scholarly journals Churchill’s reflection discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bazylevych ◽  
Vira Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Different Types

Abstract This study presents the results of a cognitive analysis of Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs at the textual, lingual and conceptual levels in order to interpret the implicatures of Churchill’s reflection discourse. The scope of the present research covers Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs as one of the most fruitful types of literary text with regard to the realization of reflection, which is organically interwoven into his texts. The study is done by means of complex analysis with the application of discourse, textual, semantic, cognitive, and conceptual analyses. In the process of the investigation, it was found that Churchill’s reflection discourse represents a special form of language use that discloses a cognitive personality type, which is characterized by the prevalence of logical, deductive and cause-and-effect reasoning. The conceptual space of Churchill’s reflection discourse is constructed as a network model which represents different types of relations among the reflection concepts (subordination, identity, spatial, associative, subjective-and-causative, opposition, causativeand-resultative, attributive, qualitative, attributive-and-possessive, attributive-and-appositive, partitive, functional, reversive-and-functional, paradoxical, and dependency). The verbalization of the reflection concepts actualizes the implicatures of Churchill’s reflection discourse and helps determine the dominant messages implied in Winston Churchill’s historical works and memoirs.

scholarly journals Politeness and reputation in cultural evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mühlenbernd ◽  
Sławomir Wacewicz ◽  
Przemysław Żywiczyński
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

AbstractPoliteness in conversation is a fascinating aspect of human interaction that directly interfaces language use and human social behavior more generally. We show how game theory, as a higher-order theory of behavior, can provide the tools to understand and model polite behavior. The recently proposed responsibility exchange theory (Chaudhry and Loewenstein in Psychol Rev 126(3):313–344, 2019) describes how the polite communications of thanking and apologizing impact two different types of an agent’s social image: (perceived) warmth and (perceived) competence. Here, we extend this approach in several ways, most importantly by adding a cultural-evolutionary dynamics that makes it possible to investigate the evolutionary stability of politeness strategies. Our analysis shows that in a society of agents who value status-related traits (such as competence) over reciprocity-related traits (such as warmth), both the less and the more polite strategies are maintained in cycles of cultural-evolutionary change.

scholarly journals Interaction of comparative struc­tu­res and their elements in modern russian prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Nikolina ◽  
Zoya Yu. Petrova ◽  
Natalya A. Fateeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Semantic Interaction ◽  
Modern Russian

The article explores the interaction of comparative constructions in modern prose. The main objective of the study is to determine the types of interaction between metaphors and similes in the texts of modern Russian prose. The material of the study is the works of Buida, Vodolazkin, Ivanov, Ilichevsky, Matveeva, Pelevin, Rubina, Slavnikova, Sokolov, Sorokin, and Stepnova. The authors employed the methods of description, comparison and the struc­tural-semantic analysis and also took into account the semantic field organisation of lexical units. The article distinguishes between formal and semantic interaction of metaphors and similes. The most obvious manifestation of the formal interaction is the reversibility of tropes. Semantic interaction is based on the semantic coordination of elements of comparative con­structions based on predicate-actant relations or involves a combination of metaphors and similes in the text based on various relations between elements of the same semantic field. Along with the indicated types of interaction, the article describes cases of multiple images of one depicted object and representation of different objects in a unified figurative way. These cases are characterized as a special type of interaction of comparative tropes. The article high­lights the main source domains of interacting tropes. The most frequent semantic classes of metaphors and similes used in interaction contexts are anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and culinary images. In addition to them, mechanistic (including computer), scientific and theat­rical metaphors and similes have been identified. The article shows that the interaction of tropes can be intertextual in a literary text. It is concluded that modern Russian prose is characterized by the interaction of metaphors and similes of different types. This interaction is often associated with the presence of contrast, contextual synonymy, the ‘genus — species’ relation between images of comparative constructions in a text.

scholarly journals Finite Element Software for Rubber Products Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Dávid Huri
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

Automotive rubber products are subjected to large deformations during working conditions, they often contact with other parts and they show highly nonlinear material behavior. Using finite element software for complex analysis of rubber parts can be a good way, although it has to contain special modules. Different types of rubber materials require the curve fitting possibility and the wide range choice of the material models. It is also important to be able to describe the viscoelastic property and the hysteresis. The remeshing possibility can be a useful tool for large deformation and the working circumstances require the contact and self contact ability as well. This article compares some types of the finite element software available on the market based on the above mentioned features.

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DISCURSIVE APPROACH OF THE LITERARY TEXT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN THE ENGLISH CLASSROOM

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lașcu
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Discursive Approach

The paper presents an analysis of the basic principles which govern the discursive approach of the literary text. The discursive approach covers both the internal and external aspects, a fact which promotes a new and more complex analysis of the literary text. Thus, the specific methodological principles which rule the process of developing the English communicative competence through the discursive approach are as follows: pragmasemantic principle of the literary text, dialogic principle of the text analysis, principle of intertextuality, principle of interpretative cooperation, principle of intercultural communication.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SECONDARY OBJECT AND SPATIAL IMAGERY ON A LITERARY TEXT TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Алексей Григорьевич Шипулин
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Spatial Imagery ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Статья посвящена исследованию влияния вторичных образов различного типа на перевод художественного текста. Результаты эксперимента подтверждают ведущую роль предметных образов для нахождения адекватных решений. Также показано наличие умеренной обратной корреляции между уровнем образного мышления в целом и количеством неадекватных трансформаций в переводе. Выявлено негативное влияние на результаты перевода низкого пространственного воображения. The article aims to investigate the influence of different types of secondary mental images on literary text translation. Our experimental data confirm a stone role of object imagery for finding adequate translation solutions, as well as suggest a moderate negative correlation between individual imagery scores and the number of inadequate translation solutions. A low level of spatial imagery may negatively affect the translator’s choices.

scholarly journals ENGLISH PERFECT IN COGNITION OF SLOVAK ISCED3 LEARNERS OF ENGLISH – PRELIMINARY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hlava
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
The Past ◽  
English Language Instruction ◽  
Different Types

In English language instruction in Slovakia, a strong preference for declarative knowledge at the expense of procedural knowledge development has been reported over the last two decades. However, the cognitive aspects of language attainment predict no impact of instructional efforts, since mental representations of language to be attained are told to be supported by different cognitive systems than associative learning develops. Language variation materializes differences among languages based on differences in digitalizing the experience and thus understanding the world. For Slovak learners, the English present perfect is one such anomaly in categorization. This paper aims to answer what the specific interactions between past simple and present perfect are and how the predicted cognitive aspects of language attainment influence the use of different types of knowledge. A proficiency test focusing on declarative knowledge and language use without context and in context was distributed to 600 Slovak learners of English at the ISCED3a level. In Past simple conditions, students proved highly proficiency in all 3 types of tasks. In present perfect conditions, declarative knowledge strongly dominated over language use in context. In Present perfect conditions, substitutions by past simple were significantly more frequent than substitutions of present perfect by past simple. Cognitive funneling was recognized as a process inhibiting fast proceduralization of the English present perfect compared to fast and reliable proceduralization of the past simple.

What psycholinguistic studies ignore about literary experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-103
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Gibbs ◽  
Herbert L. Colston
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Literary Experiences ◽  
Literary Experience

Abstract Multiple decades of psycholinguistic research exploring people’s reading of different types of language has delivered much improved understanding of textual comprehension experience. Psycholinguistic studies have typically focused on a few cognitive and linguistic processes presumed to be central in reading comprehension of language, but this emphasis has omitted other processes and products readers commonly experience in their imaginative, aesthetic encounters with literature. Our paper describes some of the limitations of psycholinguistics for explaining people’s literary experiences. Nonetheless, we argue that recent research on embodied simulation processes may help close the gap between psycholinguistics, with its emphasis on generic processes of non-literary language use, and studies associated with the scientific study of literature with their focus on phenomenological, lived reactions to literary texts.

Cognitive Approach to the Study of Perceptually Oriented Actions

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kholdeyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analytical Tools

The article presents a cognitive analysis of situations described by the predicate ‘exhibit’. Its semantics requires the presence of the perceiving subject. This predicate categorizes perceptually oriented actions of the Agent who causes the Observer to perceive a displayed object. The article considers different types of perceptually oriented actions described by statements with some lexico-semantic variants of ‘exhibit.’ At the same time, the author identifies the cognitive characteristics of situations represented by the predicate ‘exhibit,’ and characterizes the Observer participating in these situations. The Observer demonstrates complex cognitive levels of perception. The article also focuses on the peculiarities of the Observed which functions as a differentiating factor for dividing constructions with ‘exhibit’ into subgroups. The author proves that the use of metacategories ‘the Observer’ and ‘the Observed’ as analytical tools significantly increases the possibilities of studying various linguistic phenomena.

Polysemous Features of Words of Perception in English, Chinese and Korean—A Case Study of mouth, 嘴/口 and입

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Chengyu Nan
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Features

Typologically, English, Chinese and Korean belong to three different types of language. English is inflectional, Chinese is isolating and Korean is agglutinative. Therefore, words of perception in these three languages show some different semantic features. But due to similar physical features and physiological phenomenon, people speaking English, Chinese or Korean language use the same word of perception to express the same meaning or feeling. This paper makes a comparative case study of mouth, 嘴/口 and입, which have rich polysemous features. Their meanings are extended from “the part of human body” to the concrete “entrance” or “person” and then to the abstract “speech act” or “way of speaking”. The meaning extension shows semantic symmetry and asymmetry both interlingually and intralingually in the expressions not only with mouth, 嘴/口 and입 and other words of perception in three languages.

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