scholarly journals How to Better Manage Tourism on Pandemic-Times? Moving Forward on a Discussion We Should Have Had Before the 2020 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sinay ◽  
Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Pandemic Virus ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Taking advantage of tourists’ intensive flow, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread causing thousands of deaths globally. Trying to contain the already pandemic virus, government travel restrictions were suddenly imposed. Consequently, the tourism industry, which at that moment employed one in ten workers globally, suddenly collapsed. Hundreds of thousands of workers immediately lost their income. Flights were cancelled, and thousands of tourists were stuck abroad with no means to return to their home countries. The gravity of the situation raised the question of whether there was scholarly knowledge that could have helped manage tourism during the current pandemic. To answer this question, a methodical literature review was performed, allowing for up to 900 publications to be analysed. Keywords used were pandemic, tourism, tourist and travel. Based on this process, 63 publications were selected for further analysis. Among these, less than 5% were focused on the tourism side of the problem. As such, this research concludes that, by the time the novel coronavirus emerged, there was, virtually, no scholarly knowledge on how to manage tourism during pandemic times so as to avoid chaos, and that the scholarly community studying related issues is very small. Moving forward, this article recommends that research funding agencies and universities encourage the sound development of this area of knowledge. Aspects that should be investigated include when, how and by whom should tourism be halted, as well as the feasibility of a Tourism World Fund for supporting related costs.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
O. B. Tamrazova ◽  
A. S. Stadnikova ◽  
E. V. Rudikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaevs Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Markets

2022 ◽  
pp. 250-262
Author(s):  
Aslı Aybars ◽  
Mehtap Öner
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which emerged at the end of 2019 and spread to the world at a very fast pace, resulted in a pandemic affecting the finance industry besides many other industries though at varying extents. Financial markets, which can be regarded as cornerstones of each and every country's economic success, have been adversely influenced due to the fear and uncertainty arising with the emergence of the novel coronavirus at different degrees. This chapter provides a summary of a literature review based on the impact of this pandemic on stock returns and volatility in the stock exchanges of different countries and regions of the world. What has been captured as a result of this literature review is that almost all of the financial markets around the world have been influenced due to the virus. Further, industry-wise empirical studies demonstrate that not all industries are affected at the same level or even in the same direction.

scholarly journals Modeling the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak in Sicily, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Sebastiano Battiato ◽  
Antonella Agodi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data

Italy was the first country in Europe which imposed control measures of travel restrictions, quarantine and contact precautions to tackle the epidemic spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in all its regions. While such efforts are still ongoing, uncertainties regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and ascertainment of cases make it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of restrictions. Here, we employed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SEIRD) model to assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, working on the number of reported patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and deaths in Sicily (Italy), from 24 February to 13 April. Overall, we obtained a good fit between estimated and reported data, with a fraction of unreported SARS-CoV-2 cases (18.4%; 95%CI = 0–34.0%) before 10 March lockdown. Interestingly, we estimated that transmission rate in the community was reduced by 32% (95%CI = 23–42%) after the first set of restrictions, and by 80% (95%CI = 70–89%) after those adopted on 23 March. Thus, our estimates delineated the characteristics of SARS-CoV2 epidemic before restrictions taking into account unreported data. Moreover, our findings suggested that transmission rates were reduced after the adoption of control measures. However, we cannot evaluate whether part of this reduction might be attributable to other unmeasured factors, and hence further research and more accurate data are needed to understand the extent to which restrictions contributed to the epidemic control.

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5_2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priputnevich T.V. Priputnevich ◽  
Gordeev A.B. Gordeev ◽  
Lyubasovskaya L.A. Lyubasovskaya ◽  
Shabanova N.E. Shabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals A data-driven assessment of early travel restrictions related to the spreading of the novel COVID-19 within mainland China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Aleta ◽  
Qitong Hu ◽  
Jiachen Ye ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Two months after it was firstly reported, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has already spread worldwide. However, the vast majority of reported infections have occurred in China. To assess the effect of early travel restrictions adopted by the health authorities in China, we have implemented an epidemic metapopulation model that is fed with mobility data corresponding to 2019 and 2020. This allows to compare two radically different scenarios, one with no travel restrictions and another in which mobility is reduced by a travel ban. Our findings indicate that i) travel restrictions are an effective measure in the short term, however, ii) they are ineffective when it comes to completely eliminate the disease. The latter is due to the impossibility of removing the risk of seeding the disease to other regions. Our study also highlights the importance of developing more realistic models of behavioral changes when a disease outbreak is unfolding.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of COVID-19 in Italy: A data-driven modeling analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Ding ◽  
Liyuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Data Driven Modeling ◽  
Global Travel

Abstract The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that has been spreading worldwide since December 2019 has sickened millions of people, shut down major cities and some countries, prompted unprecedented global travel restrictions. Real data-driven modeling is an effort to help evaluate and curb the spread of the novel virus. Lockdowns and the effectiveness of reduction in the contacts in Italy has been measured via our modified model, with the addition of auxiliary and state variables that represent contacts, contacts with infected, conversion rate, latent propagation. Results show the decrease in infected people due to stay-at-home orders and tracing quarantine intervention. The effect of quarantine and centralized medical treatment was also measured through numerical modeling analysis.

scholarly journals Medical Tourism Markets: Models of Sustainability. The Case of Spain and The Costa del Sol (Malaga)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8818
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pagan ◽  
Daniel Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

The interest and relevance of medical tourism has increased significantly over the last few decades, and it has become a very lucrative source of income and profit for many firms. This paper analyses the sustainability of the medical tourism model in Spain in general, and in The Costa del Sol (Spain) in particular, in order to investigate the potential challenges that the domestic industry will face in the future. For this purpose, we first analysed the process of the globalization of health services and the main characteristics of the Spanish medical tourism industry (in terms of tourism and health services). Second, we examined the data availability on medical tourism for the cases of Spain, Andalusia and The Costa del Sol, and identified who travels, why, and for what reasons. The results show that Spain and The Costa del Sol offer high-quality medical and tourism facilities and services with very competitive prices, and with the high commitment and support of public local authorities, tourism and health providers, and universities. However, the lack of a real leadership, well-defined strategy, financial support, and specific training programs are considered to be crucial challenges for the near future. In addition to this, the novel coronavirus, the economic crisis, Brexit and the situation of British expats living in Spain and The Costa del sol are also discussed.

IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON INSURANCE IN THE TOURIST INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Yu. E. KLISHINA ◽  
◽  
O. N. UGLITSKIKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an overview of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry. The contribution of the tourism industry to GDP and employment of the population is also considered. In particular, the impact of the pandemic on insurance in tourism was considered. The tourism industry is one of those sectors of the Russian economy that was among the first to be hit by the novel coronavirus infection. We are talking about a blow not only viral, medical – after all, the first outbreak in Russia was a consequence of the return of citizens from foreign travel, but also a financial blow – due to the spread of COVID-19 around the world, current tours had to be interrupted, and those planned at a later date – cancel or reschedule. In such conditions, tour operators, travel agents, carriers and other participants in the tourist services market suffered serious losses.

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