scholarly journals Variables antropométricas, maduración somática y flujo espiratorio: determinantes de la masa libre de grasa en jóvenes nadadores (Anthropometric variables, somatic maturation and expiratory flow: determinants of fat-free mass in young swimmers)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
Marco Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Jesica Rubio-Gonzalez ◽  
Cristian Luarte-Rocha ◽  
Margot Rivera-Portugal ◽  
Camilo Urra-Albornoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forearm Length ◽  
Age And Sex

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) analizar la relación entre las variables antropométricas, edad cronológica, maduración somática y flujo espiratorio máximo con la Masa libre de grasa (MLG) de jóvenes nadadores y b) proponer ecuaciones de regresión que permitan predecir la MLG de nadadores por edad biológica y sexo. Se estudió a 36 nadadores (21 hombres y 15 mujeres) entre los 10.0 a 16.9 años, de la selección de Natación del Maule (Chile). Se evaluó el peso, estatura, estatura sentada, longitud del antebrazo, circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el Flujo espiratorio Máximo (FEM). Se calculó la edad cronológica y edad biológica por antropometría. Se obtuvo los valores de la composición corporal (MLG, Masa ósea y masa grasa) por medio de la Absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). La MLG se relacionó con la edad cronológica (R2= 0.46), biológica (R2= 0.69), Peso (R2= 0.86), estatura (R2= 0.77), estatura sentada (R2= 0.66) longitud del antebrazo (R2= 0.69), circunferencia del brazo derecho (R2= 0.55) y FEM (R2= 0.69). Se generaron cuatro ecuaciones de regresión para cada sexo las que evidenciaron un R2 Ajustado entre 86 a 90% en hombres y en mujeres entre 95 a 97%. La edad biológica, la longitud del antebrazo, la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el FEM son excelentes predictores de la MLG. Las ecuaciones generadas sirven para controlar, diagnosticar, monitorizar la MLG de los jóvenes nadadores por edad biológica y sexo. Abstract. The objectives of this work were: a) to analyze the relationship between anthropometric variables, chronological age, somatic maturation and maximum expiratory flow with Fat Free Mass (MLG) of young swimmers and b) propose regression equations that allow to predict MLG of swimmers by biological age and sex. We studied 36 swimmers (21 men and 15 women) between 10.0 and 16.9 years old, from the selection of Maule Swimming (Chile). Weight, height, sitting height, forearm length, calf circumference and Maximum Expiratory Flow (FEM) were evaluated. Chronological age and biological age were calculated by anthropometry. The values of body composition (MLG, Bone Mass and fat mass) were obtained by means of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). MLG was related to chronological age (R2 = 0.46), biological age (R2 = 0.69), weight (R2 = 0.86), height (R2 = 0.77), sitting height (R2 = 0.66) forearm length (R2 = 0.69), circumference of the right arm (R2 = 0.55) and FEM (R2 = 0.69). Four regression equations were generated for each sex, which showed an adjusted R2 between 86% and 90% in men, and in women between 95% and 97%. The biological age, the length of the forearm, the circumference of the calf and the FEM are excellent predictors of MLG. The generated equations serve to control, diagnose, and monitor the MLG of young swimmers by biological age and sex.

scholarly journals Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5157
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Cynthia Andruske ◽  
Miguel Arruda ◽  
Jose Sulla-Torres ◽  
Jaime Pacheco-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background The norms for evaluating the maximum expiratory flow (MEF) usually are developed according to chronological age and height. However, to date, little research has been conducted using reference values that take into account the temporal changes of biological maturation. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the MEF with those of other international studies, (b) align the MEF values with chronological and biological age, and (c) propose reference standards for children and adolescents. Methods The sample studied consisted of 3,566 students of both sexes (1,933 males and 1,633 females) ranging in age from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, and sitting height were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Biological maturation was predicted by using age of peak height velocity growth (APHV). MEF (L/min) was obtained by using a forced expiratory manoeuvre. Percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. Results and Discussion Predicted APHV was at age 14.77 ± 0.78 years for males and for females at age 12.74 ± 1.0 years. Biological age was more useful than chronological age for assessing MEF in both sexes. Based on these findings, regional percentiles were created to diagnose and monitor the risk of asthma and the general expiratory status of paediatric populations.

Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Pelt ◽  
Ph. H. Quanjer ◽  
M. E. Wise ◽  
E. van der Burg ◽  
R. van der Lende
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

scholarly journals Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Marco Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Rubén Vidal-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos ◽  
Luis Urzua-Alul ◽  
José Damián Fuentes-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

(1) Background: Spirometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many respiratory diseases. The objectives were: (a) compare maximum expiratory flow (MEF) values with those from international studies, (b) determine if MEF should be evaluated by chronological age and/or maturity, (c) develop reference norms for children, and adolescents. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 3900 subjects ages 6.0 and 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, sitting height, and MEF were measured. Length of the lower limbs, body mass index (BMI), and age of peak height velocity growth (APHV) were calculated. (3) Results: Values for the curves (p50) for females of all ages from Spain and Italy were higher (92 to 382 (L/min)) than those for females from Arequipa (Peru). Curve values for males from Spain and Italy were greater [70 to 125 (L/min)] than the males studied. MEF values were similar to those of Chilean students ages 6 to 11. However, from 12 to 17 years old, values were lower in males (25 to 55 (L/min)) and in females (23.5 to 90 (L/min)). Correlations between chronological age and MEF in males were from (r = 0.68, R2 = 0.39) and in females from (r = 0.46, R2 = 0.21). Correlations between maturity (APHV) and MEF for males were from (r = 0.66, R2 = 0.44) and for females (r = 0.51, R2 = 0.26). Percentiles were calculated for chronological age and APHV. Conclusion: Differences occurred in MEF when compared with other geographical regions of the world. We determined that maturity may be a more effective indicator for analyzing MEF. Reference values were generated using chronological age and maturity.

How do health and biological age influence chronological age and sex differences in cognitive aging: Moderating, mediating, or both?

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Wahlin ◽  
Stuart W. S. MacDonald ◽  
Cindy M. de Frias ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Insensitivity of maximum expiratory flow to bronchodilation in normal dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2006-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eng ◽  
A. Gomez ◽  
S. Mink
Keyword(s):  
Wave Speed ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
The Right

We examined the effects of the inhaled parasympatholytic agent atropine and the sympathomimetic agent salbutamol on partitioned frictional pressure (Pfr) losses to the site of flow limitation (choke point, CP) in dogs to see how changes brought about by these agents would affect maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) and response to breathing 80% He-20% O2 (delta Vmax) in terms of wave-speed theory of flow limitation. In open-chest dogs, a Pitot-static tube was advanced down the right lower lobe to locate CP, to determine CP lateral and end-on pressures (PE), and to partition the airway into peripheral (alveoli to sublobar) and central (sublobar to CP) segments. Measurements were obtained at approximately 50% vital capacity. After inhalation, CP locations were unchanged with both bronchodilating agents. After atropine inhalation, Pfr central was decreased by one-half compared with base line. Despite the decrease in Pfr central, however, Vmax failed to increase after atropine because of altered bronchial area pressure (BAP) behavior at the CP site. After salbutamol inhalation, Pfr peripheral was reduced by about one-half compared with base line. However, Vmax failed to increase, because this reduction was too small to significantly increase the CP pressure head (i.e., PE). delta Vmax was also insensitive to these agents. Our results show mechanisms by which small changes in Pfr, as well as the complex interaction of changes in Pfr and BAP, may limit the use of Vmax in detecting bronchodilation at different airway sites.

El Flujo espiratorio Máximo y la Fuerza de prensión Manual predicen la salud ósea de niños y adolescentes (Maximum expiratory flow and handgrip strength predict bone health in children and adolescents)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Fernando Alvear-Vasquez ◽  
Rossana Gomez-Campos ◽  
Paz Pezoa-Fuentes ◽  
Camilo Urra-Albornoz ◽  
Javiera Caceres-Bahamondes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objetivos: Analizar la relación de la fuerza de prensión manual FPM con el Flujo espiratorio Máximo FEM y verificar como estos parámetros en conjunto pueden contribuir sobre la salud ósea en niños y adolescentes. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo (correlacional). Se estudió de forma probabilística a 253 niños y adolescentes (134 hombres y 119 mujeres). El rango de edad fue de 6,0 hasta 15,0 años. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura de pie, estatura sentada, longitud del antebrazo derecho, el diámetro del fémur derecho, la fuerza de prensión manual FPM derecha e izquierda y el flujo espiratorio máximo FEM. Se calculó la densidad mineral ósea DMO y el contenido mineral óseo CMO por medio de ecuaciones de regresión antropométrica. Resultados: Se observó correlaciones positivas entre FPM con el FEM en ambos sexos (R2adjust = 30 a 37%). La FPM de forma individual explica la DMO y el CMO entre 58 a 69%, mientras que el FEM entre 35 a 42%. Ambas variables en conjunto (FPM derecha e izquierda + FEM) explican la DMO y el CMO entre 67 a 68%. Conclusión: Se observó correlaciones positivas entre la FPM y FEM en escolares de ambos sexos. Ambos variables son determinantes para predecir la salud ósea de niños y adolescentes. Estos resultados sugieren que ambos parámetros pueden servir como indicadores de aptitud funcional para identificar la fragilidad ósea entre niños y adolescentes. Abstract. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between manual grasping force (FPM) and Maximum expiratory flow (FEM), and to verify how these parameters together can contribute to bone health in children and adolescents. Methodology: A descriptive (correlational) study was carried out. A total of 253 children and adolescents (134 boys and 119 girls) were selected probabilistically. The age range is 6.0 to 15.0 years old. Weight, standing height, sitting height, right forearm length, right biepicondylar femur diameter, right and left FPM, and peak FEM were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (CMD) were calculated by means of anthropometric regression equations. Results: Positive correlations were observed between FPM and FEM in both sexes (R2adjust = 30 to 37%). FPM individually explains BMD and CMD by 58% to 69%, while FEM by 35% to 42%. Both variables together (right and left FPM + FEM) explain BMD and CMD by 67% to 68%. Conclusion: Positive correlations were observed between FPM and FEM in schoolchildren of both sexes. Both variables are determinant to predict children's and adolescents' bone health. These results suggest that both parameters can serve as indicators of functional aptitude to identify bone fragility among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Maternal dietary quality, inflammatory potential and offspring adiposity throughout childhood: a pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts (ALPHABET consortium)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Wei Chen ◽  
Adrien Aubert ◽  
Jonathan Y. Bernard ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Offspring Adiposity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractIntroductionThe foetal programming hypothesis posits that optimising early life factors e.g. maternal diets can help avert the burden of adverse childhood outcomes e.g. childhood obesity. To improve applicability to public health messaging, we investigated whether maternal whole diet quality and inflammatory potential influence childhood adiposity in a large consortium.MethodsWe harmonized and pooled individual participant data from up to 8,769 mother-child pairs in 7 European mother-offspring cohorts. Maternal early-, late-, and whole-pregnancy dietary quality and inflammatory potential were assessed with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), respectively. Primary outcome was childhood overweight and obesity (OWOB), defined as age- and sex-specific body-mass-index-z score (BMIz) > 85th percentile based on WHO growth standard. Secondary outcomes were sum-of-skinfold-thickness (SST), fat-mass-index (FMI) and fat-free-mass-index (FFMI) in available cohorts. Outcomes were assessed in early- [mean (SD) age: 2.8 (0.3) y], mid- [6.2 (0.6) y], and late-childhood [10.6 (1.2) y]. We used multivariable regression analyses to assess the associations of maternal E-DII and DASH with offspring adiposity outcomes in cohort-specific analyses, with subsequent random-effects meta-analyses. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, lifestyle factors, energy intake, educational attainment, offspring age and sex.ResultsA more pro-inflammatory maternal diet, indicated by higher E-DII, was associated with a higher risk of offspring late-childhood OWOB [pooled-OR (95% CI) comparing highest vs. lowest E-DII quartiles: 1.22 (1.01,1.47) for whole-pregnancy and 1.38 (1.05,1.83) for early-pregnancy; both P < 0.05]. Moreover, higher late-pregnancy E-DII was associated with higher mid-childhood FMI [pooled-β (95% CI): 0.11 (0.003,0.22) kg/m2; P < 0.05]; trending association was observed for whole-pregnancy E-DII [0.12 (-0.01,0.25) kg/m2; P = 0.07]. A higher maternal dietary quality, indicated by higher DASH score, showed a trending inverse association with late-childhood OWOB (pooled-OR (95% CI) comparing highest vs. lowest DASH quartiles: 0.58 (0.32,1.02; P = 0.06). Higher early-pregnancy DASH was associated with lower late-childhood SST [pooled-β (95% CI): -1.9 (-3.6,-0.1) cm; P < 0.05] and tended to be associated with lower late-childhood FMI [-0.34 (-0.71,0.04) kg/m2; P = 0.08]. Higher whole-pregnancy DASH tended to associate with lower early-childhood SST [-0.33 (-0.72,0.06) cm; P = 0.10]. Results were similar when modelling DASH and E-DII continuously.DiscussionAnalysis of pooled data suggests that pro-inflammatory, low-quality maternal antenatal diets may influence offspring body composition and obesity risk, especially during mid- or late-childhood. Due to variation of data availability at each timepoint, our results should be interpreted with caution. Because most associations were observed at mid-childhood or later, future studies will benefit from a longer follow-up.

scholarly journals 532 Maximum Expiratory Flow in Health Children from the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S169
Author(s):  
Dora Valdes ◽  
Sandra González-Díaz ◽  
Alejandra Macías-Weinmann ◽  
Alfredo Arias-Cruz ◽  
Jose Canseco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Biological Senescence: Loss of Integration and Resilience

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Eugene Yates ◽  
Laurel A. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanics ◽  
Internal Time ◽  
Flow Of Time

ABSTRACTThe flow of time can be conceptualized either as a cycle or an arrow. We offer a combined view: a helix. Chronological age (geophysical time reference) is not necessarily identical to biological age (internal time reference), and aging does not necessarily imply senescence. A new scheme of senescence, based on homeodynamics (nonlinear mechanics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics), is introduced as a plausible physical basis for understanding senescence. We propose that energy throughput, initially constructive of forms and functions, becomes destructive once most of the available degrees of freedom have been “frozen out” by the construction. Senescence becomes manifested at that point.

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