scholarly journals Diferencias de la pisada en estático después de una maratón (Differences in static footstep after a marathon)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Víctor José Fernández-Torres ◽  
Cristina Robles-Rodriguez ◽  
Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda ◽  
Victoria Candelario Poteleschenko ◽  
Jose Vicente Gutierrez-Manzanedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Introducción: Correr maratones es uno de los deportes más en auge de los últimos años, sin embargo existen pocos estudios biomecánicos de la pisada del pie, lo cual podría mejorar la eficiencia de la carrera y a prevenir lesiones. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de correr una maratón sobre la pisada del corredor y averiguar la relación entre edad y la presión plantar antes y después de una maratón. Métodos: Se seleccionó a 15 corredores de los participantes en la Maratón de Madrid 2014. Tras pasar un reconocimiento médico y cumplir los criterios de inclusión, a cada uno de los corredores se los tomó medidas de fuerza, presión plantar y superficie de apoyo antes y después de correr la maratón. Las medidas se tomaron totalmente descalzos y utilizando una plataforma de presiones. Resultados: Los atletas mostraron una disminución de la superficie total de apoyo tanto del pie derecho como del pie izquierdo (p = .02 y p < .001; respectivamente). La presión media total del pie izquierdo se incrementó justo al acabar la prueba de maratón (p = .02). La edad se asoció negativamente con la superficie de apoyo de la parte delantera del pie izquierdo (r = -.55, p = .04), con el porcentaje de la fuerza en la parte delantera del pie izquierdo (r = -.52, p = .05), con la distribución de la parte delantera del pie derecho (r = -.53, p = .05). Conclusiones: El correr una maratón y la edad parece estar afectando al patrón de carrera, y por consiguiente al apoyo plantar. Este hecho puede estar provocado por el cansancio de la prueba y por ritmo más lento que llevan los maratonianos de más edad.Abstract: background: Marathon is a sport that had a boom in recent years. However, there are few biomechanical studies on footsteps, which could promote running efficiency and injuries prevention. Purpose: To determine the effects of marathon races on plantar pressure before and after a marathon race and to determine the relationship between age and plantar pressure before and after a marathon. Methods: We selected 15 runners who participated in Madrid’s Marathon 2014. After medical examination and explanation of the inclusion criteria to all participants, barefoot pressures in a static and standing position was measured on a pressure platform before and just at the end of the marathon. Measurements were taken with participants being completely barefoot and using a pressure platform. Results: After marathon, athletes showed a decrease in the total area of support of footsteps both in the right and left feet (p = .02 y p < .001; respectively). The total mean pressure of left foot was increased just at the end of the race (p = .02). The age was negatively associated with the surface of front part in left foot (r = -.55, p = .04), with the percentage of the force of the front part of the left foot (r = -.52, p = .05) and with the forces distribution of the front part in the right foot (r = -.53, p = .05). Conclusions: Running a marathon and age seems to be affecting the race pattern, as well as footsteps. This fact could be caused by fatigue and the slower race velocity of older runners.

scholarly journals The effect of medial arch support over the plantar pressure and triceps surae muscle strength after prolonged standing

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hindun Saadah ◽  
Deswaty Furqonita ◽  
Angela Tulaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arch Support

Background: The activity with prolonged standing position is one of the causes of abnormalities in the lower leg and foot. The aim of this study is to discover the effect of medial arch support over the distribution of plantar pressure when standing and walking.Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- and post-design the strength of triceps surae muscle after prolonged standing, was also evaluated in an experimental study with pre- and post-design. Variables of plantar pressure measurement are the contact area and pressure peak were measured by using the Mat-scan tool. The measurement of the triceps surae muscle strength was done with a hand-held dynamometer, before and after using the medial arch support. Measurement was performed before and after working with prolonged standing position which took place about seven hours using the medial arch support inserted in the shoes. Data was analyzed using paired T-test.Results: There was a significant difference of peak pressure between standing (p = 0.041) and walking (p = 0.001). Whereas the contact area showed a significant decrease in the width of the contact area when standing (104.12 ± 12.42 vs 99.08 ± 10.21 p = 0.023). Whereas, the triceps surae muscle strength pre- and post-standing prolonged did not indicate a significant difference.Conclusion: There was decrease in peak pressure when standing and walking and decrease in contact area when standing on plantar after used of the medial arch support after prolonged standing.

The Relationship of the Position of the Metatarsal Heads and Peak Plantar Pressure

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
René E. Weijers ◽  
Geert H.I.M. Walenkamp ◽  
Henk van Mameren ◽  
Alphons G.H. Kessels
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We test the premise that peak plantar pressure is located directly under the bony prominences in the forefoot region. The right foot of standing volunteers was examined in three different postures by a CT-scanner. The plantar pressure distribution was simultaneously recorded. The position of the metatarsal heads and the sesamoids could be related to the corresponding local peak plantar pressures. The metatarsal heads 1, 4, and 5 had a significantly different position than the local peak plantar pressures. The average difference in distance between the position of the metatarsal heads and the peak plantar pressure showed a significant correlation: on the medial side the head was located more distally to the local peak plantar pressure, on the lateral side more proximally. The findings suggest that normal plantar soft tissue is able to deflect a load. The observations might improve insight into the function of the normal forefoot and might direct further research on the pathological forefoot and on the design of footwear.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Running and Plantar-Flexor Fatigability and Plantar-Pressure Distribution in Adolescent Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fourchet ◽  
Luke Kelly ◽  
Cosmin Horobeanu ◽  
Heiko Loepelt ◽  
Redha Taiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure

Context: Fatigue-induced alterations in foot mechanics may lead to structural overload and injury. Objectives: To investigate how a high-intensity running exercise to exhaustion modifies ankle plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor strength and fatigability, as well as plantar-pressure distribution in adolescent runners. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Academy research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven male adolescent distance runners (age = 16.9 ± 2.0 years, height = 170.6 ± 10.9 cm, mass = 54.6 ± 8.6 kg) were tested. Intervention(s): All participants performed an exhausting run on a treadmill. An isokinetic plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor maximal-strength test and a fatigue test were performed before and after the exhausting run. Plantar-pressure distribution was assessed at the beginning and end of the exhausting run. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor peak torques and calculated the fatigue index. Plantar-pressure measurements were recorded 1 minute after the start of the run and before exhaustion. Plantar variables (ie, mean area, contact time, mean pressure, relative load) were determined for 9 selected regions. Results: Isokinetic peak torques were similar before and after the run in both muscle groups, whereas the fatigue index increased in plantar flexion (28.1%; P = .01) but not in dorsiflexion. For the whole foot, mean pressure decreased from 1 minute to the end (−3.4%; P = .003); however, mean area (9.5%; P = .005) and relative load (7.2%; P = .009) increased under the medial midfoot, and contact time increased under the central forefoot (8.3%; P = .01) and the lesser toes (8.9%; P = .008). Conclusions: Fatigue resistance in the plantar flexors declined after a high-intensity running bout performed by adolescent male distance runners. This phenomenon was associated with increased loading under the medial arch in the fatigued state but without any excessive pronation.

scholarly journals IA TAFSIRAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP PEMUFAKATAN JAHAT OLEH KORUPTOR (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 21/PUU-XIV/2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-245
Author(s):  
Irfan Ardian Syah
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Case Number

Hopes that the Constitutional Court (CC) is not acting as legislator (maker norm) was not easy to achieve. This is because in some cases the judicial examined, tried, and decided, the CC actually act as a norm-making body (one of them in the Case Number 21/PUU-XIV/2016). Thus, in terms of the concept of state power, the CC has a dual role as the holders of state power in the judiciary and the legislature. The problem of this study is the interpretation of the CC of the of conspiracy and the relationship between of conspiracy according to Article 88 of the Code of Penal (CP) in accordance with Article 15 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption (LEC) before and after the enactment quo decision. CC interpretation against conspiracy is the right step to ensure legal certainty. However, the CC for an interpretation of action are included unlawful. Thus, in hearing and deciding the case a quo, the CC took a negative role, namely to uphold the law by breaking the law. The relationship between conspiracy under Article 88 of CP with according to Article 15 of LEC before the stipulated judgment a quo is not applied the principle of Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis after adoption of a quo decision to do is to be the application of the principle of Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis.

scholarly journals Postprandial hepatic stiffness changes on magnetic resonance elastography in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzanna Obrzut ◽  
Vitaliy Atamaniuk ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Bogdan Obrzut ◽  
Richard L. Ehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Portal Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Elastography ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
H 30

AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a reliable noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic stiffness. Liver stiffness is known to be affected by elevated postprandial portal blood flow in patients with chronic liver disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether food intake affects liver stiffness in the absence of known liver disease. We evaluated 100 volunteers (35 men and 65 women) who met inclusion criteria. The subjects had two MRE examinations, first while fasting and then 30 min after a test meal. Fourteen subjects also had two additional MRE exams 1 h 30 min and 2 h 30 min after the meal. Liver stiffness was measured by placing the largest possible polygon ROIs on the four widest liver slices and calculated as a mean of stiffness values from each slice. The correlation of liver stiffness values before and after the meal was assessed using a paired t-test. To evaluate the relationship between the change in postprandial liver stiffness and fasting liver stiffness values, linear regression was performed. The liver stiffness values in the fasting state ranged from 1.84 to 2.82 kPa, with a mean of 2.30 ± 0.23 kPa (95% CI 2.25–2.34). At 30 min after the meal, liver stiffness values ranged from 2.12 to 3.50 kPa, with a mean of 2.70 ± 0.28 kPa (95% CI 2.64–2.75), demonstrating a systematic postprandial increase by 0.40 ± 0.23 kPa (17.7 ± 3.5%). Meal intake significantly increases liver stiffness in healthy individuals, which persists for at least 2 h 30 min. Patients should fast for 3–4 h before MRE examinations to avoid fibrosis overstaging due to postprandial liver stiffness augmentation.

scholarly journals Associations in the Sagittal Plane: No Evidence that Foot Radiographs Predict Sagittal Alignment or Degeneration of the Spine

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0024
Author(s):  
Jannat M. Khan ◽  
Alex Idarraga ◽  
Joseph Skipor ◽  
Chaim Kalish ◽  
Mark Berkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Spinopelvic Alignment ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis, Hindfoot, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The interaction between hip pathology and spinopelvic alignment is a current subject of interest in orthopedics with a number of recently performed studies. However, little is known regarding the interaction between foot & ankle (F&A) pathology and spinopelvic alignment, despite common complaints from patients such as back pain potentially caused by an outturning foot. The purpose of this study is to test for associations between F&A pathology and spinopelvic alignment and degeneration. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving consecutive patients who presented to both F&A and spine surgeons within the same practice. Inclusion criteria required that each patient have the following radiographic views while in a weight bearing, standing position: lateral of lumbar spine; anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and mortise of ankle; AP, lateral, and oblique of foot. Patients were excluded from analysis if there was radiographic evidence of previous surgical instrumentation in the spine, ankle, or foot. Bonferroni correction was performed to account multiple statistical analyses, which resulted in the level of significance set to p<0.001. Results: A total of 55 patients met inclusion criteria. There were no associations found between F&A pathology and spinopelvic alignment/degeneration (p>0.001 for each; Table 1). Conclusion: A common patient concern is that a foot condition may be contributing to low back pain through altered gait and postural dynamics. With the numbers available, we were unable to demonstrate statistical associations between F&A radiographic findings and spinopelvic alignment or degeneration. Orthopaedic surgeons can address patients’ concerns about the relationship

Recruitment of lung diffusing capacity with exercise before and after pneumonectomy in dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Carlin ◽  
C. C. Hsia ◽  
S. S. Cassidy ◽  
M. Ramanathan ◽  
P. S. Clifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Left Pneumonectomy

Although the left lung constitutes 42% of the total by weight and volume in dogs, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL) after left pneumonectomy in adults falls less than 30% at rest, indicating a significant increase of DL in the remaining lung. DL normally increases during exercise, presumably by recruitment of alveolar capillaries and surface area as lung volume (Vs) and pulmonary blood flow (Qc) increase. We asked whether the increase of DL in the remaining lung after pneumonectomy in adult dogs could be explained by this kind of passive recruitment by the increased volume and Qc in the remaining lung. We measured the relationship between DL and Qc with a rebreathing technique at increasing treadmill loads in adult foxhounds, before and 6 mo after left pneumonectomy, and the relationship between DL and Vs by the same technique under anesthesia as Vs was expanded. DL was reduced by 29.1% at rest and 26.5% with heavy exercise after left pneumonectomy, indicating either recruitment or new growth in the right lung. With the assumption that the right lung normally receives 58% of the Qc and contains 58% of the DL, DL of the right lung increased with Qc in accordance with the following relationships before and after left pneumonectomy: right lung DL (before pneumonectomy) = 6.44 + 2.40(Qc) (r = 0.963) and right lung DL (after pneumonectomy) = 7.51 + 1.75(Qc) (r = 0.958). Only approximately 7% of the increase in DL from rest to peak exercise could be attributed to the increase in Vs during exercise before pneumonectomy and approximately 15% after pneumonectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Pengaruh derajat kelainan refraksi dan penggunaan kacamata koreksi terhadap ketajaman stereopsis pada anak

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dian Hidayati ◽  
Noor Syamsu ◽  
Marliyanti N Akib
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Introduction : The stereoacuity depends on the binocular cooperation of both eyes and the good visual acuity of each eye. The relationship between stereoacuity and visual acuity is stereoacuity will decrease if the visual acuity decreases. Method : This study is a cross-sectional analytic study, conducted in elementary schools in Makassar for 3 months. There were 261 children who met the inclusion criteria consisting of 124 men (47.5%) and 137 women (52.5%). The degrees of refractive error were divided into mild, moderate, and severe degrees. Measurement of stereoacuity using Titmus Stereotest before and after the use of corrective glasses. Result : The results showed a significant correlation between the degree of refractive abnormality with stereoacuity before corrective glasses based on Kendall’s tau b = 0.313 (p <0.001), whereas the more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse the stereoacuity . There is a significant correlation between the degrees of refractive error and stereoacuity after corrective glasses based on Kendall’s tau b = 0.235 (p <0.001), whereas the more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse stereoacuity. There were significant differences in stereoacuity to the degrees of refractive error before and after the use of corrective glasses based on McNemar statistical test (p <0.001). Conclusion : The more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse the stereoacuity. Stereoacuity after the use of corrective glasses is better than before the use of corrective glasses.

Dose Effects of Corticosteroids on the Development of Osteonecrosis in Rabbits

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2395-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORO MOTOMURA ◽  
TAKUAKI YAMAMOTO ◽  
TAKAHIKO IRISA ◽  
KEITA MIYANISHI ◽  
KENJIRO NISHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Methylprednisolone Acetate ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe relationship between dose of corticosteroids and the prevalence of osteonecrosis (ON) has not been established. We examined the dose effects of corticosteroids on the development of ON in a rabbit model.MethodsRabbits were injected once intramuscularly with 1 (12 rabbits), 5 (12 rabbits), 20 (20 rabbits), and 40 (25 rabbits) mg/kg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPSL) into the right gluteus medius muscle. Four weeks after the MPSL injection, the proximal and distal parts of both the femora and humeri were histopathologically examined for the presence of ON. Hematological examinations were performed before and after the corticosteroid injection.ResultsIn rabbits with 1, 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg MPSL, the incidence of ON was 0, 42%, 70%, and 96%, respectively. The dose of MPSL showed a significant association with the incidence of ON. Histologically, reparative tissues around the ON sites were observed in the rabbits with 5 mg/kg MPSL, but not observed in rabbits with 20 and 40 mg/kg MPSL. On hematological examination, hyperlipidemia and thrombocytopenia were most apparent in the rabbits receiving 40 mg/kg MPSL.ConclusionThe study suggested that the dose of corticosteroids plays an important role in the development of ON in rabbits. The repair process was also found to be influenced by the dose of corticosteroids. Corticosteroid-induced hyperlipidemia and thrombocytopenia seemed to be associated with the incidence of ON.

Suppression by Stealth: The Partisan Response to Protest in State Legislatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232922110399
Author(s):  
Chan S. Suh ◽  
Sidney G. Tarrow
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Legislative ◽  
Severity Of State ◽  
Public Opposition

Many scholars have investigated the relationship between protest and repression. Less often examined is the legislative suppression of protest by elites seeking to make protest more costly to protesters. Because state legislatures are largely invisible to the public, this “wholesale” suppression of protest is less likely to trigger public opposition than repression by the police. This study explains the sharp increase in the number and the severity of state legislative bills to repress the right to protest both before and after the election of Donald Trump. In particular, it examines whether these can be attributed either to Republican control of state legislatures or to protest threat. Contrary to the findings in much of the literature, bills aimed at suppressing protest are less closely related to threat than to the realignment of state politics. The article also finds that these proposals were influenced by diffusion through policy brokerage.

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