scholarly journals Restricted Selection Index to Relieve the Negative Repercussion in Reproductive Performance of Holstein Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Restricted Selection ◽  
True Breeding Value

The aim of this investigation was to develop restricted selection index aiming to improve 305-day yields of milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY), while keeping the deterioration in days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and number of services per conception (NSPC) at minimum levels in Holstein cows. The data represent 3682 records of 1122 cows, daughters of 95 sires and 712 dams. The data were analyzed by multi-trait animal model with repeated measures. Eight selection indexes (five unrestricted and three restricted) were derived using MY, FY, PY, CI, DO and NSPC in various combinations as sources of information in the indexes. However, the true breeding value included MY, FY and PY. The highest accuracy of selection (0.60) resulted from selection based on the full index. Milk yield and SPC appeared to be the most valuable traits in the full index. Combining the two traits into one index (the best reduced index) gave 0.57 accuracy of selection. The index based on MY alone (the most accurate single trait index) gave 0.53 accuracy. It seems possible to reduce the expected genetic deterioration in the reproductive traits by restricting the full index to result in zero genetic change in NSPC (rTI=0.48). This restriction will allow the breeder to mitigate the deterioration in DO and CI by 12 and 16 days respectively, by sacrificing with part of the expected genetic improvement in productive traits (29, 40 and 48% in MY, FY and PY, respectively).

scholarly journals Direct and Maternal Genetic Trends for Some Productive and Reproductive Traits in Egyptian Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abu El- Naser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Maternal Heritability ◽  
Daily Milk

This study was done to determine the direct and maternal genetic and phenotypic trends for productive traits such as first lactation milk yield (FLMY, kg), first lactation period (FLP, d) and first lactation daily milk (FLDM, kg), and reproductive traits such as age at first calving (AFC, mo), First days open (FDO, d) and first calving interval (FCI, d). Data were collected over consecutive 25 years (1991 to 2015) of 1104 first lactation of 135 sires and 482 dams maintained at Mahallet Mousa farms of Animal Production Research Institute. Data were analyzed by Animal model to determine genetic parameters for studied traits. Means of FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI were 1546.5kg, 189d, 7.9kg, 37.9mo, 120.8d and 428d, respectively. The direct heritability (h2a) for same traits were 0.25, 0.18, 0.24, 0.45, 0.18 and 0.19, respectively. Corresponding maternal heritability (h2m) for mentioned traits was 0.12, 0.19, 0.22, 0.25, 0.12 and 0.12, respectively. Genetic correlations (rg) among studied traits were varied between -0.19 to 0.38. Accuracy of predicted breeding value varied between 69 to 94, 0.37 to 94 and 42 to 91% for FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI of sires, cows and dams, respectively that revealed the genetic improvement could be actualized through each of cows or sires or dams. Additive and maternal genetic, permanent environmental and phenotypic trends were not significant for all studied traits. It indicated that it is important to set up a plan to improve genetic and environmental conditions thus, increasing productivity and realization of high profitability.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for physic nut traits based in the germplasm two years evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Alexandre Alonso Alves ◽  
Fábio de Lima Gurgel ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
True Breeding Value

In spite of increasingly widespread interest in planting physic nut, breeding efforts are still in its infancy. In that context, an important resource recently established aiming future breeding efforts was the assembly of a germplasm bank with near 200 accessions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters, repeatibility coefficients and genetic correlation between seven traits, measured in 110 accessions (half sib families) of this germplasm bank in different stages of development. The results show that higher relative values of additive variance were only found for yield and height, and the existence of low environmental variation (either of temporary or permanent nature) among plots within blocks. Given the high repeatibility values found for all traits, on average three measurements are necessary to predict, accurately and efficiently, the true breeding value of an individual. Based on the results of genetic correlations, breeding effort should initially be use track trees with increased stem diameter, elevated number of branches and canopy volume so as to increase the chances of finding an exceptionally highly productive tree.

An investigation of fertility haplotypes in Holstein cows of Dutch origin under environments of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
L. Getmantseva ◽  
V. Shevtsova ◽  
M. Kolosova ◽  
O. Romanenkova ◽  
O. Kostyunina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Breeding Farms

The intensification of animal husbandry in recent years has led to a significant increase in the productivity of farm animals. The use of modern breeding methods has led to a decrease in genetic diversity and the spread of recessive lethal and semi-lethal mutations in the animal genome. In the world population of cattle of Holstein rather high rates of fertility haplotypes have been identified that affect reproductive traits as well as those associated with embryonic and post-embryonic mortality at various stages. The results of an investigation of Holstein cows of Dutch origin (n=70) are housed in one of the breeding farms of the Rostov region for the presence of 4 fertility haplotypes: HCD (APOB), HH0 (FANCI), HH3 (SMC2) and HH5 (TFB1M) have been presented in the article. The researches have been performed as part of the task of the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations No. AAAA18-118021590138-1. In order to diagnose mutations test systems developed in the laboratory of molecular principles of selection of the Department of biotechnology and molecular diagnostics of animals of the Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry – All-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry named after academician L. K. Ernst have been used. Hidden carriers of haplotypes HCD, HH0 and HH3 have been identified in the studied group of cows. The frequency of HCD, HH0, and HH3 haplotypes was 1,43 %, 7,14 and 4,29 %, respectively. Carriers of the HH5 haplotype have been not found in the studied sample of Holstein cows. The results of molecular genetic testing have been confirmed by the analysis of pedigrees. The development of methods for diagnosing genetic anomalies and identifying loci associated with the decrease in productive trait as well as continuous monitoring of breeding stock will allow selecting animals that have high productive traits and are not burdened with genetic defects and malformations.

PSI-B-21 Alternative SNP weighting for multi-step and single-step genomic BLUP in the presence of causative variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Bruna Santana ◽  
Molly Riser ◽  
Breno O Fragomeni
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genomic Relationship Matrix ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Causal Variants ◽  
True Breeding Value

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of genomic prediction with simulated data, using SNP markers, causal quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN), and the combination of both. The methods used were the best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), with alternative SNP weights. Data were simulated using the package AlphasimR. Trait heritability of 0.3 was assumed, and genetic variance was fully accounted for by 100 or 1000 QTNs. A population with an effective size of 200 was selected, and 20 generations were simulated. The genomic information mimicked the 29 bovine chromosomes and included 50k SNP markers evenly distributed across the genome. Approximately 16800 genotypes were available from selected sires and dams in generations 16–19, and 2000 animals in generation 20. Phenotypes for young animals were not included in the analysis, as they were used in the validation. For GBLUP, three pseudo-phenotypes were considered: the raw phenotype, the true breeding value, and the true breeding value with noise added. The genomic relationship matrix was weighted using quadratic weights, calculated based on the SNP variance, and non-linear A, following different equation parameters. The scenario with exclusively causal variants presented accuracies close to 1 for 100 QTL, and slightly lower in the 1000 QTL. For the SNP + QTN scenario, quadratic weights promoted higher accuracy gains than the SNPs alone, especially in the 100 QTN trait. Accuracies converged at higher values for both quadratic and non-linear A weights in the 100 QTN scenario. For the 1000 QTN trait, quadratic weights diverged and reduced accuracy, while non-linear A maintained accuracy at their peaks, depending on the equation parameters. Parameters of non-linear A for highest accuracy were different in each scenario and type of analysis. Proportionally, gains in accuracy were more prominent with GBLUP than with ssGBLUP.

scholarly journals Optimal breeding-value prediction using a Sparse Selection Index

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Lopez-Cruz ◽  
Gustavo de los Campos
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Genomic prediction uses DNA sequences and phenotypes to predict genetic values. In homogeneous populations, theory indicates that the accuracy of genomic prediction increases with sample size. However, differences in allele frequencies and in linkage disequilibrium patterns can lead to heterogeneity in SNP effects. In this context, calibrating genomic predictions using a large, potentially heterogeneous, training data set may not lead to optimal prediction accuracy. Some studies tried to address this sample size/homogeneity trade-off using training set optimization algorithms; however, this approach assumes that a single training data set is optimum for all individuals in the prediction set. Here, we propose an approach that identifies, for each individual in the prediction set, a subset from the training data (i.e., a set of support points) from which predictions are derived. The methodology that we propose is a Sparse Selection Index (SSI) that integrates Selection Index methodology with sparsity-inducing techniques commonly used for high-dimensional regression. The sparsity of the resulting index is controlled by a regularization parameter (λ); the G-BLUP (the prediction method most commonly used in plant and animal breeding) appears as a special case which happens when λ = 0. In this study, we present the methodology and demonstrate (using two wheat data sets with phenotypes collected in ten different environments) that the SSI can achieve significant (anywhere between 5-10%) gains in prediction accuracy relative to the G-BLUP.

Evaluation Yorkshire and Landrace breeds of pigs according to PRKAG3, MC4R and MYOD1 marker genes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
A. Balnikov ◽  
I. Gridyushko ◽  
Yu. Kazutova ◽  
M. Mikhailova ◽  
E. Romanishko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Meat Productivity

Purpose: evaluation of pigs Yorkshire rocks and Landraz on PRKAG3, MC4R and MyOD1 markers.Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of the results of genetic testing, and determines the frequency of alleles and genotypes of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds at the State Enterprise ZhodinoAgroPlemElita" of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus by the genes-markers of productive traits: PRKAG3, MC4R and MYOD1. Zootechnical and molecular genetic methods were used in the research (PCR/PDRF). Snapshot analysis was developed for the genotyping of pigs to detect polymorphic markers of meat-feeding productivity of pigs on the Genas PRKAG3, MyOD1, MC4R. At the first stage, there was an assessment of tribal young (173 heads) on its own productivity in terms of indicators: the age of achieving the living mass of 100 kg, the average daily increase (d) from birth to the live weight of 100 kg, the length of the body (cm), the lifetime meat quality of the thickness of the scrape (mm), height of the longest back muscles (mm), the content of meat in the body (%). At the second stage of the research, the controlling fastenings of 200 goals of pigs and evaluation of feedst and meat qualities in the following indicators were carried out: the age of achieving a living mass of 100 kg (days), the average daily increase (d), feed consumption per 1 kg of growth (to. Units). Also determined: the length of the carcass (cm), the slaughter output (%), the thickness of the spick over 6-7 breast vertebrae (mm), the area of "muscular eye" (cm2), the mass of the rear third of the half carcass (kg), the flow of meat in the carcus (%). Then, genetic studies were compared with productivity indicators.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that in the tested animals, the frequency of the preferred allele I-PRKAG3 made 0.171-0.288, A-MC4R – 0.243-0.315, and C-MYOD1 – 0.064-0.477, respectively. The developed comprehensive system for assessing the breeding value of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs based on the marker genes PRKAG3, MC4R, and MYOD1 allowed us to identify the preferred alleles and determine correlation with productivity traits that provided increase in the average population values: for self-productivity - by 2-4%, for fattening traits - by 2.7-12.5%, for meat traits - by 2.8-34.4 %.Conclusion. The use of integrated system in pig breeding will speed up the selection work to increase the indicators of fattening and meat productivity of the created breeding herds of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.

Population characteristics of daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Abramova ◽  
◽  
O. L. Khromova ◽  
M. O. Selimyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Modern Population

The use of foreign-bred bulls leads to changes in the genetic structure of the black-and-white breed population, which affects the level of population characteristics. The study was conducted to study the comparative variability and heritability of productive and reproductive characteristics of daughters of sires of domestic and foreign selection in pedigree livestock 10 250 cows 1st calving modern population of black-motley breed of the Vologda region. The superiority of the offspring of foreign bulls in the average indicators of all the studied traits was established with confidence (P<0,001). There were no significant differences in the level of variability of the characteristics of the descendants of domestic and foreign bulls. According to productive traits, the greatest variability of indicators was established for milk yield for 305 days of the 1st lactation Cv = 17,3 – 17,7%, therefore, selection on this trait will be more effective. The greatest share of the influence of bullsfathers, both domestic and foreign selection, in the total sum of all factors determining the value of traits in the population of the black-and-white breed, is determined by the milk yield of daughters η2 = 0,22 – 0,24, the age of the 1st fruitful insemination and the first calving η2 = 0,24 – 0,25. In further breeding work with the breed, it is necessary to obtain and use domestic producers that exceed the breeding value of foreign bulls.

scholarly journals Protein phenotypes and productive traits in Landrace, Large White and Duroc swine

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Helena Tagliaro ◽  
Maria Helena Lartigau Pereira Franco ◽  
Werner Meincke ◽  
Gilberto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Productive Traits

Fourteen protein systems coded by 15 structural loci were typed by horizontal electrophoresis to determine possible associations betweem the protein phenotypes and productive traits in Landrace (N=109), Largo White (N= 116) and Duroe (N=57) pigs, reared in Southern Brazil. Signiticant associations between protein phenotypes and production traits were detected. The most consistent interaction were observed between two protein systems (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Pgd and Hemopexin -Hpx) and at least one of the four performance variables considered. In Duroc breed, the Pgd phenotypes were associated with daily weight gain (P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and selection index (P < 0.001), while in Landrace significant associations were observed only with feed convertion ratio (P < 0.05). The Hpx phenotypes were associated with daily weight gain (P < 0.05) and backfat thickness (P < 0.05) in Large White and with this last variable (P < 0.01) and selection index (P < 0.05) in Duroc pigs. Since these results had not been reported previously, turther studies are need to confirm these associations.

scholarly journals MoBPSweb: A web-based framework to simulate and compare breeding programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pook ◽  
L. Büttgen ◽  
A. Ganesan ◽  
N.T. Ha ◽  
H. Simianer
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Value Estimation

ABSTRACTSelective breeding is a continued element of both crop and livestock breeding since early prehistory. In this work, we are proposing a new web-based simulation framework (“MoBPSweb”) that is combining a unified language to describe breeding programs with the simulation software MoBPS, standing for ‘Modular Breeding Program Simulator’. Thereby, MoBPSweb is providing a flexible environment to enter, simulate, evaluate and compare breeding programs. Inputs can be provided via modules ranging from a Vis.js-based flash environment for “drawing” the breeding program to a variety of modules to provide phenotype information, economic parameters and other relevant information. Similarly, results of the simulation study can be extracted and compared to other scenarios via output modules (e.g. observed phenotypes, accuracy of breeding value estimation, inbreeding rates). Usability of the framework is showcased along a toy example of a dairy cattle breeding program on farm level, with comparing scenarios differing in implemented breeding value estimation, selection index and selection intensity being considered. Comparisons are made considering both short and long-term effects of the different scenarios in terms of genomic gains, rates of inbreeding and the accuracy of the breeding value estimation. Lastly, general applicability of the MoBPSweb framework and the general potential for simulation studies for genetics and in particular in breeding are discussed.

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