Cognitive Approach to the Study of Perceptually Oriented Actions

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kholdeyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analytical Tools

The article presents a cognitive analysis of situations described by the predicate ‘exhibit’. Its semantics requires the presence of the perceiving subject. This predicate categorizes perceptually oriented actions of the Agent who causes the Observer to perceive a displayed object. The article considers different types of perceptually oriented actions described by statements with some lexico-semantic variants of ‘exhibit.’ At the same time, the author identifies the cognitive characteristics of situations represented by the predicate ‘exhibit,’ and characterizes the Observer participating in these situations. The Observer demonstrates complex cognitive levels of perception. The article also focuses on the peculiarities of the Observed which functions as a differentiating factor for dividing constructions with ‘exhibit’ into subgroups. The author proves that the use of metacategories ‘the Observer’ and ‘the Observed’ as analytical tools significantly increases the possibilities of studying various linguistic phenomena.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Cognitive Characteristics of Young Adolescents with Artistic and Intellectual Giftedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
E.I. Donii ◽  
N.B. Shumakova
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
Artistically Gifted ◽  
Gifted Adolescents

The work is aimed at identifying specific manifestations of creativity and basic cognitive characteristics in young adolescents with artistic and intellectual giftedness. The relevance of the study is due to lack of study of the issue of cognitive manifestations of different types of giftedness in early adolescence, in which the issue of specialization of education is often resolved. The study involved 54 intellectually gifted adolescents (M = 11.4 years old) and 32 artistically gifted peers (M = 11.2 years old). The study used the following methods: a computerize d battery of test tasks for studying bas ic cognitive characteristics (“number sense”, visua l working memory and information processing speed), "Raven’s Progressive Matrixes”, “Verbally-figura l creativity test”, drawing tests of Urban and "Horizon Line ". The results confirm the hypothesis about the specificity of creativity in younger adolescents with different types of giftedness (intellectual and artistic). Intellectually gifted younger adolescents show higher rates of divergent verbal creativity compared to their artistically gifted peers; and artistically gifted younger adolescents surpass their intellectually gifted peers in terms of picturesque (figurative) creativity and are distinguished by their highquality originality, revealing a high emotional expressiveness and creative approach to the implementation of the plan. No statistically significant intergroup differences in the basic indicators of cognitive development and general intelligence were found, although artistically gifted adolescents better than their intellectually gifted peers compare asymmetrically expressed amounts (“number sense”), but they are inferior in terms of information processing speed.

scholarly journals Adjective Similes as Lexical Universals

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Irina A. Muzheika
Keyword(s):  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
And Linguistics

The article deals with adjective similes of some Slavonic, Baltic and German languages from the position of typology and linguistics of universals and is aimed at revealing common fixed expressions. This approach corresponds to modern tendency in phraseological researches being set at the end of the last century. Nowadays one of the main tasks of lexical typology is to study the plan of expression rather than the plan of content. The cognitive approach appears to be helpful in achieving this task as its application in typology is recognized as rather productive way of searching for content universals and for the analysis of human knowledge that effects the development of language itself. Our research covers similes of eight languages and this fact verifies conclusions about universals existence. Continuous sampling, descriptive, comparative and cognitive analysis methods are applied in the study. The main results of the study lie in the proof of lexical universals existence among adjective similes of eight languages.

scholarly journals The Polysemy of Khilal: A Cognitive Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Sameerah T. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Modern Standard Arabic ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Modern Standard

This paper presents a cognitive analysis of the Arabic preposition khilāl “through” on the basis of Tyler & Evans’ (2001, 2003) model of Principled Polysemy. The study includes developing a semantic or polysemous network of khilāl through applying the criteria of this model, identifying its primary sense and distinct senses. The study also includes a contrastive analysis of the semantic networks of khilāl and the equivalent English preposition through in terms of their proto-scenes and the distinct senses associated with each. Analyses showed that both khilāl and through share the same proto-scene of a Trajector Traversing a bounded Landmark. Moreover, khilāl seems to have very limited uses comparing to through and this, as I assume, might be due to its restricted use in Modern Standard Arabic, decreasing as a result its pragmatic strengthening possibilities. 

Semiotics of visual evidence in law

Semiotica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (216) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Vadim Verenich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Aids ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Visual Semiotics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractThe evaluation of visual aspects of law has had a profound influence in the last decade in specific fields of legal sciences (i. e., criminology, studies of legal evidence), focusing on the extent to which visual evidence (visual patterns, images, diagrams, and symbols) underpin what and how we can perceive different types of legal evidence, and how the difference in perception affects the manipulation of visual evidence in practice. Taking the recent development in the field of legal evidence seriously, we could claim that the visual communication in law is above all a means of communicating and understanding different types of visual evidence. In general terms, visual exhibits (symbols, images, graphs, photographs, etc.) have the potential to convey more complex meanings and often represent concepts that are challenging to articulate explicitly in more conventional verbal forms of evidence, due to their complexity or lack of specificity. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature and properties of visual aids from a semiotic perspective Visual semiotics offers exceptionally thorough analytical tools for the detailed and nuanced study of visual legal evidence in the courts. In the final part of the paper we’ll illustrate the application of semiotic analysis for evaluating the rules of evidence in the Estonian legal system.

scholarly journals METAPHORICAL CONCEPT “BODY” IN THE SACRED PENTATEUCH TEXTS OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE

10.23856/4305 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Ganna Izyumtseva
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Metaphorical Concept

The aim of the paper is to determine the content and structure of a basic metaphorical concept BODY identified in the Pentateuch texts of the English Bible. The nature and mechanism of the metaphorical concept is considered in the light of recent linguo-metaphorological investigations with the emphasis on distinction between the notions of “metaphorical concept” and “conceptual metaphor”. The method used in the research includes procedures of the analysis of metaphorical concepts elaborated by Yu.V. Kravtsova within the semantic- cognitive approach to study of metaphors and modelling of metaphorization. As a result, first, the composition of the content of the metaphorical concept at the semantic and cognitive levels of its stratification was established; second, the identified cognitive features were structurized according to their significance within a given ethno-culture; the third, the hierarchy of senses relevant for the concept bearers was revealed. Overall, the conducted analysis has offered a fresh insight into the author-specific conception of reality as a human body, in its various forms and manifestations.

Challenging Unwritten Measures in the World Trade Organization: The Need for Clear Legal Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-482
Author(s):  
Cherise Valles ◽  
Vitaliy Pogoretskyy ◽  
Tatiana Yanguas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Legal Standard ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Managed Trade ◽  
Analytical Tools

ABSTRACT Disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO) involving the challenge of unwritten measures have increased in recent years. This trend may have been encouraged by the successful challenge of Argentina’s ‘managed trade policy’ as an ‘overarching unwritten measure’ in Argentina—Import Measures. Advancing a claim against an unwritten measure, however, is not an easy undertaking. These measures are not embodied in any law, administrative regulation or judicial decision. Their very existence and precise contours are, therefore, uncertain and must be proven with evidence, which may not necessarily be readily available. The uncertain nature of unwritten measures makes the dispute settlement process significantly more complicated for the complainant, the respondent and the WTO adjudicators. Despite the difficulties in challenging, defending and adjudicating unwritten measures, relatively little has been written on this subject. This article discusses the types of trade concerns that could be challenged as ‘unwritten measures’, and the different legal characterizations (analytical tools) that have been used to challenge these trade concerns in the WTO. The article further explores the practical difficulties that have been encountered in challenges against unwritten measures and how these difficulties have sometimes, but not always, been overcome. The article concludes that there is a lack of clarity as to the correct legal standard that must be applied in the challenge of different types of unwritten measures. There is more work to be done to clarify the applicable legal standards and the types of evidence required to substantiate the existence of unwritten measures.

A cognitive approach to improving the quality of the customs authorities' analytic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-429
Author(s):  
V.V. Makrusev ◽  
A.A. Sobol'
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Big Data Processing ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Analytical Tools

Subject. The article considers prospects for enhancing the quality of analytical activities of the Customs authorities through a cognitive approach implementation. Objectives. The aim is to formulate promising areas for improving the quality of analytical work of the Customs authorities by using a cognitive approach, to develop a concept for managing the analytical activities based on knowledge. Methods. The study rests on systems methodology and institutional theory. It also employs cognitive modeling techniques. Results. We show the process of transferring disparate data into knowledge, consider basic methods of big data processing, and identify the most acceptable method of customs data analysis. The paper discloses the contents and elements of the cognitive approach in analytical activities of on-line monitoring centers and describes an experiment with the application of data mining technology on the basis of the Federal Customs Service of Russia. We recommend the said approach to analytical and ICT units of organizations operating in the field of customs services. Conclusions. Current trends in software development, the use of electronic forms of customs documents, and continuously expanded list of analytical tools for big data processing entail the need for changing traditional approaches to information analysis to assess customs risks. The expert method should be supplemented with new, previously unused decision support tools, such as tools that enable automated big data analysis.

Cognitive Approach to Contemporary Complex Cinema

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Kiss ◽  
Steven Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Relative Complexity ◽  
Different Types

Chapter 2 focuses on a cognitive approach as a pertinent method to address complex narratives’ ‘difficult’ viewing experiences. As it argues, complexity does not only lie in a story’s formal composition itself, but is best understood in terms of how the narrative hinders viewers’ comprehension and meaning-making routines. Noticing that some films pose more conspicuous impediments to sense-making efforts than others, this chapter differentiates movies in regard to their relative complexity in cognitive terms – that is, their ability to cause various states of cognitive puzzlement and trigger diverse mental responses in their viewers. The cognitive approach will lead to reconsider the classificatory accuracy of existing concepts, such as the umbrella term of puzzle film. From there on, the chapter proposes more refined categories within the overarching division of narrative complexity, aiming to discern between different types of film that offer various degrees of complexity.

scholarly journals A vizuális enthüméma metaforikus ábrázolásmódja

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Deli ◽  
Gabriella Németh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Cognitive Levels

A klasszikus retorika öt nagy területe közül az inventio foglalkozik az érveléssel, azon belül az enthümémával, míg a kutatók többsége a trópusokat (pl. metafora) az elocutio-ba helyezi. A 21. századi retorika kevésbé szegmentáltan kezeli az érvelő és díszítő funkciókat. Jelen tanulmány az enthüméma és a metafora együttes előfordulását vizsgálja a modern vizuális kultúra képi artefaktumaiban. Az érvelés és stílus, tartalom és forma, forma és gondolati műveletek szorosan összefonódnak a 21. századi vizuális kultúrában. A stílus nemcsak formaként, hanem a kognitív műveletek alakítójaként is funkcionálhat. Az ékesség és szemléletesség eszközei, a trópusok pragmatikai-szemantikai alapokon nyugszanak. Az a tény, hogy a képi enthümémákat gyakran képi metaforák kísérik, megerősíteni látszik ezt a feltevést. Az enthümémát és a metaforát kognitív megközelítésben vizsgálva vetjük fel annak elméleti lehetőségét, hogy a felszíni struktúrákon túl a mélyebb kognitív szinteken összefügg a vizuális enthüméma és a vizuális metafora. Among the five major areas of classical rhetoric, inventio deals with reasoning, including enthymemes, while majority of researchers put tropes (eg. metaphors) into elocutio. The 21st century rhetoric, however, treats reasoning and decorating functions in a less segmented way. The present study examines the coexistence of enthymemes and metaphors in the pictorial artifacts of modern visual culture. Arguments and style, content and form, form and thought mechanisms are closely intertwined within the visual culture of the 21st century. Style may function not only as a form, but also as a shaper of cognitive operations. Tools of eloquence and expressiveness, namely the tropes are based on a pragmatic-semantic principle. The fact that pictorial enthymemes are often accompanied by pictorial metaphors seems to confirm this assumption. By examining enthymemes and metaphors with a cognitive approach, we raise the theoretical possibility that beyond surface structures, deeper cognitive levels are associated with visual enthymemes and visual metaphors.

scholarly journals Churchill’s reflection discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bazylevych ◽  
Vira Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Different Types

Abstract This study presents the results of a cognitive analysis of Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs at the textual, lingual and conceptual levels in order to interpret the implicatures of Churchill’s reflection discourse. The scope of the present research covers Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs as one of the most fruitful types of literary text with regard to the realization of reflection, which is organically interwoven into his texts. The study is done by means of complex analysis with the application of discourse, textual, semantic, cognitive, and conceptual analyses. In the process of the investigation, it was found that Churchill’s reflection discourse represents a special form of language use that discloses a cognitive personality type, which is characterized by the prevalence of logical, deductive and cause-and-effect reasoning. The conceptual space of Churchill’s reflection discourse is constructed as a network model which represents different types of relations among the reflection concepts (subordination, identity, spatial, associative, subjective-and-causative, opposition, causativeand-resultative, attributive, qualitative, attributive-and-possessive, attributive-and-appositive, partitive, functional, reversive-and-functional, paradoxical, and dependency). The verbalization of the reflection concepts actualizes the implicatures of Churchill’s reflection discourse and helps determine the dominant messages implied in Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs.

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