽

The World ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaevs Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

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Gastrointestinal Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2021/2534975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Giovanni Marasco ◽

Marcello Maida ◽

Gaetano Cristian Morreale ◽

Massimo Licata ◽

Matteo Renzulli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Small Study ◽

The Novel ◽

Bleeding Rate ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Sources ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal ◽

Egger Test

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to affect the gastrointestinal system with a variety of symptoms, including bleeding. The prevalence of bleeding in these patients remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis is to estimate the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 patients and its association with mortality. MEDLINE and Embase were searched through December 20, 2020. Studies reporting COVID-19 patients with and without gastrointestinal bleeding were included. Estimated prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was pooled; heterogeneity was expressed as I2. Metaregression analysis was performed to assess the impact of confounding covariates. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 91887 COVID-19 patients were considered, of whom 534 reported gastrointestinal bleeding (0.6%) [409 (76.6%) upper and 121 (22.7%) lower gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB and LGIB, resp.)]. The overall pooled gastrointestinal bleeding rate was 5% [95% CI 2–8], with high heterogeneity (I2 99.2%); “small study effect” was observed using the Egger test ( p = 0.049 ). After removing two outlier studies, the pooled bleeding rate was 2% [95% CI 0–4], with high heterogeneity (I2 99.2%), and no “small study effect” ( p = 0.257 ). The pooled UGIB rate was 1% (95% CI 0–3, I2 98.6%, p = 0.214 ), whereas the pooled LGIB rate was 1% (95% CI 0–2, I2 64.7%, p = 0.919 ). Metaregression analysis showed that overall estimates on gastrointestinal bleeding were affected by studies reporting different sources of bleeding. No significant association between gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality was found. In this meta-analysis of published studies, individuals with COVID-19 were found to be at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, especially upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

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Hemorrhagic complications of а novel coronavirus infection: actual clinical problem.

Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология ◽

10.25555/thr.2021.3.0980 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

И.Б. Симарова ◽

С.Н. Переходов ◽

А.Ю. Буланов

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

The Novel ◽

Hemorrhagic Events ◽

Thrombotic Complications ◽

Predictive Role ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Therapeutic Doses

Гиперкоагуляционный характер коагулопатии, ассоциированной с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, и высокий риск связанных с этим тромботических осложнений — хорошо известный факт на сегодняшний день. Тем не менее в литературе имеются описания и геморрагических событий у больных COVID. В обзоре приведен анализ публикаций, описывающих кровотечения при коронавирусной инфекции; общая частота их в среднем составляет 4–8%. Превалируют желудочно-кишечные кровотечения, существенную часть составляют межмышечные гематомы и кровоизлияния в кожу и слизистые. Показана предиктивная роль применения антикоагулянтов в терапевтических дозах и гипофибриногенемии. Отмечено отсутствие четкого понимания патофизиологических механизмов. Hypercoagulable character of coagulopathy associated with the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, and the high risk of associated thrombotic complications is a well-known fact. However, there are also case reports of hemorrhagic events in COVID patients in the literature. The review summarizes the publications describing bleedings in coronavirus infection; their overall frequency is on average 4–8%. Gastrointestinal bleeding are prevalent, intermuscular hematomas and hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes are frequent. The predictive role of anticoagulants use in therapeutic doses and hypofibrinogenemia is shown. The absence of clear understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms is noted.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Markets

10.4018/978-1-7998-8674-7.ch013 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 250-262

Author(s):

Aslı Aybars ◽

Mehtap Öner

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Financial Markets ◽

Stock Returns ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Novel ◽

The World ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which emerged at the end of 2019 and spread to the world at a very fast pace, resulted in a pandemic affecting the finance industry besides many other industries though at varying extents. Financial markets, which can be regarded as cornerstones of each and every country's economic success, have been adversely influenced due to the fear and uncertainty arising with the emergence of the novel coronavirus at different degrees. This chapter provides a summary of a literature review based on the impact of this pandemic on stock returns and volatility in the stock exchanges of different countries and regions of the world. What has been captured as a result of this literature review is that almost all of the financial markets around the world have been influenced due to the virus. Further, industry-wise empirical studies demonstrate that not all industries are affected at the same level or even in the same direction.

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Bedside ultrasound for early diagnosis and follow-up of postoperative negative pressure pulmonary oedema: case reports and literature review

Anestezjologia Intensywna Terapia ◽

10.5114/ait.2019.86093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 253-256

Author(s):

Andres Caballero-Lozada ◽

Alberto Giraldo ◽

Javier Benitez ◽

Oscar Naranjo ◽

Carolina Zorrilla-Vaca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Literature Review ◽

Pulmonary Oedema ◽

Negative Pressure ◽

Case Reports ◽

Bedside Ultrasound ◽

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema

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Electrical Impedance Tomography and Prone Position During Ventilation in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Case Reports and a Brief Literature Review

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia ◽

10.1177/1089253220958912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 287-292

Author(s):

Serena Tomasino ◽

Rosa Sassanelli ◽

Corrado Marescalco ◽

Francesco Meroi ◽

Luigi Vetrugno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Literature Review ◽

Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽

Electrical Impedance ◽

Case Reports ◽

Prone Positioning ◽

Impedance Tomography ◽

Pneumonia Case ◽

Different Types ◽

Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases, with high needs of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It is still unclear whether different types of COVID-19 pneumonia require different ventilator strategies. With electrical impedance tomography (EIT) we evaluated, in real time and bedside, the distribution of ventilation in the different pulmonary regions before, during, and after pronation in COVID-19 respiratory failure. We present a brief literature review of EIT in non-COVID-19 patients and a report of 2 COVID-19 patients: one that did not respond well and another one that improved during and after pronation. EIT might be a useful tool to decide whether prone positioning should or should not be used in COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Imunodeficiência comum variável associada à doença de Crohn-like: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 32159

Author(s):

Larissa Cristina Tavares De Castro ◽

Zamir Calamita

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Literature Review ◽

Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical History ◽

Diagnostic Investigation ◽

Colonic Biopsy ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Brazilian Studies ◽

Common Variable

AIMS: To report the case of a patient diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, describing the clinical picture, the diagnostic investigation process, the therapeutic approaches and the clinical outcome of the patient. To carry out a literature review of case reports addressing patients with the common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease association. Emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.CASE DESCRIPTION: A male patient was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency at nine years of age and with non-specific inflammatory bowel disease at 10 years, after colonoscopy and colonic biopsy indicated moderate lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic infiltrate and some neutrophils in lamina propria, with absence of granulomas. At age 14, the diagnosis of Crohn-like disease was confirmed by specialist after correlation between clinical history and complementary exams. Currently with 18 years of age, the patient is under treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin, infliximab and azathioprine, with stabilization of the clinical picture.CONCLUSIONS: The literature review identified 11 case reports on the association between common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, with no Brazilian studies, which highlights the rarity of such association. In this report, the patient received extensive and empirical treatments due to the difficulty in reaching a specific diagnosis, which was only performed at age 14, when more targeted and individualized treatment was started. Although currently stable, the patient presented several complications during the diagnostic investigation, which emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and more precise treatment, targeted to meet the health needs of these patients.

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