Obstetric outcomes of HIV positive mothers in tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shahida Husain Tarar ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Hamna Atta ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy outcome of human immunodeficiency syndrome-positive mothers. Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, Pakistan, from June 2011 to March 2018, and comprised pregnant women screened positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome. Risk factors and perinatal outcomes were noted on a predesigned proforma. Data was analysed usingh SPSS 20. Results: Of the 74 subjects with a mean age of 29+5.27 years, 63(85.1%) were multiparous and 11(14.9%) were nulliparous. Major risk factors included unsterilized nasal or ear piercing in 70(94.6%) subjects, history of blood transfusion 57(77%) and history of dental procedure in unsterilized settings 23(31.1%). Spouses of 43(58.1%) subjects were positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome, 22(29.7%) were negative and 9(12.2%) had unknown status in this regard. In terms of outcome, 12(16.3%) subjects had spontaneous abortion, 11(12.2%) had intrauterine death of foetus, 6(8.1%) had preterm delivery and 45(60.8%) reached full term and were delivered. There were 2(2.6%) patients with stage 4 disease who died during pregnancy. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency syndrome infection in pregnant women was found to be associated with poor pregnancy outcome. Key Words: HIV, Pregnancy, Pakistan, Perinatal, Risk factors. Continuous...

scholarly journals Determination of Risk Factors for Pre–Eclampsia in aTertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
M Jalal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of

Background: Pre-eclampsia is an idiopathic disorder of pregnancy characterized by proteinuric hypertention and still one of the important causes of maternal and fetal mortality.The identification of its predisposing factors before and during early stage of pregnancy will help in reducing the mortality.Objective:The objective of the present study is to determine the risk factors for pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in a tertiary level hospital.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh, from January to June 2015.A total number of 50 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia who admitted in this hospital were selected as study group.This was hospital based descriptive study.Results: Most of the partcipants were within 21-30 years of age group and mean age 24.06 ± 3.71.The factors that were found to be significant predictors of risk for development of PE were primigravida, low socioeconomic condition,family history of PE & hypertension, past history of PE and hypertention, past history of diabetes mellitus was also associated with development of PE.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 29-32

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and causative organisms of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Manasi Patnaik ◽  
Kumudini Panigrahi ◽  
Banya Das ◽  
Basanti Pathi ◽  
Nirmala Poddar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a relatively common condition occurring due to the morphological and physiological changes in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy. If left untreated, it may lead to acute pyelonephritis and adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The objective was to determine prevalence, risk factors and etiological agents with susceptibility for ASB among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Odisha, India.Methods: A prospective study with 200 pregnant women was conducted, over a period of 4 months, starting from 1st April 2017 to 31st July 2017. The mid- stream clean catch urine specimen was collected and processed in all the cases and other data were collected from the questionnaire given to them. The isolates from all the cases of ASB were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was 25.3%, with maximum prevalence among age group 21-30 yrs, during 3rd trimester, among multigravidae. Previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI), anaemia and diabetes have significant association with ASB. Klebsiella spp. was the predominant isolate in this study followed by Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin and Cefixime are safe and effective antibiotics against urinary pathogens in pregnancy.Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications during pregnancy. Hence routine screening of antenatal women for ASB during all trimesters must be considered for preventing the adverse maternal and foetal outcomes particularly with known risk factors like increasing age, multiparity and previous history of UTI.  

scholarly journals Prevalence and associate risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy with bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayagiri Venkata Rohini ◽  
Gurram Swetha Reddy ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as the presence of actively multiplying bacteria, which is greater than 105/ ml of urine within the urinary tract excluding the distal urethra, at a time when the patient has no symptoms of UTI. Untreated and undiagnosed ASB is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The objective was to determine the profile, prevalence, microbiological isolates with susceptibility, and risk factors of ASB among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study with 200 pregnant women was conducted for a period of 3 months from January to March 2016. The mid- stream urine specimen was collected and processed from all the cases and social and baseline obstetric data was collected. The isolates from all the cases of ASB were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was 30.5%, mean age of the cases was 27.3± 2.9 years. ASB was most common in 25- 30 year’s age group, during 3rd trimester and among multiparous and multigravidae. Previous history of UTI, pre-eclampsia was having significant association among cases with ASB. Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate in the study followed by K. pneumoniae, CONS (Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci), Staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter and Enterococci.Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications during pregnancy. Hence routine screening of antenatal women during all trimesters must be considered in preventing the complications and adverse foetal outcomes particularly with known risk factors like increasing age, multiparity and previous history of UTI.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1852-56
Author(s):  
Rabiah Anwar ◽  
Kashif Razzaq ◽  
Aysha Shahid ◽  
Afeera Afsheen ◽  
Amera Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

Objectives: To evaluate the principal risk factors associated with development of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital Karachi, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: All pregnant women with symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy confirmed on history, examination and investigations were included. A comparison cohort of pregnant women with neither hepatobiliary nor medical illness associated with pregnancy was selected. Comparison of risk factors was done between both the groups. Results: Out of 6932 obstetric patients, 90 (1.29%) had intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Pruritis was cardinal symptoms in all (100%) the patients followed by excoriation marks (75.55%). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was significantly found in women with multiple pregnancy (OR=1.81; 95% CI 0.51-6.42), antecedent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (OR=36.81; 95% CI 8.53-158.79), family history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (OR=17.80; 95% CI 2.29-137.91) and history of pruritis with obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy use (OR=16.25; 95% CI 0.91-289.08). Conclusion: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was observed in less than two percent cases. Risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was found to be increased with multiple pregnancies, antecedent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, family history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and history of pruritis with prior obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy use.

Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2453
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Fareed Khan ◽  
Raja Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Shahab Saidullah ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective: To find out the pattern of CHD and associated risk factors among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawlakot from July 2020 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 207 children of both genders, screened by ECG along with chest x-ray and further confirmed with the diagnosis of CHD through echocardiography were enrolled as cases. Same number of healthy controls (n=207) were recruited from immunization center of the study institution. Among cases, types of CHD were noted. For cases and controls, demographic, antenatal and maternal risk factors including maternal age, gender of the child, history of consanguinity, history of febrile illness in pregnancy, use or multi-vitamin or folic acid in pregnancy, bad obstetrical history and maternal diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: In a total of 414 children (207 cases and 207 controls), there were 219 (53.8%) male. In terms of CHD types among cases, VSD was the most noted in 62 (30.0%), ASD 35 (16.9%), TOF 33 (15.9%) and PDA in 30 (14.5%). Cases were found to have significant association with younger age (78.3% cases below 1 year of age vs. 64.7% in controls, p=0.0085), bad obstetrical history (p=0.0002), history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0229) and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0147). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHDs were male and aged below 1 year. VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA were the most frequent types of CHD. Younger age, bad obstetrical history, history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were found to have significant association with CHDs among children. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect.

scholarly journals Prevalence and the risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Pendru Raghunath ◽  
LN Rao Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group B

Streptococci are gram positive cocci arranged in chains and are part of normal flora of humans and animals. The present study is carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) among women visiting Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad. Vaginal swabs were collected from 250 patients attending outpatient department (OPD) of Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching hospital. Swabs were inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in a candle jar. BHS isolates were phenotypically identified by standard microbiological techniques, all the isolates presumptively identified as BHS were tested for Bacitracin susceptibility. Sensitive isolates were presumptively identified as GAS and resistant isolates were identified as non-group A BHS (NGABHS). Presumptively identified GAS & NGABHS isolates were serogrouped by Lancefield grouping using a commercially available latex agglutination test. BHS were isolated from 12.4% of samples. As many as 12 BHS isolates were identified as GAS and 19 were identified as NGABHS. Ten of nineteen were identified as group B (GBS), 4 (12.9%) were identified as group C (GCS) and 5 (16.12%) were identified as group G (GGS). Among six clinical groups, the prevalence of GAS is highest i.e. 7.5% in female patients visiting Gynaecology OPD with history of white discharge. Prevalence of NGABHS was more among post insertion (18%) IUCD group compared to pre insertion (8%) IUCD group. GBS were isolated from 7% of samples from IUCD group and 4% of samples from prostitutes.This study reports the prevalence of BHS among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. This study also identified certain risk factors such as IUCD usage and working as a FSW are associated with the increased prevalence of NGABHS especially GBS.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Dehydration in Hospitalized Children in Ujjain, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Ashish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Diarrhoea contributes significantly in the under-five childhood morality and mortality worldwide. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Ujjain, India from July 2015 to June 2016. Consecutive children aged 1 month to 12 years having “some dehydration” and “dehydration” according to World Health Organization classification were eligible to be included in the study. Other signs and symptoms used to assess severe dehydration were capillary refill time, urine output, and abnormal respiratory pattern. A questionnaire was administered to identify risk factors for severe dehydration, which was the primary outcome. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to detect independent risk factors for severe dehydration. The study included 332 children, with mean ± standard deviation age of 25.62 ± 31.85 months; out of which, 70%(95% confidence interval [CI] 65 to 75) were diagnosed to have severe dehydration. The independent risk factors for severe dehydration were: child not exclusive breast fed in the first six months of life (AOR 5.67, 95%CI 2.51 to 12.78; p<0.001), history of not receiving oral rehydration solution before hospitalization (AOR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.78; p=0.038), history of not receiving oral zinc before hospitalization (AOR 2.66, 95%CI 1.68 to 4.21; p<0.001) and living in overcrowded conditions (AOR 5.52, 95%CI 2.19 to 13.93; p<0.001). The study identified many risk factors associated with severe childhood dehydration; many of them are modifiable though known and effective public health interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors among Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Badiuzzaman ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Mohammed ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
Md Shafiqul Bari ◽  
Md Billal Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: An event of stroke can be ignited by a number of risk factors, some of which are nonmodifiable and some are modifiable. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, different heart diseases, hyperlipidemia and smoking belong to the latter group and their prevalence shows immense diversity worldwide. In this study we tried to identify the most prevalent risk factor for stroke. Categorization of various types of stroke and history of noncompliance in medication has also been evaluated. Methods: This direct observational study was carried out on 400 patients of stroke admitted in different medicine units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July to December, 2007. Only patients having clinical diagnosis of stroke, confirmed by CT scan or MRI, were recruited. Patients were grouped into ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or sub arachnoid hemorrhage. Results: The male, female ratio was found 1.2:1. In the study cerebral infraction, intra cerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were found in 56.25%, 38.25% and 5.5% patients respectively. In case of Ischemic stroke and ICH males were predominantly affected but in case of SAH females were predominant. Among patients, hypertension was found in 58.62% followed by smoking (53.79%), lipid disorder (48.01%), heart diseases (25.75%), diabetes mellitus (20.01%), and previous history of stroke (10.61%). 40% patients were on irregular use of antihypertensive drug and it was 17.5% in case of anti diabetic drugs. Major groups (42.44%) of patients have two modifiable risk factors. Conclusion: Stroke is better to prevent than to cure. Identification of risk factors is the only way to achieve this goal. Implementation of screening programme in community to identify risk factors and educate people about primary prevention should be initiated in this regard. This way, we can reduce morbidity and mortality among stroke patients and alleviate the burden of stroke.   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2011   J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 18-21

scholarly journals A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bandaru Sailaja ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Cooly ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Sailcheemala ◽  
Surayapalem Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy remains still a major health issue for women and their descendants throughout the world but remains a major issue in developing countries rather than developed countries. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of maternal deaths during pregnancy in India according to FOGSI study in India. Changing trends in pregnancy globally with increased maternal age of conception, assisted reproductive technologies has contributed a significant impact in the risk factors for PE and eclampsia. The present study was aimed to investigate and determine the related risk factors in cases of PE and eclampsia. The maternal and foetal outcomes with major complications of the women with PE and eclampsia were also studied.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study for a period of two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital among antenatal cases and all cases of PIH were recorded and studied. Cases were managed as per the existing obstetric protocol after clinical examination and investigations. Detailed socio demographic data and history of risk factors were collected and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. Maternal and foetal outcome were noted in the cases of the study.Results: The incidence of PE and eclampsia in the study was 43.3% and 10.8%, 25-35 years age group being the most common. PE and eclampsia was associated with BMI>30, parous women with previous history of PE, diabetes mellitus and more in unregistered cases. PE and eclampsia were more in Illiterates and socio economic class 2 &3. The incidence of maternal complications was 32.99% with premature labour being the common and in case of foetal complications prematurity was the commonest with 16 cases. The maternal mortality was very less with only 4.64% in the study.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension with PE and eclampsia still remains a major problem in developed countries. Good antenatal care with increased awareness and increased antenatal visits may help in reducing the incidence and maternal and foetal complications. Increased incidence among illiterates and low socio economic status group provides the target group to be directed against any medical measures and national health programmes.

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