scholarly journals Impact of the economic crisis on the financial results of micro-enterprises in the city of Ambato

Minerva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Wilson Arevalo ◽  
Jenny Valle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Adequate Method ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Companies are created to generate return on investment, profit maximization, in the competitive market it is essential to incorporate positioning strategies, products, prices and quality. The global pandemic COVID-19 forced many companies to redirect their sales strategies, others even had to close operations during the confinement decreed, due to the reduction in consumption and demand for products and services, the micro sector companies were undoubtedly the one that was most affected. The research analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on the financial results of micro companies in the city of Ambato, where the highest per-centage of companies of this type is concentrated. The research was carried out using an adequate method-ology that allowed to know the information directly with the owners of the companies selected in the sample, to generate the discussion results. Keywords: Economic impact, economic crisis, micro enterprises, financial results. References [1]B. C. d. Ecuador, «Banco Central del Ecuador,» 18 septiembre 2020. [Online]. Available: https://contenido.bce.fin.ec/documentos/PublicacionesNotas/Catalogo/Anuario/Boletinanuario.htm. [Last access: 26 03 2021]. [2]B. Mundial, «Informes para America Latina Banco Mundial,» 01 julio 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ban-comundial.org/es/news/press-release/2020/07/01/ecuador-micro-pequenas-medianas-empresas. [Last access: 22 02 2021]. [3]C. E. p. A. Laitna, «Publicaciones CEPAL,» 24 julio 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/45734-sectores-empresas-frente-al-covid-19-emergencia-reactivacion. [Last access: 21 o4 2021]. [4]M. Dzul, Aplicación básica de los métodos científicos, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2019. [5]M. Campos Ocampo, Métodos de investigación Académica, San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, 2017. [6]R. Graterol, Metodología de la Investigación, Estado de Mérida: Univerdidad de Los Andes, 2017. [7]C. Hoyos, Modelos para investigación documental, Medellin: Señal, 2016.  

scholarly journals The (No-)Public Space. Reviewing the Transformation of Al-Qaed Ibrahim's Urban Image

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Iman Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Public spaces are defined as places that should be accessible to all inhabitants without restrictions. They are spaces not only for gathering, socializing and celebrating but also for initiating discussions, protesting and demonstrating. Thus, public spaces are intangible expressions of democracy—a topic that the paper tackles its viability within the context of Alexandria, case study Al-Qaed Ibrahim square. On the one hand, Al-Qaed Ibrahim square which is named after Al-Qaed Ibrahim mosque is a sacred element in the urban fabric; whereas on the other it represents a non-religious revolutionary symbol in the Alexandrian urban public sphere. This contradiction necessitates finding an approach to study the characteristic of this square/mosque within the Alexandrian context—that is to realize the impact of the socio-political events on the image of Al-Qaed Ibrahim square, and how it has transformed into a revolutionary urban symbol and yet into a no-public space. The research revolves around the hypothesis that the political events taking place in Egypt after January 25th, 2011, have directly affected the development of urban public spaces, especially in Alexandria. Therefore methodologically, the paper reviews the development of Al-Qaed Ibrahim square throughout the Egyptian socio-political changes, with a focus on the square’s urban and emotional contextual transformations. For this reason, the study adheres to two theories: the "city elements" by Kevin Lynch and "emotionalizing the urban" by Frank Eckardt. The aim is not only to study the mentioned public space but also to figure out the changes in people’s societal behaviour and emotion toward it. Through empowering public spaces, the paper calls the different Egyptian political and civic powers to recognize each other, regardless of their religious, ethnical or political affiliations. It is a step towards replacing the ongoing political conflicts, polarization, and suppression with societal reconciliation, coexistence, and democracy.

scholarly journals The impact of the means of communication on family relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Twana Faraidun Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Day By Day

This research tries to access to a range of outcomes, and to answer the fundamental question, a search (What is the impact of the means of communication on family relationships?).Try researcher through the form of a questionnaire to collect information in the field of the research community and in order to achieve his goal, And it relied on the questionnaire form for being an important means used extensively in sociology studies, The center of the city of Sulaymaniyah spatial boundaries of the search, where it is taken (200) and a sample search unit and distributed to three different areas (rich, middle and poor) by taking a stratified random sample, The fact that the population of the city of Sulaymaniyah different in terms of economic and cultural level, it's easy to take the mixed researcher and different sample representing the research community in terms of level, category, and class. They were assembled for the purpose of research and study.      It must be pointed out that this research is particularly important at the present time because the means of communication have spread widely in the Kurdish community and become accessible to everyone on the one hand, on the other hand, the number of users of these methods is increasing day by day, This is in addition to the increased demand for them constantly, making conduct such research in this importance area to see its impact on family relationships, and knowledge of its money from the effects (negative and positive) It is known that this means a double-edged her weapon of negative and positive effects at the same time, It must be the effort to reduce the negative effects of these tools and become members of the community in the service, and most importantly of all, do educate individuals on how to deal with these tools properly. It also offers search a set of proposals and recommendations to the concerned authorities to work out and strengthen the community in front of the challenges of the era of globalization of communications and response, where he became the Kurdish community a society open to the outside world through these means, which resulted in a change of values and social norms and behaviors that were adhered to by members of the community.

A Holistic Assessment of Education City in Doha

2018 ◽  
pp. 228-247
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alraouf
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Education City ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Qatar, while developing its vision for the future, decided to adopt the knowledge economy as the new pillar for its economy and development. The chapter focuses on examining the impact of the one of the main and iconic national mega project in the capital Doha, the project named Education City (EC). The chapter scrutinizes EC's contribution to a more resilient future for Qatar. The chapter assesses the relative roles of such an influential project in preparing or hindering Qatar's moving towards the post-carbon paradigm. The project is examined using multilayered criteria, which include achieving urban diversity, relevance to knowledge-based urban development, supporting the diversification of the local economy, and accommodating multicultural society. The chapter concludes that education city is the most crucial urban projects in Qatar geared towards sustaining the knowledge economy as it creates ripples of change, knowledge dissemination, and a culture of innovation and creativity within the city.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Agri-Food Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Zaman ◽  
Mirela Clementina Panait ◽  
Marian Catalin Voica ◽  
Corina Ene
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Food Education ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable development is desired not only for public institutions but also for private companies that have realized the importance of sustainable management of limited resources available to mankind. The activity of large transnational corporations is not guided only by the principle of profit maximization, but also by corporate social responsibility (CSR). This chapter focuses on CSR programs run by agri-food companies taking into account the particularities of their activity and the importance of the consumers` behavior to improve the activity of companies in the CSR area. On the one hand, making profits is a desideratum of any company, but on the other hand, companies in the agri-food sector must also ensure the observance of the food safety principles and consumer protection. This is also demonstrated by the major implications of the scandals generated by food contamination with various bacteria or chemicals. Consumer force shapes the activity of these companies, and intense competition leads the managers of these companies to run various CSR programs that eventually lead to increased visibility of the firm and to improving economic indicators. The objective of the chapter is to establish the specificities of the agri-food sector companies. These companies have a high responsibility taking into account the impact of food consumption on the health of the population in the short, medium, and long term and the consequences of this situation on the investments that had to be made in the health sector. The final consumer is a force that sanctions the inappropriate behavior of food producers, but he/she must have a good food education in order to be able to remodel the activity of agri-food companies.

scholarly journals Applying a Model for Trip Assignment and Dynamic Routing of Automated Taxis with Congestion: System Performance in the City of Delft, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (8) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia ◽  
Bart van Arem
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper proposes a method of assigning trips to automated taxis (ATs) and designing the routes of those vehicles in an urban road network, and also considering the traffic congestion caused by this dynamic responsive service. The system is envisioned to provide a seamless door-to-door service within a city area for all passenger origins and destinations. An integer programming model is proposed to define the routing of the vehicles according to a profit maximization function, depending on the dynamic travel times, which varies with the ATs’ flow. This will be especially important when the number of automated vehicles (AVs) circulating on the roads is high enough that their routing will cause delays. This system should be able to serve not only the reserved travel requests, but also some real-time requests. A rolling horizon scheme is used to divide one day into several periods in which both the real-time and the booked demand will be considered together. The model was applied to the real size case study city of Delft, the Netherlands. The results allow assessing of the impact of the ATs movements on traffic congestion and the profitability of the system. From this case-study, it is possible to conclude that taking into account the effect of the vehicle flows on travel time leads to changes in the system profit, the satisfied percentage and the driving distance of the vehicles, which highlights the importance of this type of model in the assessment of the operational effects of ATs in the future.

scholarly journals Serious Games, Mental Images, and Participatory Mapping: Reflections on a Set of Enabling Tools for Capacity Building

Informatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Iulia Constantinescu ◽  
Oswald Devisch
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Capability Approach

Increasing complexity of societal questions requires participatory processes that engage with capable participants. We adopted Horellis’ stance on participation as not an isolated event but a constant communication between different groups that can be assured by using enabling tools. We applied the Capability Approach to frame a capacity-building process and understand how this framework can support a collective of entrepreneurs to become aware of their capabilities (and the impact of an ongoing urban renewal process on these capabilities). The Capability Approach emphasizes the personal and structural conditions that impact a person’s capability to choose—the conditions that affect the process of determining what a person values. The paper builds on a two year capacity-building process conducted in Genk, Belgium, and proposes a conceptual framework for building capacities, in which the process and outputs collide with ideas of choice, ability, and opportunity, notions central to the Capability Approach. The case study looks at one of the main commercial streets of the city (Vennestraat) and reflects on a set of enabling artefacts used to engage proprietors in the capacity-building process. This capacity-building process, characterized by the idea of space and capabilities, advances a critical viewpoint on issues related to participatory processes and gives practitioners a set of enabling tools to start a conversation over complex urban transformations, such as the one in Vennestraat.

scholarly journals “Ayudarnos es parte de nuestra cultura”. Estrategias de los migrantes ante la crisis económica: El caso de la población senegalesa en Granada

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Rosalía López Fernández ◽  
José Manuel Maroto Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Los efectos de la crisis económica han tenido un profundo impacto en el conjunto de la población, aunque la repercusión para la población inmigrante extranjera en general se ha visto magnificada por una serie de condiciones de partida que ya los situaban en posiciones de vulnerabilidad social. En este texto se pretende mostrar cómo los inmigrantes senegaleses de la ciudad de Granada han sufrido igualmente los efectos de esta crisis y cómo han puesto en marcha una serie de estrategias, basadas en el sentimiento de una cultura compartida y de una identidad senegalesa, mediante las cuales han hecho frente a la desatención institucional que ha sido justificada principalmente en términos económicos. El análisis de estas estrategias pone de manifiesto la manera en la que el colectivo senegalés afronta la crisis con menores costes sociales y personales, amortiguando el impacto negativo que la reducción de recursos públicos destinados a la atención de la población inmigrante ha tenido.  The effects of the economic crisis have had a profound impact on the whole population, although the impact for the foreign immigrant population has been magnified due to a serie of initial conditions which allocated them in positions of social vulnerability. This text is intended to show how Senegalese immigrants of the city of Granada have also suffered the effects of the economic crisis and how they have developed certain strategies based on the feeling of a shared culture and a Senegalese identity whereby they have faced the crisis and the institutional neglect that has been justified primarily in economic terms. The analysis of the strategies shows how the Senegalese community faces the crisis with the lower social and personal costs, cushioning the negative impact that the reduction of public resources destined to the attention of the immigrant population has had.

scholarly journals The School Library as An Active Support for Educational Achievements: A Survey Led in Secondary Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Azzedine Bouderbane ◽  
Bentayeb Zineb
Keyword(s):  
School Library ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Several things have been said in the field of pedagogy. But, this does not prevent the appearance of new educational concepts. The world of pedagogy has practically no limit. In our study, we attempted to identify the impact that school libraries could have on educational achievements. The statement of the problem was strengthened by two main questions: Could school libraries play a fundamental role in improving educational achievements? Could school libraries integrate their resources as pedagogical supports in the educational process? In our visits to thirty school libraries in the city of Constantine, we were able to conduct a descriptive study and collect interesting data that we analyzed through a qualitative approach. Significant results were obtained. The latter globally showed via several indicators that the school library, on the one hand, contributed concretely to educational achievements, and, on the other hand, played an efficient role in the learning process by providing a variety of supports and services to the users.

scholarly journals Le Corbusier and São Paulo – 1929: Architecture and Landscape

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Moreno Pianca
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Western History ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract: This article looks into Le Corbusier’s urban proposal for the City of São Paulo, as formulated during his journey to South America in 1929. It highlights the relationship between Architecture and Landscape exposed by Le Corbusier’s plan. This paper sets out to investigate the analysis that the innovative Swiss architect performed of the geography and morphology of São Paulo. It contrasts to the works and plans carried out by technicians and engineers at that time. In order to explain how Le Corbusier’s treatment of nature and landscape differs from them, we study the extent to which Le Corbusier’s plans show design approaches, which were unusual in terms of Western History and Memory. He also looks into the relationship between Le Corbusier’s work, on the one hand, and new technological elements and changes in the visual culture at that time, on the other hand, thus seeking to highlight certain obscure spots within Le Corbusier’s work. This study aims at bringing forward some speculations and methods present in the work of Le Corbusier on cities. It deals with contradictory aspects in Le Corbusier’s work in order to deepen our understanding of contemporary urban problems. Resumen: Este artículo investiga la hipótesis de proyecto de Le Corbusier para la ciudad de San Pablo, propuesta durante su viaje a América Latina en 1929, focalizando en las relaciones entre arquitectura y paisaje. La primera cuestión analizada en este trabajo es el innovador análisis de la geografía y la morfología de San Pablo propuesto por el arquitecto suizo, que contrasta con la manera con que los técnicos e ingenieros locales desarrollaban sus propuestas en ese momento. Para explicar dicha diferencia en la manera de lidiar con la naturaleza y el paisaje, el autor de este articulo estudia como el trabajo de Le Corbusier presenta abordajes de proyecto inusuales para la Historia y la Memoria, y su relación con los nuevos elementos tecnológicos y de la cultura visual de la época, procurando así resaltar ciertos puntos oscuros en el trabajo del arquitecto. Esta discusión intenta cuestionar ciertas especulaciones proyectuales y metodologías de trabajo presentes en el trabajo de Le Corbusier sobre ciudades, utilizando sus aspectos contradictorios como modo de profundizar nuestro entendimiento de los problemas urbanos contemporáneos.  Keywords: Modern Architecture; Modern Urbanism; Landscape Architecture; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. Palabras clave: Arquitectura Moderna; Urbanismo Moderno; Arquitectura Del Paisaje; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.937

scholarly journals Informal micro-enterprises: What impact does the business environment have on the decision of formalization?

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00052
Author(s):  
El hassania Rahou ◽  
Ahmed Taqi
Keyword(s):  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Business Regulations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This work studies the impact of the perception of the constraint imposed by the business environment on the disposition of Moroccan informal micro-enterprises to move to the formal sector. We test the hypothesis that this disposition to formalize is based on a profit maximization model consisting in comparing the advantages and costs of setting up in the formal and informal sectors. Using data collected from 100 informal micro-entrepreneurs and using step-by-step logistic regression, we find that the decision of microenterprises to structure themselves is dependent on the socio-economic characteristics of the country in question (macroeconomic context, legal and business regulations, etc.). In addition, we find that the desire for formalization is negatively impacted by perceptions linked to the unavailability of basic infrastructure (electricity, water, telephone, etc.), access to finance, access to premises, access to public contracts, access to information as well as the burden of administrative procedures. These results suggest that improving the business environment and general governance could further drive microenterprises to take the step towards formal entrepreneurship, thus providing a broader tax base and other benefits to society in the future.

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