The Impact of Social Isolation on Romantic Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to the severe course of COVID-19, the rate of transmission, and the high risk of death, country governments have taken many measures, such as social isolation, to reduce the rate of transmission. This study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of the social isolation process caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the romantic relationships of individuals. In this correlational study, 540 people (n=433 females, n=107 males) who had a romantic relationship in Turkey were reached by random sampling method. The participants were given the Sociodemographic Information Form and the Anxiety in Romantic Relationships During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. Validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were made. Romantic relationships of the Covid-19 pandemic process have been determined that it affects women more than men, those with low education levels more than those with higher levels, and those with short relationships than those with long-term relationships. At the same time, it was concluded that those who live separately are more affected than those who live together, those who avoid sexuality are more affected than those who do not, and those who apply social distance rules at home are more affected than those who do not apply social distance rules at home. The research has some limitations. The scale was applied online to 540 people and reached a limited number of people. The results need to be supported by different studies.

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Effect of Train-Induced Wind on the Transmission of COVID-19: A New Insight into Potential Infectious Risks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8164

Author(s):

Simin Zou ◽

Xuhui He

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Passenger Safety ◽

The Social ◽

Gaussian Puff ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fresh Insight ◽

Moving Train

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has caused a traffic tie-up across the world. In addition to home quarantine orders and travel bans, the social distance guideline of about six feet was enacted to reduce the risk of contagion. However, with recent life gradually returning to normal, the crisis is not over. In this research, a moving train test and a Gaussian puff model were employed to investigate the impact of wind raised by a train running on the transmission and dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 from infected individuals. Our findings suggest that the 2 m social distance guideline may not be enough; under train-induced wind action, human respiratory disease-carrier droplets may travel to unexpected places. However, there are deficiencies in passenger safety guidelines and it is necessary to improve the quantitative research in the relationship between train-induced wind and virus transmission. All these findings could provide a fresh insight to contain the spread of COVID-19 and provide a basis for preventing and controlling the pandemic virus, and probe into strategies for control of the disease in the future.

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbation of Depressive Symptoms for Social Frailty from the ORANGE Registry

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020986 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 986

Author(s):

Ayuto Kodama ◽

Yu Kume ◽

Sangyoon Lee ◽

Hyuma Makizako ◽

Hiroyuki Shimada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Older Individuals ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

Frailty Status ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

Background: Recent longitudinal studies have reported proportion of frailty transition in older individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed at clarifying the impact of social frailty in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and at identifying factors that can predict transition to social frailty. Methods: We performed this study from 2019 (before declaration of the state of emergency over the rising number of COVID-19 cases) to 2020 (after declaration of the emergency). We applied Makizako’s social frail index to our study subjects at the baseline and classified into robust, social prefrailty, and social frailty groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using robust, social prefrailty, or social frailty status as dependent variable. Results: Analysis by the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences in the score on the GDS-15 among the robust, social prefrailty, and social frailty groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified a significant association between the social frailty status and the score on GDS-15 (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.15–2.13; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The increase in the rate of transition of elderly individuals to the social frailty group could have been related to the implementation of the stay-at-home order as part of the countermeasures for COVID-19. Furthermore, the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms associated with the stay-at-home order could also have influenced the increase in the prevalence of social frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Social distancing in a social therapy environment

Therapeutic Communities The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities ◽

10.1108/tc-05-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3/4) ◽

pp. 113-127

Author(s):

Geraldine Ann Akerman ◽

Emily Jones ◽

Harry Talbot ◽

Gemma Grahame-Wright

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Current Practice ◽

Social Therapy ◽

Content Type ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Emotional Environment ◽

The Social ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a prison-based therapeutic community (TC). Design/methodology/approach The paper takes the form of a case study where the authors reflect on their current practice, using the findings of research on social isolation and the overarching TC principles to explore the effect of the pandemic on the TC at HMP Grendon. The authors consider how the residents and staff adjusted to the change as the parameters changed when the social distancing rules were imposed and how they adapted to the prolonged break to therapy. Sections in the paper were written by a resident and an operational member of staff. The authors conclude with their thoughts on how to manage the consequences the lockdown has brought and start to think about what returning to “normality” might mean. Findings The paper describes the adjustments made by the residents and staff as the UK Government imposed the lockdown. The authors, including a resident and an operational member of staff comment on the psychological and practical impact these adjustments had. The thought is given to the idea of “recovery”, returning to “normality” and how this study can be best managed once restrictions are lifted. Research limitations/implications At the time of writing, there are no confirmed cases of COVID-19 at HMP Grendon. The measures and commitment from all staff and residents in the prison to keep the prison environment safe may in part account for this. This paper explores the effects of lockdown on the emotional environment in a TC and highlights the consequences that social isolation can have on any individual. To the authors’ knowledge, there is currently no research undertaken on the impact of lockdown/social isolation on a TC. This research would be useful, as the authors postulate from reflections on current practice that the effects of the lockdown will be greater in a social therapy environment. Originality/value HMP Grendon started in 1962, as this time there have been no significant events that have meant the suspension of therapy for such a sustained period. It is, therefore, important that the impact of such is considered and reflected upon.

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The impact of a TV report in schizophrenia stigma reduction: A quasi-experimental study

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764016688713 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 275-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathaly de Oliveira Bosoni ◽

Geraldo Busatto Filho ◽

Daniel Martins de Barros

Keyword(s):

Brief Intervention ◽

Social Distance ◽

Mass Communication ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Stigma Reduction ◽

The Social ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

Background: Stigma is a major problem in schizophrenia, and the most effective way to reduce it is to provide information. But literature lacks studies evaluating long-term efficacy of mass communication. Aims: This is a pilot study to assess if a brief intervention (TV report) may have long-term effects. Method: Assessing stigma scores from subjects before and after seeing a vignette. Results: We found that the social distance and restriction to patients not only fell after a brief intervention but also kept lower after 1 and 3 months. Conclusion: We conclude that even brief intervention may create persistent impact in reducing discrimination.

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The sense of social control felt on university students' romantic relationshipsÜniversite öğrencilerinin romantik ilişkileri üzerinde hissetttikleri sosyal kontrol algısı

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v15i2.5249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hilmiye Aksu ◽

Sevgi Özsoy ◽

Tuğba Dündar

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Social Control ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

English Summary ◽

Average Score ◽

Control Scale ◽

The Social ◽

Scale Scores ◽

The University

This study aimed was carried out in order to determine whether third and fourth year students from nursing, midwifery and nutrition-dietetics department felt the control of their parents and the environment in premarital romantic relationships. The study population consisted of 1530 students studying at Aydın Health High School, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Nutrition-Dietetic at Adnan Menderes University in the academic year 2015-2016. The sample of the study was determined by stratification sampling method and 310 students were included in the sample. In the collection of the data The questionnaire consisting of the questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the students and the Social Control Scale Toward Engage In Premarital Romantic Relationship were used Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were used in the evaluation of the data. 84.2% of the students participated in the study were women, 15.8% were male, 55.5% of them were in the nursing department, 26,8% midwifery and 17,7% nutrition-dietetics department and 56.1% of them were in their third year and 43,9% fourth year. 50.6% of the students stated that they stayed in the dorm, and 50.3% said that they had flirt.The students who participated in the survey that the average score of in the Social Control Scale Toward Engage In Premarital Romantic Relationship was 34.44±9.35. There were significant relationships among the total scale scores of university students and their gender, the class and department they attend, the presence of their dating relations, the longest living place and the economic situation of the family (p<0.05).According to the average score of the university students' social control scale are slightly above the average the social control perceptions. It is seen that social control was higher in women, those who attended in the nutrition-dietetics department, and those who are the third-grade students, whose family has the equivalent to the income expense, who live in the longest time in the town and who do not have dating relations. For this reason, training and counseling related to gender roles should be provided in counseling centers in universities. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırma hemşirelik, ebelik ve beslenme-diyetetik bölümü üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin evlilik öncesi yaşanan romantik ilişkilerinde ebeveynlerinin ve çevrenin kontrolünü hissedip hissetmediklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Aydın Sağlık Yüksekokulu Hemşirelik, Ebelik, Beslenme- Diyetetik Bölümleri’nde öğrenim gören 1530 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi tabakalama örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiş ve 310 öğrenci örneklemde yer almıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerine ilişkin sorulardan oluşan soru formu ve Evlilik Öncesinde Romantik İlişki Yaşamada Sosyal Kontrol Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t testi, ANOVA ve Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %84,2’si kadın, %15,8’i erkek, %55,5’i hemşirelik, %26,8 ebelik, %17,7 bslenme-diyetetik bölümünde ve %56,1’i üçüncü, %43,9’u dördüncü sınıfta okumaktadır. Öğrencilerin %50,6’sı yurtta kaldığını, %50,3’ü flörtünün olduğunu dile getirmiştir.Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin Evlilik Öncesinde Romantik İlişki Yaşamada Sosyal Kontrol Ölçeği’nden aldıkları ortalama puan 34.44±9.35 olarak belirlenmiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin ölçekten aldıkları toplam puanlar ile cinsiyetleri, okudukları sınıf ve bölüm, flörtlerinin varlığı, en uzun süre yaşanılan yer ve ailenin ekonomik durumu arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır (p<0,05).Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal kontrol ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalamasına göre, sosyal kontrol algıları ortalamanın biraz üzerindedir. Sosyal kontrolün, kadın olan, beslenme-diyetetik bölümünde okuyan, üçünü sınıf öğrencisi olan, ailesinin gelir giderine denk olan, en uzun süre kasabada yaşayan ve flörtü olmayan öğrencilerde daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle üniversitelerdeki danışmanlık merkezlerinde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin eğitimler yapılmalı ve danışmanlıklar verilmelidir.

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Conceptualising the Romantic Relationship

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology ◽

10.21301/eap.v3i3.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 63-79

Author(s):

Jana Baćević

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Young Professionals ◽

The Social

This paper approaches the phenomenon of the "romantic relationship" as understood within some of the most prominent paradigms in the social sciences. These interpretative frameworks are then applied to the model of the romantic relationship acquired during my own research on the concepts of romantic relationships among young professionals in Belgrade, Serbia. I argue that none of the presented frameworks can be solely relied upon to explain the phenomenon, but that in combination they do offer very valuable insights. This represents an example of how the application of different paradigms in social sciences can help to clarify the nature of a phenomenon, rather than representing a ground for contestation.

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The impact of social isolation on a selected group of older brazilians within the context of the covid-19 pandemic

MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics ◽

10.15406/mojgg.2021.06.00274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Natalia Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos Sasaki ◽

Marília Louvison ◽

Camila Garcel Pancote ◽

Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes Santos ◽

Amena Alcântara Ferraz Cury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Social Life ◽

Social Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Condition ◽

Corona Virus ◽

The Social ◽

Data Collection Instrument ◽

The Impact

Objective: This paper is an examination of the experiences of a selected group of older Brazilians people which aims to analyse how they have been impacted by COVID-19 and, particularly, how they have been affected by protective social isolation measures. Methodology: 42 older residents of Sao Jose do Rio Preto were interviewed by phone. The applied script question was developed by International Longevity Centre the Netherlands, based at the Leyden Academy on Vitality and Aging. The data collection instrument consisted of five categories of analysis: social activities, social contacts and connectivity, well-being, vitality and health, and COVID-19 news and reports. Results: All in-person social activity ceased with the implementation of the isolation measures. Most of the interviewees pointed out to be suffering do to absence of their children, grand-children, other relatives and close friends from whom they have being apart since the beginning of the Corona virus pandemic. A large number of the interviewees recognized a worsening of their health condition and attributed it to the suspension of the physical activities and the social life that they had before isolation. Conclusion: The interviewed showed some insight about the experiences of older Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. They all revealed a strong awareness of their physical vulnerability regarding corona virus. Most accepted the need to protect themselves through isolation or any other measures. However, there are barriers that difficulty the elderly people isolation as they live with of member of the family with different ages and in poor financial situations.

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How do residents assess the social impact of tourism?

Menadzment u hotelijerstvu i turizmu ◽

10.5937/menhottur2101103m ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-119

Author(s):

Srđan Milošević ◽

Dušan Perić ◽

Iva Škrbić

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Local Development ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Modern Life ◽

The Social ◽

Standardize Instrument ◽

The Impact ◽

Municipal Development

Tourism plays an important role in the economic and cultural development of society, producing many positive and negative effects. This study aimed to (a) assess the impact of tourism on modern life in Montenegro based on the attitudes of residents and (b) standardize instrument (questionnaire) for assessing these impacts. The sample formed by 521 adults from three different tourist regions (coastal, continental, mountainous). The questionnaire has high validity and reliability. Two components (two independent scales) have been extracted - the negative and positive social impact of tourism. It was found that the increase in positive impacts is followed by an increase in negative effects too. Type of the region, level of municipal development and engagement of respondents in tourism influence significantly the differences between attitudes of examinees. Those who live by tourism most respect its importance for local development.

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How Dialysis Patients Cope with a Curfew? A Comparison of Psychological Status between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000517839 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Cebrail Karaca ◽

Necmi Eren ◽

Mevlut Tamer Dincer ◽

Senol Turan ◽

Hatice Kubra Karaca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

Isolation Period

Introduction: There are many differences between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatments, including their impact on the psychological status of the patients. In this study, our aim was to compare the psychological statuses of HD and PD patients during the social isolation period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study on adult HD and PD patients when the curfew measures were in effect. We used an electronic form composed of 3 sections to collect data. In the first section, we collected data on the demographics and clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients. The second and third sections consisted of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaires, respectively. Results: The HD (n = 116) and PD (n = 130) groups were similar regarding age and sex, and they had similar HADS anxiety scores. HADS depression scores were higher in PD patients (p = 0.052). IES-R scores were significantly higher in PD patients in comparison to HD patients (p = 0.001). Frequencies of abnormal HADS-anxiety (p = 0.035) and severe psychological impact (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in PD patients. Discussion/Conclusion: During the social isolation period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, HD patients had better mood profiles than PD patients. A more stable daily routine, an uninterrupted face-to-face contact with health-care workers, and social support among patients in the in-center dialysis environment might be the cause of the favorable mood status. PD patients might need additional psychological support during those periods.

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The impact of legislation on Covid-19 mortality in a Brazilian federative unit was mediated by social isolation.

10.1101/2021.06.16.21259057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fredi A Diaz-Quijano ◽

Tatiane Bomfim Ribeiro ◽

Alexia Viana da Rosa ◽

Rossana Reis ◽

Fernando Aith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Ecological Study ◽

The Other ◽

Preventive Effect ◽

Mobile Data ◽

The Social ◽

Isolation Index ◽

Delayed Mortality ◽

The Impact

This study aimed to estimate the effect of restrictive laws on actual social isolation and COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, we evaluated how community adherence, measured with an index of social isolation, would mediate the lockdown effect on COVID-19 mortality. Methods: This ecological study assessed the legislations published until June 30, 2020, in the Brazilian state of Ceara. We performed a systematic review and classification of restrictive norms and estimated their immediate effect on social isolation, measured by an index based on mobile data, and the subsequent impact on COVID-19 mortality (three weeks later). A mediation analysis was performed to estimate the effect of rigid lockdown on mortality that was explained for effective social isolation. Results: The social isolation index showed an increase of 11.9% (95% CI: 2.9% - 21%) during the days in which a rigid isolation norm (lockdown) was implemented. Moreover, this rigid lockdown was associated with a reduction of 26% (95% CI: 21% - 31%) in the three-week-delayed mortality. We also calculated that the rigid lockdown had the indirect effect, i.e., mediated by adherence to social isolation, of reducing COVID-19 mortality by 38.24% (95% CI: 21.64% to 56.07%). Therefore, the preventive effect of this norm was fully explained by the actual population adherence, reflected in the social isolation index. On the other hand, mandatory mask use was associated with 11% reduction in COVID-19 mortality (95% CI: 8% - 13%). Conclusions: We estimated the effect of quarantine regulations on social isolation and evidenced that a rigid lockdown law led to a reduction of COVID-19 mortality in one state of Brazil. In addition, the mandatory masks norm was an additional determinant of the reduction of this outcome.

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