scholarly journals The Impact of Polluting Sources on the Physical-Chemical Properties of Water in the Curved River in Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374

It has already become a tradition to research the pollution with heavy metals of surface and groundwater. Very few studies have been done to assess the ecological status of rivers in Kosovo, based on their assessment through physical-chemical parameters, such as: pH, OT, BOD5, COD, N-NH4, NO3-, NT, PO4-P, PT. Although it is known that physical-chemical pollution of surface water is present in the flow of rivers, since in the impossibility of setting up plants for the treatment of industrial and urban wastewater, in all cases their discharge is done in a way free and uncontrolled. Therefore, our object of study consists in the real evidence of physical-chemical pollution of the waters of the Curved River (Kriva Reka), a segment of which crosses the industrial area of ​​the Artana Mine, located in the northeastern part of Kosovo. During the research work we have identified six monitoring points: M1 and M6 represent the river waters outside the industrial zone, while the other four monitoring points reflect the industrial discharge waters and the polluted river waters in the industrial zone. Classical and instrumental methods of analytical chemistry have been applied to determine physical-chemical parameters. The results obtained after the analysis of water samples give the values of physical-chemical parameters, based on which we estimate that the Curved River is characterized by poor ecological status.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julija Pauraitė-Dudek

The impact of submicron aerosol source and physical-chemical parameters on atmospheric radiative balance


Author(s):  
M Sadiku ◽  
S Kadriu ◽  
M Kelmendi ◽  
D Ibishi

Purpose. To reflect the impact of discharge waters from the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining on the pollution of the Drenica River with heavy metals. According to our estimation, the effect of mining on the river pollution is undeniable. Methodology. The standard methods ISO 5667-6, ISO 5667-11, and ISO 5667-1.3 were used to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the Drenica River surface water. The EPA-3015A method was applied for sample preparation, while the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Standard ISO methods were applied for determining the following parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NNH4, NO3-, TN, PO4P, and TP. Findings. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the river Drenica have exceeded the allowed values as a result of industrial activities. Originality. The paper supplies new additional information on the ecological status of the Drenica River, based on samples taken along the river, especially where the greatest impact of the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining could be. The problematic of this research is quite contemporary; river pollution affects the life chain. Practical value. We believe that the content and problems in the focus of the research are topical and present significant interest to all those who deal with environmental issues.


Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dyjakon ◽  
Łukasz Sobol ◽  
Tomasz Noszczyk ◽  
Jakub Mitręga

A large portion of food loss and waste (FSL) is comprised of seeds and stones. Exotic fruits such as mangoes, lychees and avocados, in which the seeds account for a significant part of the weight and volume of the entire product, are most affected by this problem. The seeds contain a large quantity of polyphenols and essential nutrients, which makes them a good material for extraction. However, conventional extraction techniques are considered time-consuming, and therefore significantly limit their use on an industrial scale. An alternative method of managing the seeds may be their energy utilization. In this study, torrefaction was proposed as a method for the valorization of exotic fruit seeds (mango, lychee, avocado). Thus, the influence of torrefaction temperature (200–300 °C) on the physical-chemical properties of substrates was investigated. The obtained results revealed that, in relation to the unprocessed raw materials, the torreficates are characterized by improved hydrophobic properties (all materials are classified as extremely hydrophobic), higher heating value (at 300 °C the values increased from 17,789 to 24,842 kJ∙kg−1 for mango, from 18,582 to 26,513 kJ∙kg−1 for avocado, and from 18,584 to 25,241 kJ∙kg−1 for lychee), higher fixed carbon content (which changed from 7.87–15.38% to 20.74–32.47%), and significant mass loss, by 50–60%. However, as a side effect of thermal treatment, an increase in ash content (approx. 2–3 times but still less than in coal) was observed. Therefore, the torreficates may be competitive with coal. The possibility of using residues from the food processing sector as a substrate for energy purposes is important from the point of view of environment protection and is a part of the functioning of the circular economy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022023
Author(s):  
Eric Kalisa ◽  
Jana Korytárová

Abstract The article focuses on the analysis of the development and use of industrial zones, which represent areas for the concentrated location of manufacturing sites specialised in a particular industry, strategic services, or technology centres. Both services and industry have an impact as the top engines of Gross Domestic Product and the labour force employment both in the Czech Republic and European Union. The area and the predominant category of economic activities are important parameters of each industrial zone. They place demands on the employees, transport, technical equipment, landscape, and settlement within the impact on the territory. The main goal of the research was the analysis of the industrial zone as a territory where warehouse and production hall projects are implemented. The analysis of warehouse and production hall construction investment was performed in Žďár nad Sázavou. The study of this project presents the project impact on the industrial area and the deviation between the project plan and the audited reality. The research sample consisted of 12 selected warehouse and production hall projects located in Central and Eastern Europe in various phases of their life cycle - the planning, implementation or operational phases. One of the partial outputs of the article is a SWOT analysis which deals with variables that affect project effectiveness both from the perspective of the investor and the public in the area where they are located. Implementation and operation of such projects significantly affect public life, so their potential socio-economic impact on the economic cash flow creation was examined.


2021 ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
Zahraa N. Khalaf ◽  
Muhanned R. Nashaat ◽  
Jameel S. AL-Sariy

The current study was conducted on the southern part of Gharaf  River in   order to define the physical-chemical properties and the impact of the Tigris River’s floodplain water on its ecological characteristics during 2019. Four sites were selected along the southern part of the river. The findings showed a strong connection between the temperature of air and water at all sites. A value ranging from 4.85 - 84.65 NTU was reported for turbidity. The water was found to be oligohaline, low alkaline, and well ventilated due to high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Gharaf  River is considered to be of questionable clean water, according to the results of BOD5. The total alkalinity values were recorded to be in the range of 92-292.8 mg /L, which are higher than the acceptable limits of 20-200 mg /L CaCO3 for the Iraqi and international water standards. It was also found that Gharaf  River water was very hard, but still within the allowable natural water limits (200 mg /L Ca and 150 mg /L Mg). Concentrations of sulphate ranged 50-200 mg / L, while levels of bicarbonate ranged 140-230 mg /L. On the other hand, ranges of 3354-855 mg / L and 3-85 mg / L, respectively, were recorded for TDS and TSS. In addition, nitrates values were found to be in the range of 0.04-5.14 mg / L, being below the permissible limits for Iraqi water (15 mg / L). Other values observed for phosphates were 0.004-0.085 mg / L. Overall, the results demonstrated different effects on the properties of Gharaf  River water during and after the floodplain period.


Author(s):  
А.Г. Гурбанов ◽  
А.Б. Лексин ◽  
В.М. Газеев ◽  
О.А. Гурбанова ◽  
А.Б. Лолаев ◽  
...  

В статье на основании результатов геохимических исследований проб воды и дебитов в кон- трольных пунктах р. Ардон приведены впервые рассчитанные количества (в кг/месяц) металлов и металло- идов, выносящихся загрязненными (отходами деятельности ССЦК) водами р. Ардон на предгорную равнину. На основании сравнительного анализа количеств металлов, выносящихся водой р. Ардон, выявлен еще один из основных источников техногенного загрязнения ее вод в равнинной части, представленный аллювиальными донными осадками. Экологическое состояние воды в р. Ардон, а соответственно и в реке более высокого порядка Тереке, как водоема рыбохозяйственного значения первой категории, ухудшилось, и из ее оборота пока (20012003 гг.) выведено 90 га нерестовых и нагульных площадей для ценных пород рыб. Однако, судя по полученным в 2015 г. данным, состояние вод р. Ардон ухудшается и будет постоянно ухудшаться, что в итоге может привести к экологической катастрофе федерального уровня. Анализ всех полученных последних и опубликованных ранее данных показал, что представляется целесоо- бразным проведение исследований на федеральном уровне с опробованием (воды и донных осадков) в выбран- ных нами контрольных пунктах: устьях притоков р. Терек Ардона, Фиагдона и Баксана, дренирующих многочисленные месторождения Са- донского и Тырныаузского рудных полей с Унальским, Фиагдонским и Тырныаузскими хвостохранилищами р. Терек, как после впадения в него рек более низкого порядка Ардона, Фиагдона и Баксана (Малки), так и далее вниз по его течению, вплоть до его впадения в Каспийское море. Представляется также целесообразным отбор представительных проб илов и воды в дельте Терека, так как при смешении относительно холодных пресных речных вод, обогащенных рядом металлов, с теплыми со- леными морскими водами, с различными рН и еН, может возникнуть природный геохимический барьер, на кото- ром более 90 лет происходит осаждение и накопление ряда металлов и металлоидов. Этот процесс может привести к формированию комплексного осадочного месторождения. Результаты анализа отобранных проб подтвердят или опровергнут наше предположение. The new data published fi rstly of the calculated quantity (in kg/month) metals and metalloids issued on submountain plain by contaminated with wastes of the SLZC Ardon river waters. TBased on a comparative analysis of the quantities of metals, takeawayed by waters of the Ardon river, identifi ed another major source of the technogenic pollution of its waters in the plains of alluvial sediment deposition submitted. Environmental condition of the water in the Ardon river, and therefore in the higher-order river-Terek as a fi sheries values reservoir deteriorated and 90 hectares of spawning and bottom areas for valuable breeds of fi shes derived from its turnover (2001-2003). However, according to the data in 2015 year the conditions of the Ardon river waters deteriorating and will deteriorate continuously, which eventually may lead to an environmental disaster of the federal level. Analysis of all recent and previously published data showed that it is expedient to conduct research at the federal level testing (water and bottom sediments) in selected checkpoints: - in the mouths of the Terek river fl ows - Ardon, Fiagdon and Baksan rivers, which drain the numerous deposits of Sadon and Tyrnyauz ore fi elds with Unal, Fiagdon and Tyrnyauz tailings - in the Terek river after the confl uence of the lower order rivers - Ardn, Fiagdon and Baksan (Malka) and further down on its fl ow, until its confl uence into the Caspian Sea. The selection of representative samples of silts and water in Terek river delta it is also useful, as when mixing of relatively cold fresh river water enriched with a number of metals with warm salty sea water with different pH and eH, may occur natural geochemical barrier, where more than 90 years the accumulation of deposition of number of metals and metalloids occurs. This process can lead to the formation of an integrated of sedimentary deposits. The results of the analysis of samples taken will confi rm or deny our assumption.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732092484
Author(s):  
Demush Bajraktari ◽  
Biljana Bauer Petrovska ◽  
Lulzim Zeneli ◽  
Aneta Dimitrovska ◽  
Zoran Kavrakovski

Plants grown under contaminated conditions exhibit differences in metal absorption, accumulation, and transportation, and these differences are seen in different plant parts. Metal content in the soil and bark samples collected next to the Sitnica river, which passes through the industrial area of thermal power plants in Kosovo, was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The total metal concentration in willow bark collected from the polluted area of Obilic, Kosovo, ranged 5260–22,280 mg/kg for calcium (Ca), 840–1680 mg/kg for magnesium (Mg), 66.79–910.75 mg/kg for iron (Fe), 5.09–28.66 mg/kg for copper (Cu), 56.39–140.94 mg/kg for zinc (Zn), 19.68–392.75 mg/kg for manganese (Mn), 6.49–10.09 mg/kg for nickel (Ni), 0.10–4.49 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd), 0.85–1.89 mg/kg for chromium (Cr), and 67.79–94.77 mg/kg for aluminum (Al). Data analysis indicated that correlation between trace elements in the soil and willow bark samples varied with the highest observed in Ni(s)/Zn(p) and Fe(s)/Ca(p) followed by Fe(s)/Mg(p), Al(s)/Ca(p), Cr(s)/Mg(p), Cr(s)/Cu(p), Ni(s)/Ni(p), Cu(s)/Ca(p), and Cu(s)/Zn(p). Correlations among trace elements within willow bark samples varied. The correlation between Cr and Al concentration was the highest, followed by that between Ni and Al. A significantly strong correlation was observed between Al and Fe, Ni and Cr, Cr and Fe, Ni and Fe, and Ca and Mg. The highest transfer factor was established in Zn, followed by Cu > Ni > Cr > Al > Fe.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Rezwanul Habib ◽  
Md Younus Ali ◽  
Mohammad Ashiqul Islam ◽  
Md Harun Ur Rashid

This research work was carried out to assess the physical, chemical quality and detection of adulteration in raw milk collected from goals of five different places of Mymensingh sadar upazila (BAU Sheshmore, BAU KR market, train going vendor, sweetmeat shop and Dhudmohol) in Bangladesh. Results shows that milk from sweet meat shop had 100% yellowish white colour, normal (milky) flavor and free flowing liquid whereas other sources milk varies with their percentage in terms of physical parameters. Specific gravity of milk from various sources differed significantly (p<0.01) and all the chemical parameters of milk sample collected from different sources differed significantly (p<0.01). Significantly higher percentage of total solids (12.67±0.10) and fat content (4.36±0.07) was found in milk from goala of sweet meat shop than others. All of the adulteration tests showed negative result that means no adulterant materials was found in the collected milk samples. Considering the results, it could be inferred that there was an ample fluctuation present on qualities of milk samples collected from the goalas of different places of Mymensingh sadar regarding the standard of the parameters and the raw milk samples from sweetmeat shop were of good quality. The results suggested that milk purchase from reliable sources is very much important for consumers due to its quality.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 99-106, August 2017


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