scholarly journals Prevalence and the risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Pendru Raghunath ◽  
LN Rao Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group B

Streptococci are gram positive cocci arranged in chains and are part of normal flora of humans and animals. The present study is carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) among women visiting Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad. Vaginal swabs were collected from 250 patients attending outpatient department (OPD) of Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching hospital. Swabs were inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in a candle jar. BHS isolates were phenotypically identified by standard microbiological techniques, all the isolates presumptively identified as BHS were tested for Bacitracin susceptibility. Sensitive isolates were presumptively identified as GAS and resistant isolates were identified as non-group A BHS (NGABHS). Presumptively identified GAS & NGABHS isolates were serogrouped by Lancefield grouping using a commercially available latex agglutination test. BHS were isolated from 12.4% of samples. As many as 12 BHS isolates were identified as GAS and 19 were identified as NGABHS. Ten of nineteen were identified as group B (GBS), 4 (12.9%) were identified as group C (GCS) and 5 (16.12%) were identified as group G (GGS). Among six clinical groups, the prevalence of GAS is highest i.e. 7.5% in female patients visiting Gynaecology OPD with history of white discharge. Prevalence of NGABHS was more among post insertion (18%) IUCD group compared to pre insertion (8%) IUCD group. GBS were isolated from 7% of samples from IUCD group and 4% of samples from prostitutes.This study reports the prevalence of BHS among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. This study also identified certain risk factors such as IUCD usage and working as a FSW are associated with the increased prevalence of NGABHS especially GBS.

Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2453
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Fareed Khan ◽  
Raja Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Shahab Saidullah ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective: To find out the pattern of CHD and associated risk factors among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawlakot from July 2020 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 207 children of both genders, screened by ECG along with chest x-ray and further confirmed with the diagnosis of CHD through echocardiography were enrolled as cases. Same number of healthy controls (n=207) were recruited from immunization center of the study institution. Among cases, types of CHD were noted. For cases and controls, demographic, antenatal and maternal risk factors including maternal age, gender of the child, history of consanguinity, history of febrile illness in pregnancy, use or multi-vitamin or folic acid in pregnancy, bad obstetrical history and maternal diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: In a total of 414 children (207 cases and 207 controls), there were 219 (53.8%) male. In terms of CHD types among cases, VSD was the most noted in 62 (30.0%), ASD 35 (16.9%), TOF 33 (15.9%) and PDA in 30 (14.5%). Cases were found to have significant association with younger age (78.3% cases below 1 year of age vs. 64.7% in controls, p=0.0085), bad obstetrical history (p=0.0002), history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0229) and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0147). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHDs were male and aged below 1 year. VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA were the most frequent types of CHD. Younger age, bad obstetrical history, history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were found to have significant association with CHDs among children. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bandaru Sailaja ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Cooly ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Sailcheemala ◽  
Surayapalem Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy remains still a major health issue for women and their descendants throughout the world but remains a major issue in developing countries rather than developed countries. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of maternal deaths during pregnancy in India according to FOGSI study in India. Changing trends in pregnancy globally with increased maternal age of conception, assisted reproductive technologies has contributed a significant impact in the risk factors for PE and eclampsia. The present study was aimed to investigate and determine the related risk factors in cases of PE and eclampsia. The maternal and foetal outcomes with major complications of the women with PE and eclampsia were also studied.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study for a period of two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital among antenatal cases and all cases of PIH were recorded and studied. Cases were managed as per the existing obstetric protocol after clinical examination and investigations. Detailed socio demographic data and history of risk factors were collected and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. Maternal and foetal outcome were noted in the cases of the study.Results: The incidence of PE and eclampsia in the study was 43.3% and 10.8%, 25-35 years age group being the most common. PE and eclampsia was associated with BMI>30, parous women with previous history of PE, diabetes mellitus and more in unregistered cases. PE and eclampsia were more in Illiterates and socio economic class 2 &3. The incidence of maternal complications was 32.99% with premature labour being the common and in case of foetal complications prematurity was the commonest with 16 cases. The maternal mortality was very less with only 4.64% in the study.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension with PE and eclampsia still remains a major problem in developed countries. Good antenatal care with increased awareness and increased antenatal visits may help in reducing the incidence and maternal and foetal complications. Increased incidence among illiterates and low socio economic status group provides the target group to be directed against any medical measures and national health programmes.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in two tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar: a comparative cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Hira Bakhtiar ◽  
Maria Malik A. Khaliq ◽  
Asif Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Siraj Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Postpartum depression has become a common complication in women in their postpartum period, affecting not only the mother but her child and her family. Due to lack of awareness regarding the subject it has been widely neglected, especially in Pakistan.Objective: To determine and compare the frequency and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in a public and a private tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.Materials & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynecology and Pediatrics OPD and Pediatrics ward of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) and Gynecology and Pediatrics OPD as well as the vaccination center of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) over a period of 6 months (January to June 2016). The women were interviewed after obtaining informed consent during 1-12 months of their postpartum period using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as well as a pretested self-structured questionnaire. Chi Square test and binary logistic regression were used to determine the relative significance of various risk factors for PPD.Results: A total of 280 women were interviewed, 140 in each hospital, their ages ranging from 16 to 45 years. The frequency of PPD calculated at RMI was 62.7% and at HMC it was 37.3% (p=0.001). Risk factors that showed a close association with PPD included the level of education of women (p=0.008), family support (p=0.022), and history of previous trauma (p= 0.055).Conclusion: Postpartum depression is twice as likely to occur in a private tertiary care hospital compared to a public one, and appears related to educational status, family help, and history of trauma.Keywords: Depression, Postpartum; Postpartum Period, Mothers; Child; Breast Feeding; Childbirth

scholarly journals Prevalence and associate risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy with bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayagiri Venkata Rohini ◽  
Gurram Swetha Reddy ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as the presence of actively multiplying bacteria, which is greater than 105/ ml of urine within the urinary tract excluding the distal urethra, at a time when the patient has no symptoms of UTI. Untreated and undiagnosed ASB is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The objective was to determine the profile, prevalence, microbiological isolates with susceptibility, and risk factors of ASB among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study with 200 pregnant women was conducted for a period of 3 months from January to March 2016. The mid- stream urine specimen was collected and processed from all the cases and social and baseline obstetric data was collected. The isolates from all the cases of ASB were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was 30.5%, mean age of the cases was 27.3± 2.9 years. ASB was most common in 25- 30 year’s age group, during 3rd trimester and among multiparous and multigravidae. Previous history of UTI, pre-eclampsia was having significant association among cases with ASB. Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate in the study followed by K. pneumoniae, CONS (Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci), Staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter and Enterococci.Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications during pregnancy. Hence routine screening of antenatal women during all trimesters must be considered in preventing the complications and adverse foetal outcomes particularly with known risk factors like increasing age, multiparity and previous history of UTI.

scholarly journals Etiology, outcomes and co-morbidities among cerebral palsy children attending tertiary care hospital, India: a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
N. Dushyanth Subramaniam ◽  
Antony Jenifer ◽  
Uma Devi L. ◽  
Suresh P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Prolonged Labour ◽  
History Of

Background: Cerebral palsy is the most common aetiology for motor dysfunction among children worldwide. It is associated with range of co-morbid conditions that affects the quality of life. Cerebral palsy has been studied extensively in western countries and there are only few articles available on epidemiological information in developing countries and low resource settings. This study focuses on the aetiology, risk factors, types and co-morbidities in cerebral palsy.Methods: Cerebral palsy children attending tertiary care hospital were prospectively recruited into the study. The study was conducted during January 2017 to July 2018. The cross-sectional study included complete prenatal, natal and postnatal history of the participants, BERA and Ophthalmological examinations were done.Results: One hundred and fifty children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. The mean age of participants were 36±30 months.  Male to female ratio was 2.19:1. The most common maternal risk factor among study participants was consanguinity in marriage (23.33%). 16% had prolonged labour and 10% had toxaemia during pregnancy. 47% of the children were born by institutional normal vaginal delivery. The most common neonatal risk factor was Birth Asphyxia (23%), low birth weight (20%) and neonatal sepsis (21%). 122 had spastic type of cerebral palsy. The most common morbidity associated with cerebral palsy was Gastro intestinal disturbances in 61% of the participants.Conclusions: History of prolonged labour and birth asphyxia were risk factors for cerebral palsy. Spastic CP is the most common type. Malnutrition, Gross Motor delay, Seizures, Mental retardation were the most common morbidities associated with CP. 

scholarly journals A study on risk factors of abortion in a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur District, Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Vivek Sunil ◽  
Sruthi Mankara Valsan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Abortion is the spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks or if the foetus weighs less than 500 gm. Spontaneous abortions may occur as a result of genetic factors, infectious agents, uterine abnormalities and other maternal factors. The present study was undertaken to study risk factors of abortion in a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur district.Methods: A hospital based case control study was done during a five month period. The sample size was calculated using the formulae [(Zα + Zβ)2 × 2 × PQ]/d2. Total 40 mothers admitted with abortion were taken as cases and 40 mothers admitted with conditions other than abortion of the same trimester were taken as controls. Data was collected with the help of an interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire.Results: Out of total 80 mothers, 46.2% of them belongs to 21-25 age group and more than half, 66.2% of the mothers were primi gravida. There was a statistically significant association between mother’s occupation and occurrence of abortion. The abortion rates were higher among overweight mothers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Among obstetric determinants, previous history of abortion, primi gravida mothers, and history of travel had higher risk for abortion with odds ratio 3.5, 2.8, and 2.72 respectively.Conclusions: Previous history of abortion and history of travel contributes to higher risk of abortion. Interventions could be targeted more on women with prevalent risk factors to increase health profits.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Ocular Anomalies in Paediatric Age Group (0 - 14 Years) in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Kancheepuram, South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Nasar Waris ◽  
Rubina Huda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Global Blindness

BACKGROUND Congenital ocular anomalies are one of the important causes of childhood blindness. Blindness is a serious public health issue, and also a social and economic problem worldwide. Majority of global blindness is avoidable and curable. Most of global blindness is in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of congenital ocular anomalies in the paediatric age group and its associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among children of 0 – 14 years age group attending the ophthalmology department of SRM Medical College and Hospital, Kancheepuram from December 2018 to November 2020. Congenital ocular anomalies were detected by detailed ocular examination and the type of congenital ocular anomaly was assessed. Associated risk factors like family history of congenital ocular anomalies, family history of consanguinity and significant antenatal history of the mother of the children were collected. RESULTS Out of 9865 cases, we found that 61 cases had congenital ocular anomalies. There was a male preponderance. Majority of the cases were in the age group 0 - 5 years. A positive history of consanguinity was present in 10 % of cases. The most commonly found cases were congenital cataract and congenital dacryocystitis. CONCLUSIONS Children with congenital ocular anomalies and functional vision should be given glasses and low vision aid. There is a great need for early screening, detection and treatment by paediatric or trained ophthalmologists in referral hospitals. KEYWORDS Congenital Ocular Anomalies, Paediatric Age Group, Prevalence

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics of ischemic stroke patients in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Ritesh Luitel ◽  
Sujan Dhital ◽  
Subodh Sharma Paudel ◽  
Suman Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Incidence of stroke patients is increasing in low income countries like Nepal where management of these patients is challenging due to poor healthcare resources. Ischemic stroke is related to risk factors like age, male population, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol. Identification of these risk factors in the vulnerable population is important for prevention of ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to find out the social and demographic characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated at Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Methods: Data was collected from all acute ischemic stroke patients presenting to the hospital over a period of one year. The age, sex, medical history of hypertension and diabetes and history of smoking and alcohol consumption were recorded. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Microsoft EXCEL 2019. Result: Total 310 patients were studied, out of which two-thirds were male. The highest number of patients were within the age group of 60-80 years with the mean age being 60 years. Hypertension and diabetes were present in 67.42% and 28.53% of patients respectively. 43.93% of the patients smoked while 33.87% of the patients consumed alcohol. Conclusion: Identification of association between risk factors like age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption must be the emphasis for targeted preventive action to decrease the increasing burden of ischemic stroke among developing countries.

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