scholarly journals Kepesatan Pembangunan dan Pemodenan Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) di Era Perang Dingin dan Pasca Perang Dingin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Pakeer Mohamed ◽  
Nazariah Osman ◽  
Mohamad Faisol Keling
Keyword(s):  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance

“Fenomena anarki” telah mempengaruhi kebanyakan negara untuk memberikan tumpuan dan perhatian terhadap pembangunan Angkatan ketenteraan bagi menjamin keselamatan untuk tujuan kelangsungan hidup. Manakala merujukkan kepada teori neo-realisme, teori ini mengatakan dilema keselamatan sebagai situasi yang sentiasa ada ancaman yang cuba untuk menggugat keselamatan negara mahupun ianya dari bentuk unsur ancaman tradisional mahupun dari unsur dari ancaman bukan dari tradisional. Akibat dari senario keselamatan dan sifat anarki dalam sistem antarabangsa, keadaan ini akan menyebabkan negara perlu bergantung pada diri sendiri untuk kelangsungan hidup. Ini merujuk kepada konsep self help atau self reliance di mana setiap negara mempunyai kepentingan negara mereka tersendiri dalam meneruskan kelangsungan hidup dalam sistem antarabangsa. Melihat dari sudut Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM,) perspektif pembangunan dan pemodenan ATM semasa era Perang Dingin dan Pasca Perang Dingin ternyata mempunyai perubahan yang signifikan di mana pembangunan ATM sebelum tahun 1990 lebih bersifat konvensional dan pasca Perang Dingin memperlihatkan pembangunan ATM bersifat lebih strategik.

scholarly journals Marketing of Women Self Help Groups Products (with Special Reference to Chennai City)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 607-613
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Know How ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Chennai City

Empowerment implies equal conditions to girls. It supplies more significant access to know-how as well as sources, greater liberty in decision making, higher potential to consider their lifestyles and flexibility from the irons troubled all of them through personalized, view and also technique becoming conscious of their own condition and setting, setting their personal schedules, developing area on their own, obtaining skill-sets, developing positive self-image, addressing problems, and developing self-reliance. It is actually certainly not merely a social as well as a political method, yet a personal one too - as well as it is not simply a procedure however a result too. Empowerment of girls creates them much more powerful to encounter the challenges of lifestyle, to beat the disabilities, handicaps, and inequalities. It makes it possible for ladies to discover their total identification and powers in all realms of life. The study is actually generally concentrated on the efficiency of SWOT aspects on the total assessment of Women Self Help Groups product in Chennai Metropolitan area

scholarly journals ‘We could be anything we wanted to be’: remembering Jimmy Rogers

Race & Class ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-84
Author(s):  
Michael Romyn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Alternative Community

Between 1967 and his death in 2018, Jimmy Rogers, a unique figure in the UK’s black self-help movement, dedicated himself to the welfare of black young people via basketball. Through Rogers’ own words and oral histories of individuals who knew him, this article traces his path from Liverpool 8, where he introduced organised basketball in 1967, to London, where he established the Brixton Topcats basketball club in response to the ‘riots’ of 1981. Rogers learnt through his own life of hardship – of being brought up ‘in care’ – the need for discipline, self-belief and self-reliance. And he used these experiences and his basketball skills to mentor generations of dispossessed young black men and later women, who found, through his clubs, an antidote to a world of institutional racism, economic hardships, and heavy-handed policing. At a time of drastic cuts in youth services, he showed the importance of alternative community-led youth provision to black working-class inner-city residents.

SELF-MADE MAIDS: BRITISH EMIGRATION TO THE PACIFIC RIM AND SELF-HELP NARRATIVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304
Author(s):  
Melissa Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Colonial Violence ◽  
Collective Psyche

The victorian discourse of self-help, popularized by Samuel Smiles in the mid-nineteenth century, was integral to the success of mid-Victorian British emigration and colonialism. As Robert Hogg notes in his study of British colonial violence in British Columbia and Queensland, Samuel Smiles's notion of character, which embraced the virtues of hard work, perseverance, self-reliance, and energetic action, helped sanction masculine colonial violence and governance in these regions (23–24). According to Robert Grant in his examination of mid-Victorian emigration to Canada and Australia, one's desire “to better him or herself” was closely entwined with Smiles's self-help philosophy and the rhetoric of colonial promotion permeating British self-help texts “in the projection of the laborer's progress from tenant to smallholder to successful landowner through hard work” (178–79). Francine Tolron similarly observes the pervasiveness of the success narrative in emigrant accounts of New Zealand, noting that this story often constitutes “yet another tale of the British march of Progress” (169) with the yeoman, John Bull, as the hero at its centre, who adopts the imperialist impetus to subdue the wilderness and recreate an ideal England in which a man can earn gentility through hard work and uprightness of character (169–70). She extends accounts by male emigrants to New Zealand to the “collective psyche” of all New Zealanders “whose stuff is made up of earth, so to speak, the inheritors of the old archetypal Englishman who worked on the land before the dawn of the industrial era” (173). These studies contribute significantly to a growing body of scholarship that considers the connections between self-help literature and British emigration and colonialism. Yet, occasionally such analyses apply the meaning of self-help rhetoric universally across British male and female emigrant groups when the rise from tenant to landowner was typically a male, not a female, prerogative. Building on this important body of work, this paper considers how domestic concerns, rather than a sole focus on controlling foreign lands and people, informed versions of success penned by a particular group of mid-Victorian middle-class female emigrants and these women's understanding of their positioning within the colonies.

‘Self-Help which Ennobles a Nation’: Development, citizenship, and the obligations of eating in India's austerity years

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN SIEGEL
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
New Nation

AbstractIn the years immediately following independence, India's political leadership, assisted by a network of civic organizations, sought to transform what, how, and how much Indians ate. These campaigns, this article argues, embodied a broader post-colonial project to reimagine the terms of citizenship and development in a new nation facing enduring scarcity. Drawing upon wartime antecedent, global ideologies of population and land management, and an ethos of austerity imbued with the power to actualize economic self-reliance, the new state urged its citizens to give up rice and wheat, whose imports sapped the nation of the foreign currency needed for industrial development. In place of these staples, India's new citizens were asked to adopt ‘substitute’ and ‘subsidiary’ foods—including bananas, groundnuts, tapioca, yams, beets, and carrots—and give up a meal or more each week to conserve India's scant grain reserves. And as Indian planners awaited the possibility of fundamental agricultural advance and agrarian reform, they looked to food technology and the promise of ‘artificial rice’ as a means of making up for India's perennial food deficit. India's women, as anchors of the household—and therefore, the nation—were tasked with facilitating these dietary transformations, and were saddled with the blame when these modernist projects failed. Unable to marshal the resources needed to undertake fundamental agricultural reform, India's planners placed greater faith in their ability to exercise authority over certain aspects of Indian citizenship itself, tying the remaking of practices and sentiments to the reconstruction of a self-reliant national economy.

Ujamaa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Profound Impact ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
African Socialism ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Communal Labor ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Total Participation

The idea of Ujamaa emerged from the writing and speeches of Tanzania’s first president, Julius K Nyerere, from the late 1950s and into the 1960s. Usually translated as “familyhood,” it was a form of African socialism that blended broadly conceived socialist principles with a distinctly “communitarian” understanding of African societies, and a strong commitment to egalitarian societies. It was to form the bedrock of efforts to institute profound social change from the late 1960s, directed and shaped by the state. At the heart of the idea of Ujamaa were ideas around self-reliance (people should build for themselves their futures), total participation of all in developing the nation (“nation building,” and self-help), communal labor in the rural sector and communal ownership of land, and nationalizations in the private sector and of public services. Ujamaa as an idea was to have a profound impact on Tanzanian economic and development policies from the late 1960s, but also had a wider continental impact in contributing to and shaping a distinctive form of African socialism in the 1960s and 1970s.

The American Sufis: Self-Help, Sufism, and Metaphysical Religion in Postcolonial Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 864-893
Author(s):  
Arthur Shiwa Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
World Today ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Metaphysical Religion ◽  
American Thought ◽  
Contemporary Islam

AbstractThis article examines an Arabic commentary on the American self-help pioneer Dale Carnegie's How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, written by a one-time leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Muḥammad al-Ghazālī. Ghazālī’s 1956 commentary was perhaps the earliest manifestation of an influential genre of literature within the Islamic world today: “Islamic self-help.” Although scholars treat Islamic self-help as an effect of neoliberalism, this article reorients the study of Islamic self-help beyond neoliberalism by showing first, that Ghazālī’s early version of it emerged through a critical engagement with several ideological forms that relate in complex ways to neoliberalism's antecedent, liberalism; and second, that his Islamic self-help is best understood in terms of an Islamic encounter with American metaphysical religion made possible by Carnegie's text. It argues that Ghazālī’s Islamic self-help constituted a radical reconfiguration of Western self-help, one that replaced the ethics of self-reliance and autonomy with Islamic ethical sensibilities clustered around the notions of human insufficiency and dependence upon God. In doing so, it highlights how scholars of contemporary Islam might fruitfully pose the question of how novel intellectual trends and cultural forms, like self-help, become Islamic, instead of limiting their analysis to how Islam is reshaped by modern Euro-American thought, institutions, and practices.

“Arise From the Dust, My Sons, and Be Men”

2019 ◽  
pp. 362-390
Author(s):  
Amy Easton-Flake
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
New Model ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
American Adam

The Book of Mormon joined a conversation of American manhood in flux. While American literature gave rise to a new model of manhood, the American Adam, self-help literature offered male passions freer rein, heralding self-reliance, self-interest, and self-improvement. Within popular print, autonomy and individualism were becoming the bedrock of American masculinity. Into this print culture came The Book of Mormon, a text intended, at least in part, to instruct its readers how God-fearing men should behave. This essay argues that the performance of masculinity supported by the text can best be understood within the context not only of ideals for men, but also of prescribed ideals for women and their religious concerns. While The Book of Mormon’s narrative shored up the importance of fatherhood and patriarchal authority, it simultaneously emphasized the centrality of female concerns and traits.

Group Experiences and Individual Differences in Stuttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults Who Stutter

Purpose This study explored group experiences and individual differences in the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings perceived by adults who stutter. Respondents' goals when speaking and prior participation in self-help/support groups were used to predict individual differences in reported behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Method In this study, 502 adults who stutter completed a survey examining their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in and around moments of stuttering. Data were analyzed to determine distributions of group and individual experiences. Results Speakers reported experiencing a wide range of both overt behaviors (e.g., repetitions) and covert behaviors (e.g., remaining silent, choosing not to speak). Having the goal of not stuttering when speaking was significantly associated with more covert behaviors and more negative cognitive and affective states, whereas a history of self-help/support group participation was significantly associated with a decreased probability of these behaviors and states. Conclusion Data from this survey suggest that participating in self-help/support groups and having a goal of communicating freely (as opposed to trying not to stutter) are associated with less negative life outcomes due to stuttering. Results further indicate that the behaviors, thoughts, and experiences most commonly reported by speakers may not be those that are most readily observed by listeners.

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