scholarly journals Living with water. How memory and experience can help build community resilience in Dordrecht

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Audrey O. Esteba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
City Center ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Old City ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

In 2021, Dordrecht, the oldest city in the Netherlands, will be commemorating the 600th anniversary of the St. Elizabeth flood. This disaster flood event inundated the entire Dordrecht and separated the city from Geertruidenberg. After the flood Dordrecht was left with only the old city center that the city had to reclaim their land. To date Dordrecht has remained an island surrounded by water. The city’s vulnerability to flooding have prompted the city to actively participate in climate adaptation strategies and innovative design methodologies to help the island city cope with changing climatic conditions. Dordrecht is one of the cities participating in the Room for the River project which allows vast tracks of land to be flooded in the event of a big flood. The city is also surrounded by dikes that protect parts of the city from any impending flood danger. Still the historic city center which lies in the unembanked area occasionally experience flooding. Every two to five years residents of Dordrecht especially in the old city center experience some low level flooding due to high waters and heavy rainfall. Yearly the city conducts a drill in the city center to train people on how to place flood barriers and sandbags in front of their homes. However, there is also a sense of complacency especially for the areas in the city where the structural measures were heavily constructed (those that are within the dike). This feeling of complacency may have been placed due to their strong belief that the city is indeed safe due to the structural measures that have been carefully integrated to ensure that flooding will never happen again. Memory-based disaster experience can be the starting point in building knowledge on disasters. Most often people who have experienced a disaster can provide experiential knowledge in dealing with disasters in the future. Further people who experience disasters on a more regular basis have more built in memory and knowledge. Using interviews from key stakeholders of Dordrecht, the paper will draw out how this memory-based disaster experience and living with water helps Dordrecht towards its vision to become a self-reliant island.

REGENERATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE OBJECTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN ESTATES OF THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. IVANOVA ◽  
Fedor V. KARASEV
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
City Center ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Center Density

The article views the classifi cation and features of the formation of objects of landscape architecture in the structure of households of the estate building of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries on the example of the city of Samara taking into account the town-planning features: social affi liation, location relative to the historic city center, density, height, functional and planning type of buildings. Emphasis is placed on the preservation of objects of landscape architecture within the borders of the existing households, which form the basis of the planning of the neighborhoods of the historic city center. Considering the identifi ed classifi cation a technique for the preservation and development of landscape architecture objects in modern conditions is proposed.

scholarly journals TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION ON HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AREA OF EL EJIDO IN CUENCA, ECUADOR

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
S. Auquilla ◽  
M. Siguencia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
City Center ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract. Cuenca in Ecuador is a growing city, weak in the face of the changes that the expansion phenomenon implies. The area of El Ejido was the first expansion area of the city with valuable samples of the arrival of modernity in the city. Nowadays, this sector is not exempted from the effects of urban growth and deserves to be managed through a proper management plan for its preservation. Degraded landscapes have been identified, modern heritage architecture shows clear symptoms of abandonment and low maintenance, causing the disappearance of historic buildings. Given these and other problems associated with urban development, Cuenca, like other cities, has taken the initiative of adopting the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) adopted by UNESCO in 2011, as a measure to safeguard urban heritage. In 2014, the implementation of this relatively new approach was first initiated in the pilot area of the Historic City Centre of Cuenca. This area was included in the World Heritage List in 1999 based on criteria II, IV, and V.However, aware of the significant heritage values embedded at El Ejido and its close urban and landscape link with the Historical City Center, the aim of this research is the implementation of the HUL’s approach in a specific area located in El Ejido. Due to the clear difference between this sector and the Historical City Center, it is necessary to assess the first methodology used and work on a methodology that can be extrapolated to this sector and further on to other sectors of the city. To obtain the methodology for this area, it is essential to carry out a territorial exploration in cities with similar characteristics to Cuenca that are implementing an approach based on the study of the Historical Urban Landscape Recommendation.

scholarly journals Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal. World Heritage City: An invitation to Cultural Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-459
Author(s):  
Susana Serpa Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
City Center ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The city of Angra, whose name derives from the small cove that serves as its port, is the oldest one in the Azores Archipelago, Portugal. It is located on the southern coast of Terceira Island and has this category by letter of D. João III of 21st August 1534. From the beginning, the importance of its port for the Atlantic navigation and as a scale of the designated India’s Career led chronicler Gaspar Frutuoso, by the end of the 16th century, to call it the ‘Western Ocean Sea Scale’. Alongside a significant role in the Atlantic History, the city also played an active part in the History of Portugal. On January 1st, 1980 it was shaken by a violent earthquake. In the process of reconstruction, the strict orthogonal layout of the streets was maintained, and the richness of its buildings was preserved. Recognizing the value of the architectural complex of this historic city center and its site as very relevant to the History of European empires, in 1984 UNESCO classified Angra do Heroísmo as a World Heritage City. Given this classification, it intended, with this work, to contribute to the knowledge of the city, not only for its historical-heritage significance, but also as a destination for Cultural Tourism, which is desirable to develop, in the Azores, as a complement of Nature Tourism.

scholarly journals VALUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HISTORICAL SPATIAL PLANNING STRUCTURE OF MURMANSK (1920s – THE END OF 1950s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
N. Igolkin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
City Center ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Phased Development ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The main stages of development of spatial planning structure of Murmansk in the 1920s–1950s are determined. Archival documents and the main historically developed urban planning situations, the logic of its historical development is revealed based on the analysis of the stages of development of the city. The features of the original relief and its influence on the formation of the spatial planning structure of the city are considered. The specificity of the structure of Prospect Lenina, the main planning axis of Murmansk, is characterized; its importance in the phased development of the spatial structure of the historic city center is noted. Valuable components of the structure are identified, namely, time-stable planning nodes, as well as architectural elements - dominants, accents, plastic details that form the silhouette and rhythm of the streets. The spatial and planning structures of Murmansk and Leningrad of 1930s –1950s are compared and similarities and differences are determined to identify the architectural and planning specifics of Murmansk. The author makes a suggestion for adjustment the protection zones of the historic city center. The article provides photo materials, archive photos, schemes of the phased development of the spatial planning structure and its valuable elements, as well as maps of cultural heritage sites with existing protection zones of the historical center of Murmansk and with suggestions for adjustment.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of downtown shopping centers in tourist-historical cities. The case of the world heritage cities in Spain = Diagnóstico de los centros comerciales abiertos en las ciudades históricas. El caso de las Ciudades Patrimonio de la humanidad en España

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alejandro Blanco Callejo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Business Improvement Districts ◽  
City Center ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Maturity Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities

The performing of a thorough diagnosis of the maturity degree in the development of Open Commercial Centers (OCC) in UNESCO’s World Heritage Cities in Spain allow us to present new proposals and potential lines of action with regard to energizing and optimizing them. Taking as its starting point this basic goal, this work proposes the application of a solid Evaluation Model that following an analytic logic is able to assess and analyze in depth the current situation of OCCs as well as to identify its most relevant strengths and weaknesses. The specific application of the model to UNESCO’s World Heritage cities has given the chance to present their particular features and peculiarities. From model’s application results it is possible to provide some sound recommendations with regard to improve the identified weaknesses as well as to define the basic lines of action of a Strategic Plan to Energize Commercial Activity at the City Center of Historic Cities improving their competitiveness and capacity to create economic value. This work highlights two of the most relevant problems of OCC: Funding Difficulties and Lack of representativeness. According to the results Business Improvements Districts (BID) might be an interesting public-private formula that will allow solving and speeding up OCC’s paces and internal dynamics providing a solid framework to bargain and execute private agents’ proposals.ResumenLa realización de un diagnóstico del grado de madurez en el desarrollo de los Centros Comerciales Abiertos (CCA) de las Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad permite plantear nuevas propuestas, así como potenciales líneas de acción para su optimización y dinamización. Con este objeto, el trabajo plantea el uso de un Modelo de Evaluación contrastado que, siguiendo una metodología razonada y lógica, permite la evaluación y el análisis en profundidad del estado actual del CCA e identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades. La aplicación concreta del modelo a los CCA de Ciudades Patrimonio ha permitido obtener sus rasgos más característicos, así como sus peculiaridades. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se proponen recomendaciones para mejorar los puntos débiles identificados y se definen las principales líneas estratégicas que se recomendarían incluir en un plan de dinamización del comercio en los cascos históricos, lo que aportaría mayor competitividad y capacidad de creación de valor a esta forma de organización comercial. El trabajo pone de manifiesto que los “Centro Comercial Abiertos” presentan dos problemas fundamentales: dificultades de financiación y falta de representatividad. En este sentido, se propone emplear el modelo de los Business Improvement Districts (BID) o Áreas para la Promoción de Iniciativa Empresarial (APIE) como una fórmula de carácter público-privada interesante que permitiría solventar y reforzar los CCA agilizando los ritmos y las dinámicas de funcionamiento de las agrupaciones de comerciantes, y creando un marco estable para negociar y ejecutar las propuestas de los actores privados.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF POST-WAR RESTORATION OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF ROSTOV-ON-DON

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
I. Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
City Center ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Post War ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The author considers the combination of tradition and innovation in the solutions of decoration of facades destroyed during the great Patriotic war, their relationship and influence on the formation of a new "identity" of the city. Pre-war and post-war photographs, as well as modern photographs and measurements of the architecture of the historic city center, are a useful tool for understanding the processes of formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of urban development. The study of archival materials allows to get an impression of the projected changes in the development of the main highways as part of the post-war restoration, their implementation and the impact that they had on the historical development of the city. The purpose of this work is to identify techniques for artistic and stylistic solutions of building facades in the framework of post-war reconstruction. As a result of changes in the stylistic design of the facades of buildings of the main highways of the city, the he development becomes more concise and calm forms, eliminating all elements that do not meet the requirements and attitude to pre-war styles. New elements are introduced that emphasize the ideology of power. During the restoration work, the differentiation between the main highways and secondary buildings is emphasized. It arose as a result of the investment of fixed assets (financial, human, material) in the reconstruction of the main highways.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENT OF HISTORICAL AREAS OF CITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERACTIVE RECREATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. V. HNILOSKURENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
City Center ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Problem statement. In the modern urban planning practice of development of historical cities the role and potential of the city center are still insufficiently defined, features of its preservation and possible development are not revealed. In Ukraine, there is still no clear definition of the concept of “city center”, which does not contribute to the sustainable urban and architectural development of historic cities. Today there are different interpretations of such an urban category as “city center”. According to the researcher M. Bevz, the “city center” provides a rare opportunity to trace the millennial evolution of the urban planning system, which is rare in Ukraine. Some researchers believe that the city center is an important communication hub and a special space in which various functions of urban life are introduced, in all its evolution, modification, meanings and perceptions (O. Rybchynsky “Formation and revitalization of historical cities of Ukraine”). The author of the study considers it most appropriate to consider the concept of “city center” as identical to the concept of “historical core of the city”. Characteristics of the concept of “historic area of the city” appeared only in 2000 in the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Cultural Heritage” as part of the settlement, which preserved cultural heritage sites and related planning and form of construction that originate from previous periods of development, typical of certain crops or periods of development. One of the most important methods of preserving and properly modernizing the environment of historical areas should be considered “revalorization”, which contributes to the cultural value of the historic city center. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of the historical area as a basis for the formation of interactive recreation. Results. Implementation of revalorization into the theory and practice of domestic reconstruction of the urban environment on the basis of comprehensive and deep theoretical research, as well as ideas for improving and arranging urban space with a focus on successful foreign solutions for using the cultural potential of the central areas of historical cities in the system of interactive recreation. The city should be considered as a multifunctional phenomenon in the diversity of manifestations due to its general cultural and historical significance. In this context, the historic city center is a concentration of interactive communication between residents. Interactive communication is primarily an exchange of ideas for improving the urban environment and enhancing information exchange between people. In such interaction of people and environment of special importance acquires the reflection of human emotional reaction to the made architectural and town-planning environment with its historically formed “human” scale and richness of forms that in turn is necessary protective reaction of the modern person to “standardization” of new city building. The creation of interactive recreation based on the cultural potential of the historic areas of the city allows to form in these areas full-fledged interactive recreational spaces in the combination of existing and new buildings. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Due to the active growth of requirements for the quality and comfort of the urban space of the historic core of the city, the practical significance of the study is to study the historically formed substance of the city, its authenticity; preservation, revival and development of the historical image of the city center on the principles of revalorization. Today there is a need to find and develop methods of activating the environment, one of which is the creation of interactive recreation, which will help to adapt the city-forming and functional significance of their historic areas to new needs.

Variation in the Nature of the Activities, Interactions, and Behavior Patterns of Visitors of Public Spaces in the City of Amman: The New Abdali and Al-Balad Districts as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ghodieh ◽  
Durgham A. Shtaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Old City ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The City

Public spaces differ from city to another, and in the city itself, in terms of nature, designs, as well as behavior patterns and social integration of visitors. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the activities, interactions, and behavior patterns in both the New Abdali and Al-Balad districts (the old city center or downtown). To collect data, a field study was conducted on a sample of visitors of these public spaces with the aim of identifying the visitors’ behavior patterns in their leisure time, types of their activities, their favorite public spaces, the purpose of their visits, and the extent of their social interaction. The study showed that there were diverse activities in the public spaces in the study area. However, the occurrence of these activities varied depending on the visitors’ economic and social characteristics and place of residence. Besides, these public spaces were dissimilar in terms of availability of amenities and services, social communication, and gender interaction. The study showed that there was a form of social segregation, which means that the New Abdali visitors’ characteristics and behavior patterns were totally different from those of the old city center with little or no interaction between both groups.

scholarly journals Dispersion of CO Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in a Real Urban Canyon in the City Center of Valencia (Spain)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Alejandro Marulanda Tobón ◽  
Ignacio José Moncho-Esteve ◽  
Jordi Martínez-Corral ◽  
Guillermo Palau-Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
City Center ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
The City

One of the main environmental problems we are currently facing is air pollution. Air quality models calculate how much pollution is emitted and dispersed into the atmosphere. This research presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic model using a real urban geometry for the analysis of CO contamination with a three-dimensional model. This method includes a procedure of calculating emissions using different types of vehicles. CO Measurements are obtained from a Wireless Sensor Network to validate the models. The present study analyzes six representative real cases of different traffic situations and climatic conditions plus 3 hypothetical cases in a hotspot area in the city center of Valencia. The results show what influences pollution levels the most is the wind direction, which influences the generation of velocity patterns. In the validation cases, the real wind direction is used and a slight change produces great differences in both velocities and CO concentration. In the hypothetical cases, parallel and perpendicular winds are defined to observe the differences when this ideal situation is applied. In conclusion, the mixing and transport of air pollutants are closely related to the structures of velocity and turbulence that occur in the air, which depends strongly on the wind direction.

scholarly journals Kolozsvár történelmi belvárosának társadalmi fenntarthatósága

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
József Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The author examines the social sustainability of Kolozsvár's historic city center, pointing out the historic, social, geographic, economic and politic features that shape the current characteristics and potentials of the city. He concludes that in Kolozsvár, just like in any other city of Romania, social sustainability constitutes a problematic issue for urban planning, urban policy, and the privatization of estates and services in the context of politic and economic transition

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