Morphological changes in parenchymal organs of laboratory animals in acute effect of carbon tetrachloride

Introduction. Among noninfectious diseases, one of the leading places belongs to pathologies caused by the action of industrial toxicants. In this regard, the search for drugs for the prevention and treatment of various intoxications is one of the priority tasks of public health. Treatment of intoxication with drugs with antioxidant and antihypoxic activity is more effective. The aim of this study was to investigate morphological changes in parenchymal organs (liver, kidneys, and pancreas) under acute exposure to high doses of carbon tetrachloride and to evaluate the effectiveness of their correction with a new composition of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid. Material and methods. The composition of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with ascorbic acid was first synthesized at the Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS. The preventive effect of the new drug was studied in comparison with “Heptor” on the carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury model. Morphological studies of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys of laboratory animals were carried out. Results. Studies have shown the prophylactic administration of new composition of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with ascorbic acid to have a protective effect on the structure of parenchymal organs in acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication, comparable to the drug “Heptor” (possibly superior). However, reparative properties were observed only in the drug “Heptor”. Conclusion. Comparative estimation of morphological changes in parenchymal organs under acute exposure to high doses of carbon tetrachloride indicates the protective effect of prophylactic administration of the composition of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with ascorbic acid, comparable to the drug “Heptor” (possibly superior).

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EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF A NEW COMPOSITION OF OXIMETHURACIL WITH CARBONIC ACIDS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-1004-1010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 1004-1010

Author(s):

E. F. Repina ◽

D. O. Karimov ◽

G. V. Timasheva ◽

N. Yu. Khusnutdinova ◽

A. R. Gimadieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Premature Death ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Antihypoxic Activity ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Morphological Studies

Introduction. The high frequency of chemical poisoning is accompanied by an increase in the absolute number of cases of chemical damage to the liver. There is growing evidence that acute chemical poisoning in Russia is among the leading non-infectious diseases leading to premature death of male and female working-age people. It seems relevant to search for new pharmacological agents with low toxicity and high hepatoprotective activity, which increase the body’s stability under the influence of adverse environmental factors. The use of metabolic action drugs combining antioxidant and antihypoxic activity as hepatoprotectors is promising. The purpose of this study is an experimental evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of a new composition of oxymethyluracil with succinic and fumaric acids. Material and methods. The composition of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with succinic and fumaric acids was first synthesized at the Ufa Institute of Chemistry. Using the model of acute liver toxic damage with carbon tetrachloride in laboratory animals, the prophylactic effect of a new drug was studied in comparison with heptor (ademetionine). Biochemical and morphological studies of laboratory animals’ biomaterial were conducted. Results. The analysis showed that when using the studied drugs, biochemical parameters were close to the level of control animals. Morphological changes in the liver were less pronounced in the group of animals treated with the new composition, compared with changes in the structure of the liver of animals treated with heptorator (ademetionin). Conclusion. The new composition of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with succinic and fumaric acids has a protective effect on the liver of laboratory animals with the acute toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride, comparable, and in some cases, exceeding the preventive effect of heptoperam (ademetionine).

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The effectiveness of the use of oxymethyl uracil on the model of acute alcohol intoxication

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1287-1291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 1287-1291

Author(s):

Ahat B. Bakirov ◽

Elvira F. Repina ◽

Denis O. Karimov ◽

Samat S. Baigildin ◽

Alfiya R. Gimadieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Effective Means ◽

Experimental Models ◽

The Body ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Corrective Effect

Introduction. Considering the prevalence of acute alcohol poisoning in Russia, it seems urgent to search for new effective means of correcting them. Along with taking measures to remove ethanol from the body, pathogenetic correction is effective. Oxymethyluracil and its derivatives have proven to be effective hepatoprotectors in various experimental models of liver damage. The aim of the research was the evaluation of the effectiveness of oxymethyl uracil on the model of acute alcohol intoxication. Material and methods. On the model of acute toxic liver injury of laboratory animals with ethanol, the efficiency of correction of pathological changes with oxymethyl uracil was studied compared to the drug “Mexidol”. A complex of biochemical, morphological and genetic studies was carried out. Results. The morphological studies showed that the correction with oxymethyluracil was more effective at both time points than the drug “Mexidol”, which was manifested in a lower intensity of damage to the liver parenchyma. In the group that received oxymethyluracil, a restoration of the frequency of expression of the Chek 1 gene was observed both after 24 and 72 hours. Upon acute exposure to ethanol, a slight decrease in the level of RIPK1 gene expression was observed. The level of expression of this gene decreased most significantly during the correction of oxy methyl uracil. A decrease in the frequency of expression of this gene can indicate a slowdown in necrosis processes and suppression of reactive oxygen species production in liver cells and, consequently, a curative effect of oxymethyluracil in this type of intoxication. Conclusion. Based on the complex biochemical, morphological and genetic studies carried out, it can be concluded that under acute exposure to ethanol, the corrective effect of oxymethyl uracil is more pronounced than Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate).

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Morphological changes in the tissues of the knee joints of rats in carrageenan-induced experimental arthritis

Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology ◽

10.31393/bba40-2020-02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

O. V. Pelypenko

Keyword(s):

Synovial Membrane ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Functional Layer ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

And Cartilage

Every fifth inhabitant of the earth has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis of various etiologies. Morphological studies of arthritis provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal treatments for this pathology. Given the polyetiological nature of the disease, the choice of the optimal experimental model, which would be as close as possible to the real conditions of inflammatory process reproduction, is the topical issue. The purpose of the study was to confirm the pathological reaction of the joint tissues of laboratory animals in response to intraperitoneal administration of ƛ-carrageenan. The study was performed on 50 white Wistar rats males aged 12 weeks, weighing 130-150 g. The animals were euthanized by an overdose of anaesthesia according to the terms of the study (1 - 30 days). Fragments of the distal metaepiphyses of the femur and proximal metaepiphyses of the tibia were used for histological examination. Staining of sections obtained on the microtome was performed with haematoxylin, eosin, and Van Gieson`s stain. From the first day of the experimental study, a corresponding reaction of the joint tissues was being observed. Particularly pronounced were the changes in the synovial membrane in the form of oedema of the villi accompanied by an increased filling of blood vessels with foci of thrombosis. Gradually, up to 5 days in the synovial membrane, proliferative changes took place with a clear definition of the multilineage of the integumentary layer, vascular reaction with a tendency to thrombosis, in some places necrosis of synoviocytes was observed, but relative integrity of the morphological structure was still provided by protective barriers of bone and cartilage. On the 7th day pronounced resorption of both bone and cartilage tissue occurred, tissue structure became disorganized and functional layer became thin, accompanied by massive intracellular lysis. The process of synoviocytes necrobiosis with fatty degeneration spread. The histological picture of 10 days is characterized by generalized destruction of bone beams; the destroyed cartilage was replaced by granulation tissue with the presence of cavities. Massive foci of lymphocytic infiltration were observed in the synovial membrane. On the 14th day, a fragmentation of cartilage happened, most of the bone beams (trabeculae) were destroyed. After 3 weeks the morphological picture of cartilage tissue was determined by the appearance in the lacunae of viable cells, the number of which was close to normal. Bone beams were restored, although they remained thin. In a synovial membrane, the hyperplasia of apical departments of villi, leukocytes infiltration, disorganization of connective tissue, and separate vascular disturbances remained. 30 days of the experiment were characterized by a relative recovery of structural relationships to normal. The obtained data confirm the feasibility of using carrageenan in experimental studies of osteoarthritis.

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Protective effect of mixture of Aloe and Silybum on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0028-1084190 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (09) ◽

Author(s):

YJ Moon ◽

WC Lee ◽

SJ Kim ◽

ST Oh ◽

EJ Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Protective Effect

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Protective effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1596904 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (S 01) ◽

pp. S1-S381

Author(s):

M Noubarani ◽

SA Khayat ◽

R Mafinezhad ◽

S Mohebbi ◽

K Mohammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cydonia Oblonga

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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

Bulletin Biomedicine and sociology ◽

10.26787/nydha-2618-8783-2020-5-3-41-47 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Semeleva E.V. ◽

Blinova E.V. ◽

Zaborovsky A.V. ◽

Vasilkina O.V. ◽

Shukurov A.S.

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zinc Salt ◽

Control Group ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cord Injury ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Acid Compound ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

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Synthesis of a silymarin-gold nanoparticle conjugate and analysis of its liver-protecting activity

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210101163734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Sergey Staroverov ◽

Sergey Kozlov ◽

Alexander Fomin ◽

Konstantib Gabalov ◽

Alexey Volkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Glutathione Depletion ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Experimental Hepatitis ◽

Acute Liver Disease ◽

The Mean ◽

Extent Of Damage ◽

First Time

Background: The liver disease problem prompts investigators to search for new methods of liver treatment. Introduction: Silymarin (Sil) protects the liver by reducing the concentration of free radicals and the extent of damage to the cell membranes. A particularly interesting method to increase the bioavailability of Sil is to use synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as reagents. The study considered whether it was possible to use the silymarin-AuNP conjugate as a potential liver-protecting drug. Method: AuNPs were conjugated to Sil and examine the liver-protecting activity of the conjugate. Experimental hepatitis and hepatocyte cytolysis after carbon tetrachloride actionwere used as a model system, and the experiments were conducted on laboratory animals. Result: For the first time, silymarin was conjugated to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electron microscopy showed that the resultant preparations were monodisperse and that the mean conjugate diameter was 18–30 nm ± 0.5 nm (mean diameter of the native nanoparticles, 15 ± 0.5 nm). In experimental hepatitis in mice, conjugate administration interfered with glutathione depletion in hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride was conducive to an increase in energy metabolism, and stimulated the monocyte–macrophage function of the liver. The results were confirmed by the high respiratory activity of the hepatocytes in cell culture. Conclusion: We conclude that the silymarin-AuNP conjugate holds promise as a liver-protecting agent in acute liver disease caused by carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

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Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 615

Author(s):

Martin Doseděl ◽

Eduard Jirkovský ◽

Kateřina Macáková ◽

Lenka Krčmová ◽

Lenka Javorská ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Renal Stones ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

High Doses ◽

Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

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