scholarly journals Personality and risk of exposure to HIV infection in homosexual adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (110) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Franklin Anderson Garcia Lopez ◽  
Gabriela Lorena Abril Lucero ◽  
Diana Carolina Garcia Ramos ◽  
Sandra Elizabeth Ortiz Moya
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

The objective of this study is to identify the dimension of the personality that has the greatest influence on the risk of exposure to HIV infection. The models used to fulfill the scientific objective are the empirical method of information gathering and the theoretical deductive method. The 16-FP test and the HIV infection exposure assessment test applied to homosexual adolescents between 18 and 24 years old allowed us to measure the association of the study variables. The non-association between personality and the risk of HIV infection is concluded. The predominant personality dimension is the category called toughness. The prevailing risk level of exposure to HIV is the medium risk. The average age with minimal risk of infection is 20 years, the average risk is 20.9 years, and the high risk of infection is 21.9 years. Keywords: Personality, homosexuality, HIV, risk of infection. References [1]T. Santa Cruz y M. Antezana, «Impact on corporate image in the face of inclusion of LGBT communities in retail stores in Peru,» Correspondencias & Análisis, vol. 13, nº 1, pp. 101 - 126, 2021. [2]R. Muñoz, «Estigma estructural, adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y cultura organizacional de cuidados en la atención hospitalaria en VIH y Sida enGuayaquil, Ecuador,» Andamios, vol. 15, nº 36, pp. 311- 341, 2018. [3]L. Brito, D. Jiménez, E. Sinche y A. Angulo, «KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS LINKED TO HIV/AIDS IN SHUAR COMMUNITIES OF ECUADOR, » Ciencia y enfermería, vol. 25, nº 1, 2019. [4]J. Rausch, A. Gäbel, K. Nagy y N. Kleindienst, «El aumento de los niveles de testosterona y cortisol al despertar respuestas en pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad: Género y el rasgo de agresividad cuestión, » Psiconeuroendocrinologí, vol. 55, nº 1, pp. 116-127, 2015. [5]D. Mosquera, A. Gonzalez, y Van der Hart, O., «Trastorno límite de personalidad, trauma en la infancia y disociación estructural de la personalidad,» INTRA-TP, pp. 1 - 18, 2013. [6]V. Caballo, Manual de trastornos de la personalidad: Descripción, evaluación y tratamiento, Madrid: Síntesis, 2004. [7]O. González, N. Pérez y M. Redondo, «Procesos básicos en una aproximación cognitivo-conductual a los trastornos de personalidad,» Clínica y salud, pp. 401-423, 2007. [8]P. Fernández y A. Morales, «“No quiero que me rechacen”: Experiencias sobre la revelación del estado serológico a las parejas sexuales en hombres,» Escritos de Psicología, vol. 7, pp. 44 - 55, 2014. [9]B. Buenrostro, H. González, I. Delgado, A. Mora, J. Cadenas y S. Montero, «Frecuencia de infección por VIH/sida en usuarios de preservativo,» Revista Cubanade Investigaciones Biomédica, vol. 31, pp. 480 - 489, 2012.

PERCEPTION OF VULNERABILITY TO HIV INFECTION AMONG OLDER PEOPLE IN NAIROBI, KENYA: A NEED FOR INTERVENTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLORIA CHEPNGENO-LANGAT
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Hiv Women

SummaryIt is evident that sexual activity tends to decrease with age. Nonetheless, it is still prevalent enough to be considered a risk factor for the spread of HIV among older people. This paper uses quantitative data for 2053 individuals to examine HIV risk perception and correlates of perceived risk among older people aged 50 years and older living in Nairobi slums. It emerged that a majority of older people did not consider themselves at risk of infection. Of those who felt at risk, a greater proportion sensed only a small chance of contracting HIV. Women cited ‘no sexual activity’ while men mentioned ‘having only one and/or a faithful sexual partner’ as the primary reasons for perceiving minimal risk of HIV infection. There were no differences by sex in the basis for perceiving moderate-to-great risk of infection. Religion is a key factor in risk perception with Muslims perceiving higher levels of risk and, conversely, devotees irrespective of faith perceiving lower levels of risk. Older people willing to be tested for HIV had a decreased likelihood of perceived risk compared with those unwilling to be tested. This paper recommends evaluation of older people's perception of risk in order to better inform interventions aimed at minimizing their vulnerability to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Biological risk assessment: A challenge for occupational health and safety practitioners during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Carlos Carvalhais ◽  
Micaela Querido ◽  
Cristiana C. Pereira ◽  
Joana Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Medium Risk

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic brought several challenges to occupational safety and health practice. One of these is the need to (re)assess the occupational risks, particularly, biological risks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to promote guidance to occupational safety and health practitioners when conducting a biological risk assessment in this context. METHODS: The main steps of the biological risk assessment are explained with some inputs regarding the novelty posed by SARS-CoV-2 and an example of a qualitative risk assessment method is presented. Also, its application to two different activities was exemplified. RESULTS: In both cases, the assessment considered that vulnerable workers were working from home or in medical leave. The results showed low or medium risk level for the assessed tasks. For medium risk level, additional controls are advised, such maintain social distancing, sanitize instruments/equipment before use, use proper and well-maintained PPE (when applicable), and promote awareness sessions to spread good practices at work. Employers must be aware of their obligations regarding biological risk assessment and OSH practitioners must be prepared to screen and link the abundance of scientific evidence generated following the outbreak, with the technical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This paper could be an important contribution to OSH practice since it highlights the need to (re)assess occupational risks, especially biological risk, to ensure a safe return to work, providing technical guidance.

scholarly journals Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Risk of Infection-Related Cancer During Early HIV Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1668-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro H. Borges ◽  
Jacqueline Neuhaus ◽  
Abdel G. Babiker ◽  
Keith Henry ◽  
Mamta K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Of Infection

scholarly journals Social and Behavioral Health Factors Associated with Violent and Mature Gaming in Early Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4996
Author(s):  
Linda Charmaraman ◽  
Amanda M. Richer ◽  
Megan A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Based ◽  
Violent Content

We examined how risk level of video games, measured by maturity and violence level, was associated with behavioral health, social impacts, and online social interactions. School-based surveys in two different cohorts assessed self-reported gaming behaviors, health, and social media use. For Study 1, our 700 participants were 52% female and 48% White (mean age 12.7). Middle school students who played the high-risk games reported higher depressive symptoms and problematic internet behaviors, less sleep, more time spent playing games, and higher frequency of checking social media than non-gaming students. Those who played high-risk games were less likely to play alone and to play with strangers than those who played minimal-risk games. For Study 2, our 772 participants were 50% female and 57% White (mean age 12.6). Similar to Study 1, we found that those who played the high-risk games spent significantly more time playing games, were more interactive with other players, and had poorer sleep outcomes than non-high-risk gamers. Additionally, playing high-risk games had significantly different social impacts of gaming compared to less-risky gaming, including spending more money on games, spending less time on homework and with family or skipping meals due to gaming. Mature and violent content of video games and amount of online social interaction associated with gaming play a strong role in behavioral health and social impacts within families. These results can inform guidelines to intervene when problematic behaviors emerge.

Risk-Based Inspection Analysis for High Pressure Hydrogenation Cracking Unit

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Inspection Plan ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Equipment Unit ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Risk Grade

High pressure hydrogenation cracking unit is the core equipment system in the aromatic plant, which is subjected simultaneously to the action of hydrogen and high pressure and high temperature. In this paper, quantitative analysis method of RBI was carried out by Orbit-Onshore software, which was developed by DNV corporation. In API 581, the risk situation for a certain equipment unit were classified into four grades, such as low risk grade and medium risk grade and medium-high risk grade and high grade, which is expressed as risk matrix. The whole risk distribution of 553 equipment and piping items was obtained, and in which the hydrocracking reactors and the reactor effluent air coolers are belong to ‘medium-high risk’ grade. Based on the RBI results, an optimum inspection plan was developed by the author to reduce the risk level for the hydrogenation cracking unit. It is concluded that the optimum inspection plan was completely satisfied with the engineering specification of the aromatic plant, after the validation of the inspection activity in 2004.

Women and the Risk of HIV Infection in Nigeria: Implications for Control Programs

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola J. Ajuwon ◽  
Wuraola Shokunbi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Commercial Sex Work ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Sexually Risky ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
High Level

AIDS is a growing public health problem in Nigeria. Since 1984 when AIDS was officially reported in the country, the number of persons infected with HIV and those with AIDS continue to increase rapidly. This trend is likely to persist in the coming years because, in spite of a high level of public awareness about AIDS, many Nigerians continue to engage in behaviors, such as unprotected sexual networking, which would raise their risk of exposure to HIV. Women in Nigeria are particularly susceptible to HIV infection and its consequences because existing sexual norms place them at a disadvantage in that they are unable to control the sexually risky behaviors of their spouses or take action that would limit their risk of exposure. The current economic crisis in Nigeria has also caused many women to go into full-time commercial sex work or enter other occupations in which they are predisposed to being lured or forced to having sexually risky relationships with men. Unfortunately, the current AIDS control intervention in Nigeria do not address these issues. This article draws attention to the biological, cultural, and economic conditions which make women in Nigeria susceptible to HIV infection and recommends how to overcome them.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium chimaera: The ethical duty to disclose the minimal risk of infection to exposed patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422-1424.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Nguyen ◽  
C. Christopher Hook ◽  
Joseph A. Dearani ◽  
Hartzell V. Schaff
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Ethical Duty

scholarly journals Respiratory protective devices for the healthcare workers (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Valery A. Kaptsov ◽  
Alexander V. Chirkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Certification Requirements

Introduction. Healthcare practitioners are at increased risk of infection with infectious diseases, including the inhalation route. Healthcare practitioners use respirators of various designs providing different efficiency of protection. The purpose of the study was to improve efficiency of the respiratory protection of the healthcare practitioners in Russian Federation. There were analyzed available NIOSH publications, articles in journals Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press, published materials of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), and western training manuals. Differences in the requirements of the legislation were identified that increase the risk of infection in healthcare practitioners. There are no methods for assessing the risk level, and there are no specific requirements for selecting the respirator’s type that corresponds to the risk level. The employer is not obliged to provide the fit test for all employees. The respirator must be used timely, so it should not negatively affect the worker. But the average carbon dioxide concentration can exceed the STEL by more than two times. The certification requirements for respirators do not correspond to the conditions of their use in the hospitals. Respirators were not certified as means of protection against bioaerosols. Conclusions. Identified shortcomings in the respiratory safety of health care workers show possible ways to improve their protection by harmonizing national legislation with the best of existing Western requirements.

scholarly journals Fractionation and Mobility of Lead in Klity Creek Riverbank Sediments, Kanchanaburi, Thailand

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerawit Poopa ◽  
Prasert Pavasant ◽  
Vorapot Kanokkantapong ◽  
Bunyarit Panyapinyopol
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Sediment Contamination ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Reducible Fraction ◽  
Polluted Zone

The sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the distribution and chemical fractions of lead (Pb) in Klity Creek sediments, Kanchanaburi, Thailand with the main objective to define the lead mobility in sediment and potential bioavailability in relation to sediment contamination levels. Samples were collected from a total of twelve sampling sites distributed from upstream of the polluted zone until the final downstream point at Srinakarin Reservoir. The results showed that the background value of total lead concentration in the sediments from this area was higher than those reported from other locations in Thailand. Sequential extraction results revealed that lead was mainly associated with the reducible fraction especially in the polluted zone in the vicinity of the ore dressingplant. This is different from the distribution of lead fractions upstream and downstream of the polluted area, i.e. reducible fraction was the major component upstream whereas strongly dissociated fractions (oxidizable and residual) were the major components for the downstream samples (at Srinakarin Reservoir). A significant amount of the lead fraction in the study area was rather mobile, suggesting it as readily available to living organisms. Most samples exhibited a medium risk level with Risk AssessmentCode (RAC) values of more than 10%.

scholarly journals Analysis of Farmers’ Stated Risk and Their Perceptions Towards Climate Change in the Northwest of Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Orduño Torres ◽  
Zein Kallas ◽  
Selene Ivette Ornelas Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Relevant Factors

Risk attitudes are relevant factors affecting the production and investment decisions at farm level. They are key factors that are related to farmers’ attitudes towards environment and climate change. Several methodological approaches are available to measure the level of stated risk of an economic agent. The Multiple Price List (MPL) method is one of the methods that is gaining relevance. In this study we apply the MPL and relate the risk outcomes with farmers’ characteristics and their perception towards environment and climate change. Data was collected using a face to face survey carried out for a group of 370 agricultural producers of the irrigation district located in northwest of Mexico. Results showed an average risk of about 0.32, locating the agricultural producers of the region in a group with risk aversion, according to the MPL scale. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the socioeconomic factors and the perceptions towards climate change are related to the farmers´ stated risk level. Farmers who are young women with propensity to use public support to invest were shown to be greater risk lovers. Farmers in the region have perceived climate change to a greater extent like floods, hail, diseases and pests, and changing vegetation.

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