Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para 2018 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain for 2018)

En 2016 se realizó la primera Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness para 2017 en España reproduciendo la metodología de las encuestas anuales que ha venido realizando anualmente el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM) sobre tendencias globales de fitness durante más de una década. El presente estudio presenta los resultados de la segunda Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness para el año 2018, cuyo objetivo es identificar las principales tendencias y su relevancia específicamente en el sector del fitness español. La opinión de 637 profesionales del sector del fitness sobre 42 potenciales tendencias del sector para el año 2018 se recogió mediante un cuestionario online. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan y discuten con los resultados de la encuesta nacional y la encuesta internacional para el año 2017. Los resultados muestran que las tendencias en el sector del fitness en España para el año 2018 se corresponden en términos generales con las tendencias identificadas en la encuesta nacional de 2017 (17 tendencias coincidentes y tres nuevas), así como con las identificadas en la última encuesta internacional disponible (15 tendencias coincidentes). Las tendencias más relevantes en el contexto español son “personal formado, cualificado y experimentado”, “entrenamiento funcional”, “ejercicio y pérdida de peso”, “entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad”, “entrenamiento personal” y “entrenamiento con el peso corporal”. Abstract. In 2016 the first National Survey on Fitness Trend for 2017 in Spain was carried out reproducing the methodology of the annual surveys carried out by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) about global fitness trends over more than a decade. This study shows the findings of the second National Survey of Fitness Trends for 2018, aimed to identify the main trends and their relevance in the Spanish fitness sector. The opinion of 637 professionals in the fitness sector about 42 potential trends in the sector for 2018 were gathered via an online questionnaire. Results are compared and discussed with the results of the national survey and the worldwide survey for 2017. In general terms, findings show that trends in the Spanish fitness sector for 2018 match with the trends identified in the national survey for 2017 (17 trends matched and three were new), as well as with the last worldwide survey (15 trends matched). The more relevant trends in the Spanish context are "educated, certified and experienced fitness professionals", "functional training", "exercise and weight loss", "high intensity intervallic training", "personal training" and “body weight training”.

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Tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2021

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.467381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 242-258

Author(s):

Susana Franco ◽

Rita Santos Rocha ◽

Fátima Ramalho ◽

Vera Simões ◽

Vieira Isabel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Personal Training ◽

Professional Titles ◽

Professional Title ◽

Technical Director ◽

De Medicina

El Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva (ACSM) publica anualmente un estudio que identifica las tendencias mundiales de fitness para el próximo año. El presente estudio reproduce la metodología del estudio de las tendencias del ACSM y pretende caracterizar las tendencias del fitness en Portugal para 2021 según profesionales y estudiantes bien como de practicantes del sector, comparando los resultados con estudios a nivel mundial, europeo y español. Además de la caracterización, se compararon las tendencias entre practicantes y profesionales/estudiantes, y en esta entre géneros, si ejercer o no funciones como profesional y tener el título de Técnico en Ejercicio Físico (TEF), Director Técnico (DT) o no tener título. En este estudio participaron 300 profesionales/estudiantes y 85 practicantes, qué respondieron a un cuestionario online diseñado para tal fin. Los resultados de los profesionales/estudiantes mostraron que las principales tendencias se refieren a licencias (títulos) para profesionales de fitness, empleo de profesionales de fitness certificados, entrenamiento personal, ejercicio para bajar de peso y estilo de vida saludable y cambio de comportamiento. Portugal tiende a estar más en línea con las tendencias europeas que con las mundiales. En la comparación entre profesionales y practicantes hay diferencias en 4 de 42 tendencias. En cuanto al género, se identificaron diferencias significativas en 20 de las 42 tendencias. Comparando los profesionales que realizaban funciones con los que no, se encontraron diferencias en 7 de las 42 tendencias, mientras que entre los títulos profesionales de TEF, DT o sin título profesional se encontraron diferencias en 9 de las 42 tendencias. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) annually publishes a study that identifies worldwide fitness trends for the next year. The present study reproduced the methodology of the study of ACSM trends and intends to characterize the fitness trends in Portugal for 2021 according to professionals/students and clients in the sector, comparing the results with studies at a worldwide, European and Spanish level. In addition to the characterization, the trends between clients and professionals/students were compared, and in this between genders, whether or not to perform functions as a professional and hold the title of Physical Exercise Technician (TEF), Technical Director (DT) or not have title. 300 professionals/students and 85 clients answered an online questionnaire built for this purpose. The results of the professionals/students showed that the main trends concern licenses (titles) for fitness professionals, employ certified fitness professionals, personal training, exercise for weight loss and healthy lifestyle and behaviour change. Portugal tends to be more in line with European trends than worldwide ones. In the comparison between professionals and clients there are differences in 4 out of 42 trends. Regarding gender, significant differences were identified in 20 of the 42 trends. Comparing the professionals who performed functions with those who did not, differences were found in 7 of the 42 trends, while among the professional titles of TEF, DT or without professional title, differences were found in 9 of the 42 trends. O American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) publica anualmente um estudo que identifica as tendências mundiais do fitness para o ano seguinte. O presente estudo reproduziu a metodologia do estudo das tendências do ACSM e pretende caracterizar as tendências do fitness em Portugal para 2021 segundo os profissionais e estudantes do setor bem como os dos praticantes, confrontando os resultados com os estudos a nível mundial, europeu e espanhol. Para além da caracterização, foram comparadas as tendências entre os praticantes e os profissionais/estudantes, e nestes entre géneros, exercer ou não funções enquanto profissional e possuir o título de Técnico de Exercício Físico (TEF), Diretor Técnico (DT) ou não possuir título. Participaram neste estudo 300 profissionais/estudantes e 85 praticantes, que responderam a um questionário online construído para o efeito. Os resultados dos profissionais/estudantes demonstraram que as principais tendências dizem respeito a licenças (títulos) para profissionais de fitness, empregar profissionais de fitness certificados, treino personalizado, exercício para perda de peso e estilo de vida saudável e mudança comportamental. Portugal tende a ir mais ao encontro das tendências europeias, do que das mundiais. Na comparação entre os profissionais/estudantes e os praticantes existem diferenças em 4 das 42 tendências. Em relação ao género foram identificadas diferenças significativas em 20 das 42 tendências. Comparando os profissionais que exerciam funções com os que não exerciam, foram encontradas diferenças em 7 das 42 tendências, enquanto entre os títulos profissionais de TEF, DT ou sem título profissional foram encontradas diferenças em 9 das 42 tendências.

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Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para 2021 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain for 2021)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v1i40.83008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 780-789

Author(s):

Oscar Luis Veiga ◽

Manel Valcarce-Torrente ◽

Miguel Ángel De la Cámara

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sport Medicine ◽

Small Groups ◽

National Survey ◽

Response Rate ◽

Functional Training ◽

Personal Training ◽

National Surveys ◽

Health Situation ◽

De Medicina

Desde 2017 se realizan anualmente las Encuestas Nacionales de Tendencias de Fitness en España, reproduciendo la metodología de las encuestas internacionales promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM). El objetivo del presente estudio es presentar los resultados de la quinta encuesta española e identificar las principales tendencias en el sector del fitness español para el año 2021, así como comparar sus resultados con los obtenidos en las encuestas nacional e internacional para el año 2020. Dado que la presente edición se realiza en una situación sanitaria excepcional debido a la COVID-19, se trató de identificar su posible influencia en los resultados. La encuesta fue enviada a 6230 profesionales del sector del fitness recogiéndose un total de 503 respuestas (tasa de respuesta de 8.1%). Las tendencias más relevantes para 2021 fueron: “ejercicio y pérdida de peso”, “contratación de profesionales certificados”, “entrenamiento personal”, “entrenamiento personal en pequeños grupos" y “entrenamiento funcional”. Las tendencias en el top-20 en España para el año 2021 resultaron muy similares a las obtenidas para el año 2020 (17 coincidencias), si bien con algunos cambios reseñables en cuanto a su posición que podrían ser explicables por los efectos de la COVID-19. Las diferencias son mayores cuando se comparan con la encuesta internacional (solo 12 coincidencias) con relevantes diferencias en las posiciones ocupadas. Estos hallazgos confirman los encontrados en ediciones anteriores, mostrando bastante estabilidad de las tendencias en el sector del fitness español y una progresiva divergencia con las tendencias internacionales. Abstract. Since 2017 the National Surveys of Fitness Trends in Spain are yearly carried out, reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys endorsed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM). The objective of the current study is to show the findings of the fifth Spanish survey of fitness trends and identified the main trends in Spanish fitness sector for year 2021, as well as to compare its results with those got in the national and international surveys for 2020. Because of the current edition of the survey was carried out in an exceptional health situation by COVID-19, it was tried to identify its possible influence in its results. The survey was sent to 6230 professionals of the fitness sector and a total of 503 responses were collected (response rate 8.1 %). The more relevant trends for 2021year were: “exercise and weight loss”, “employing certificate fitness professional”, “personal training”, “personal training in small groups” and “functional training”. The top-20 trends in Spain for year 2021were very similar to those for year 2020 (17 coinciding trends), however with some remarkable changes in their positions, that could be explained by the COVID-19 effect. Differences are greater when trends are compared with worldwide survey (just 12 coinciding trends) with relevant differences in their positions. These findings confirm those ones found in previous editions showing rather stability in the trends in Spanish fitness sector and a progressive divergency with worldwide trends.

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Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para 2019 (2019 National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i35.67353 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 341-347

Author(s):

Oscar Luis Veiga Núñez ◽

Manel Valcarce Torrente ◽

Adrián King Cavero ◽

Miguel Ángel De la Cámara

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Global Trends ◽

Functional Training ◽

Personal Training ◽

National Surveys ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

De Medicina

En 2016 y 2017 se han realizado las primeras Encuestas Nacionales sobre Tendencias en Fitness en España, reproduciendo la metodología de las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias globales de fitness promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) desde 2006. Este estudio presenta los resultados de la tercera Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness para el año 2019. Su objetivo ha sido identificar las principales tendencias y su relevancia en el sector del fitness español para ese año. Se recogió la opinión de 600 profesionales del sector del fitness sobre 46 potenciales tendencias mediante un cuestionario online. Las tendencias más relevantes para 2019 en el contexto español son “personal formado, cualificado y experimentado”, “entrenamiento funcional”, “ejercicio y pérdida de peso”, “entrenamiento personal”, “entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad”, y “entrenamiento con el peso corporal”. Las tendencias en el sector del fitness en España para 2019 han resultado ser muy estables con respecto a las tendencias que emergieron en el top 20 en la encuesta de 2018, con solo 2 tendencias nuevas y apenas cambios en sus posiciones en ranking. Sin embargo, las diferencias son mucho mayores cuando se comparan con el top 20 de la encuesta internacional de 2018, con 8 tendencias diferentes (un 40%). Esto indica cierta divergencia de las tendencias de fitness en nuestro país y las tendencias globales del sector, mostrando una dinámica propia en el sector español.Abstract. In 2016 and 2017 the first National Surveys on Fitness Trend was carried out in Spain reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys about global fitness trends endorsed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) since 2006. This study shows the findings of the third National Survey of Fitness Trends aimed at identifying the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector and their relevance in 2019. The opinion of 600 professionals in the fitness sector about 46 potential trends were gathered via an online questionnaire. The more relevant trends in the Spanish context for 2019 were "educated, certified and experienced fitness professionals", "functional training", "exercise and weight loss", "personal training", "high intensity interval training" and “body weight training”. Trends in the Spanish fitness sector have been very stable in 2019 compared to those emerged in the top 20 in the 2018 survey, with only 2 new trends whereas the others remained almost unchanged in their ranking positions. However, differences were much greater when compared with the top 20 of the global survey of 2018, with 8 different trends (40%). This points to some divergences of fitness trend in our country and the global trends of the sector, showing a dynamic of its own in the Spanish Sector.

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Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en Colombia para el Año 2021 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Colombia for 2021)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v43i0.88528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Manel Valcarce-Torrente ◽

Oscar L Veiga ◽

Ángela Arroyo-Nieto ◽

Camilo Morales-Rincón

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Response Rate ◽

Well Being ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Fitness Programs ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

De Medicina

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y comparar las principales tendencias fitness para el año 2021 en Colombia con los hallazgos de la encuesta nacional realizada el año anterior y con los rankings español e internacional del año 2021. La información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta online replicando la metodología desarrollada por el Colegio Americano de Medicina el Deporte en las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias en fitness. El cuestionario se envió a 3.800 profesionales de distintos departamentos deportivos y de regiones de Colombia obteniéndose un total de 1700 respuestas (tasa de respuesta del 32.07%). Los resultados sitúan en el top 5 de tendencias en Colombia las “clases remotas/online”, las “apps de ejercicios”, los “programas de ejercicio para combatir la obesidad en niños y adolescentes”, los “programas de ejercicio para poblaciones con enfermedades” y los “programas fitness para adultos mayores”. Dentro del top 20 se encuentran 14 tendencias coincidentes con la encuesta nacional del año anterior, con ligeros cambios de posición; 11 equivalencias con el ranking español y 9 con el ranking de la encuesta internacional de 2021. Los resultados muestran una relevancia de la práctica de actividad física con fines orientados a la salud y el bienestar, además de un creciente interés por el uso de la tecnología en el sector del fitness. Abstract. The aim of the current study was to identify the main trends for the year 2021 in Colombia with the findings of the national survey carried out the previous year and with the Spanish and international rankings for 2021. The information was obtained through a survey online replicating the methodology developed by the American College of Sports Medicine in international surveys on trends in fitness. The questionnaire was sent to 3,800 professionals from different sports departments and regions of Colombia, obtaining a total of 1,700 responses (response rate of 32.07%). The results place in the top 5 of trends in Colombia: “online training”, “exercise apps”, “exercise programs against children and adolescent obesity”, “exercise programs for populations with diseases” and “fitness programs for older adults ”. Within the top 20 there are 14 trends that coincide with the national survey of the previous year, with slight changes in position; 11 equivalences with the Spanish ranking and 9 with the 2021 international survey ranking. The results show a relevance of the practice of physical activity for health and well-being-oriented purposes, as well as a growing interest in the use of technology in the fitness sector.

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Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para 2022 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain for 2022)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v44i0.91036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 625-635

Author(s):

Oscar L Veiga ◽

Manel Valcarce-Torrente ◽

Alejandro Romero-Caballero

Keyword(s):

Sports Medicine ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Common Trends ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Personal Training ◽

National Surveys ◽

Weight Loss Programs ◽

Fitness Training ◽

The Stability ◽

De Medicina

Esta es la sexta edición de las Encuestas Nacionales de Tendencias de Fitness en España, que reproducen de forma anual la metodología de las encuestas internacionales promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM). El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar las principales tendencias en el sector del fitness español mediante la presentación de los resultados de la encuesta realizada para 2022, así como comparar los resultados con los obtenidos en las encuestas nacional e internacional de 2021. Además, también se analizó el posible impacto del COVID-19 en la incorporación de tecnología en el sector del fitness en España. La encuesta fue enviada electrónicamente a un total de 6551 profesionales relacionados con el sector del fitness recogiéndose un total 520 respuestas (tasa de respuesta de 7.9%), de las cuales un 27.3% fueron mujeres. Las cinco tendencias más relevantes para 2022 fueron, por ese orden: “contratación de profesionales certificados”, “entrenamiento funcional de fitness”, “entrenamiento personal en pequeños grupos”, “entrenamiento personal” y “programas de ejercicio y pérdida de peso”. Las tendencias en el top-20 en España para 2022 fueron muy congruentes con las de 2021, tanto en el número de coincidencias (18 tendencias comunes) como en las posiciones ocupadas (dentro del top-10 hubo 9 tendencias comunes a ambas encuestas). Al igual que en años anteriores, se produjo una mayor discrepancia entre la encuesta española para 2022 y la encuesta internacional de 2021, con sólo 13 tendencias comunes dentro del top-20 y únicamente dos coincidencias en el top-10. Estos hallazgos vuelven a confirmar, en consonancia con ediciones anteriores, la estabilidad de las tendencias en el sector del fitness español y la progresiva divergencia con las tendencias internacionales. Abstract. This is the sixth edition of the National Surveys of Fitness Trends in Spain, which annually reproduces the methodology of the worldwide surveys endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). The objective of this study is to identify the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector by presenting the results of the Spanish survey for 2022, as well as comparing the results with those obtained in the national and international surveys for 2021. In addition, the possible impact of COVID-19 on the incorporation of technology in the fitness sector in Spain was also analyzed. The survey was electronically sent to 6551 professionals related to the fitness sector, collecting a total of 520 responses (response rate 7.9%), of which 27.3% were women and 72.7% were men. The five most relevant trends for 2022 were, in that order: “employing certificate fitness professional”, “functional fitness training”, “personal training in small groups”, “personal training” and “exercise and weight loss programs”. The trends in the top-20 in Spain for 2022 were very congruent with those of 2021, both in the number of coincidences (18 common trends) and in the positions occupied (9 common trends within the top-10). As in previous years, there was a greater discrepancy between the Spanish survey for 2022 and the worldwide survey for 2021, with only 13 common trends within the top-20 and only two coinciding trends in the top-10. These findings confirm again, in accordance with previous editions, the stability of trends in the Spanish fitness sector and the progressive divergence with worldwide trends.

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Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para el Año 2020 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain for 2020)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v37i37.74179 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 434-441

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel De la Cámara ◽

Manel Valcarce Torrente ◽

Óscar L Veiga

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Online Survey ◽

Work Teams ◽

International Survey ◽

Autonomous Communities ◽

Health Related ◽

Significant Divergence ◽

Clear Differentiation ◽

De Medicina

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las tendencias de fitness en España para el año 2020 según la opinión de los profesionales del sector a través de una encuesta online, así como comparar los resultados obtenidos con las tendencias identificadas por la Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness en España y la internacional del Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) del año 2019. La encuesta fue enviada a 6835 profesionales del sector del fitness de todas las comunidades autónomas españolas, incluidas las ciudades de Ceuta y Melilla y se recogieron un total de 513 respuestas (tasa de respuesta de 7,5%). Las tendencias más relevantes para 2020 en España son: “entrenamiento de fuerza”, “contratación de profesionales certificados” “equipos multidisciplinares de trabajo”, “entrenamiento funcional” y “regulación ejercicio profesionales fitness”. Además, las tendencias identificadas para 2020 indican una destacada importancia e interés hacia la profesionalización del sector del fitness y el fitness relacionado con la salud. Los resultados mostraron en gran medida una reproducción del top 20 de tendencias de la encuesta nacional de 2019 (16 tendencias coincidentes), aunque con cambios relevantes en las posiciones ocupadas y una diferenciación clara respecto a la encuesta internacional del ACSM (14 tendencias coincidentes) y con una importante divergencia en relación con sus posiciones.Abstract. The objective of this study was to identify the fitness trends in Spain for the year 2020 according to the opinion of professionals in the sector through an online survey, as well as compare the results obtained with the trends identified by the National Surveys on Fitness Trend in Spain and the international survey of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 2019. The survey was sent to 6835 fitness professionals from all Spanish autonomous communities, including the cities of Ceuta and Melilla. A total of 513 responses were collected (response rate of 7.5%). The most relevant trends for 2020 in Spain are: "strength training", " employing certified fitness professionals", "multidisciplinary work teams", "functional training" and "licensure for fitness professionals". In addition, the trends identified for 2020 indicate an outstanding importance and interest towards the professionalization of fitness sector and the health-related fitness . The results largely showed a reproduction of the top 20 trends of the 2019 national survey (16 coinciding trends), although with relevant changes in terms of positions and a clear differentiation from the 2019’s ACSM international survey (14 coinciding trends) and with a significant divergence in relation to their positions.

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How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.4.208 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Astrup

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Weight Control ◽

Healthy Body Weight ◽

Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

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REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES IN RAT LIVER: THE EFFECT OF 19-NORTESTOSTERONE AND THE INFLUENCE OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON THE ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0770287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 287-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rüdiger Ghraf ◽

Edmund Rodney Lax ◽

Hanns-Georg Hoff ◽

Herbert Schriefers

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Cyproterone Acetate ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

Seminal Vesicles ◽

Normal Male ◽

Steroid Hydroxylases ◽

Drug Leads

ABSTRACT The androgens testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone, the anabolic drug 19-nortestosterone and the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate were investigated with regard to their modifying action on the sexual differentiation of the activities of rat liver enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolism. The activities of the enzymes (Δ4-5α-hydrogenase, 20-ketoreductase, 3α-and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-dependent Δ4-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, total steroid hydroxylases, 7α- and 16α-hydroxylase) were determined in cell-free liver fractions of male animals castrated on day 25 of life and killed on day 90; and of castrated animals which, from day 75 to 89 received daily sc injections (0.3 mg/100 g body weight) of the anabolic drug or the androgen only or in combination with cyproterone acetate (3 mg/100 g body weight). With the exception of 7α-hydroxylase castration leads to a feminization of the enzyme activity pattern. However, the degree of feminization varies from enzyme to enzyme. The administration of testosterone or of 5α-dihydrotestosterone reverses the effect of castration. With 5α-dihydrotestosterone activity values were reached which in some cases were significantly higher than those obtained with testosterone. Although both androgens restored the enzyme activities to the normal male values, neither androgen was able to compensate for the weight loss of the seminal vesicles in the dose administered. The administration of 19-nortestosterone in the same dose as testosterone is only 30 % as effective in restoring the weight loss of the seminal vesicles, but leads to identical activities of Δ4-5α-hydrogenase and of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as are found for testosterone. 19-Nortestosterone is without influence on the activities of total steroid hydroxylases and of 16α-hydroxylase. 16α-Hydroxylase is the only enzyme in which the activity enhancing effects of testosterone or of 5α-dihydrotestosterone can be completely blocked by the simultaneous administration of the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate. In all other enzyme activities the anti-androgen does not interfere with the effect of the androgens although it blocks their action on the weight restitution of the seminal vesicles by 60–70 %. 7α-Hydroxylase does not exhibit any androgen dependency. Neither castration nor the subsequent administration of the two androgens, or of the anabolic drug leads to any alterations in activity. However, it is interesting to note that the administration of cyproterone acetate does cause an increase in activity.

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