scholarly journals Contraceptive and Abortion-Related Practices Among Females of Lower Income Group in District Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Naheed Humayun Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Poor Access

Introduction: Reproductive age females in Pakistan are still having poor access to adequate contraceptive information and difficulty in decision making, resulting in abortions many times. Aims & Objectives: To identify contraceptive and abortion-related practice among married reproductive age females of lower income group in District Lahore. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in 30 union councils (UCs) of District Lahore, Pakistan in 2011-2016. Material & Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 210 married females of reproductive age in 30 UCs of District Lahore. 30 UCs were randomly selected out of 150 followed by random selection of one village/ward which was considered as a cluster and 7 females were recruited through convenience sampling in each cluster. Data was collected on contraceptive use, preferences, decision making and abortion-related practice and their associations with socio-demographics of these females. Results: The survey was carried out among 210 females with mean age 29 ± 5.28. 97.6% were Muslims, 23.3% were illiterate and 96.2% were housewives. Per capita per month income was ? PKR 3000 in 99 % of the respondents. 20% females used contraception. 39% women were delivered by untrained birth attendants, 95.7% females breast fed and amongst them only 15.7% fed for two years. 33(15.7%) of respondents had 48 abortions and amongst them 27% got it done by a Dai while female neighbors did it in 4.2% cases so a total of 31.2 % abortions were conducted at home. Place of abortion and delivery was decided by husbands in 87.4% respondents. Lower age and age at marriage were found to be associated with higher contraceptive use and abortions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Contraceptive use is very low and abortion-related practices are poor. Respondent’s age and age at marriage are the determinants showing significant association with contraceptive use and abortion.

scholarly journals Financial Resources and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Laura Samuel ◽  
Laken Roberts ◽  
Danielle Boyce ◽  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Sarah LaFave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging

Abstract Lower income and financial strain (i.e. difficulty making ends meet) are associated with worse aging biomarkers, but evidence among nationally representative samples is limited. This cross-sectional study tested whether income to poverty ratio (analyzed separately for those &lt;500% vs. ≥500% poverty threshold) and financial strain are associated with biomarkers of aging among NHATS participants aged ≥65 years (n=4,648), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, BMI, and diabetes diagnosis for hemoglobin A1c. Sampling weights were applied. Among those with incomes &lt;500% poverty, higher income was associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (b= -0.0196, p=0.007), CMV (b= -0.0689, p&lt;0.001) and CRP (b= -0.0428, p=0.012). Among those with incomes ≥500%, higher income was associated with lower IL-6 (b= -0.0001, p=0.023) and lower CMV (b= -0.0001, p&lt;0.001). Financial strain was not associated with biomarkers. Income is more strongly associated with biomarkers among the lower income group, calling for special attention to this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of husband–wife communication regarding family planning among the couple of reproductive age group in the field practice area of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
M. Ramsagar Reddy ◽  
B. V. Rammana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Individual Decisions

Background: Fertility decisions occur within specific social contexts and social norms therefore restrict individual decisions on fertility and behaviors related to family planning such as spacing and limiting of births and using contraception which reflects the importance of effect of inter-spousal communication on the contraceptive method choice and future intention of method use. Hence the objective of present study is to evaluate the husband wife communication and contraceptive use, method choice and timing of initiation of discussion among couples in study area.Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013 - January 2014 among couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, questions related to awareness, sources and decision making towards family planning was administered to 406 couples of study area.Results: It has been observed that regarding decision making, about 39.4% of the men had taken a decision on the use of contraceptive methods, and only 21.7% wives had autonomy of using contraception of their choice. Around 67.5% of the men had discussion with their wives about the family planning and more than half (57%) of the time the discussion was initiated by men.Conclusions: Husband was the decision maker in nearly half of the couples and family planning was discussed among majority of respondents. Family planning education should be encouraged through effective IEC programs and strategies for promoting husband wife communication should be considered inorder to increase family planning adoption.

scholarly journals Trends of Using Contraceptive Methods among Married Females of Reproductive Age Group in Village Mangokivirkan, District Gujranwala, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Saadia Shahzad ◽  
Anjum Maqsood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Use of contraceptives in developing countries is very low, particularly in Pakistan it is 34%. Objective: To study trends of contraceptive use among married females of reproductive age group in a rural area ofPakistan and to identify possible risk factors influencing the use of contraceptives among the sample population. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 213 married females of reproductive age wereincluded in the study and multistage cluster sampling technique was applied. Study variables included sociodemographic variables along with knowledge and practice of respondents regarding the use of contraceptives. Datacollection instrument was a self-developed questionnaire and data was collected from 220 females. Results: Mean age was 29.6±6.19 and only 38% were using contraceptive method and 62% were not using anycontraceptive method. Among the respondents 40% were counseled for Family Planning (FP) by some source.Highly significant association was found between contraceptive use and duration of marriage, decision making,family type, desired number of children, counseling for FP, in favor of FP, and number of children alive. Probableinfluencing predictors were found to be decision making of females, type of family, desired number of children,counseling for FP, and in favor of FP. Conclusion: FP counseling needs to be enhanced on war footing at all levels with due cooperation of communityparticipation.

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Practices And Its Economic And Social Impact: A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Swarup Kumar Bisoi ◽  
Mamata Devi Mohanty ◽  
Dillip Kumar Dash ◽  
Satabdi Giri
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Family

Introduction: According to NHFS-4 data, around 38% of under-five Indian children are malnourished and stunted. In addition to poor socio-economic status, faulty complementary feeding practice is a major contributor to this. The objective of this study is to know the prevailing complementary feeding practices in our area, the most common food type preferred for introduction during initiation of complementary feeds, knowledge of the mother and their family members regarding complementary feeding, the factors influencing in decision making  and its financial  burden on the family.  Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in a private Medical College in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. 256 mothers of infants between six months to two years attending Paediatric OPD from December 2018 to June 2019 were selected by random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Out of the total 256 subjects interviewed, 134 (76.13%) out of 176 families belonging to lower income group preferred commercially available processed food over home food as the initial weaning food as compared to 32 (40%) out of 80 of the high income group preferring the same. The lower income group spent 22.3% of the total family income on commercial preparations to feed their infants in the age group six to 12 months. Whereas high income group families spend an average of 14.3% of family income on baby food products in the same age group. Despite being in regular contact with the local physician, in 85% of the total visits to the doctor, the opportunity wasn’t utilised to counsel the family member about complementary  feeding practices. Conclusions: Commercial preparations are the primary preferred weaning food. The dietary diversity of complementary food is very poor, thus affecting growth and development. The false perception that commercial preparations are critical to child growth and development is overburdening the family finances.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Psychotropic Drug Utilization at a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Omma Hafsa Any ◽  
Feroza Parveen ◽  
Rezina Sultana ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinant

Background: Mental illness is the most neglected disease in Bangladesh with a large number of people suffering from different types of mental illness.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out socioeconomic determinant of psychotropic drug in tertiary level hospital.Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from the period of July 2009 to June 2010. All the patients attended at psychiatry outpatient department were included as study population. The collected data include socio-demographic details by depth interview; Informed consent was obtained verbally from the patient or legal guardian. The psychiatry out-patient departments are selected because both rural and urban population of different classes and different socio-economic status daily come to these out-patient departments for their treatment purposes. They predominantly represent poor rural and urban population.Result: A total 300 patients were included in this study. Out of 300 patients158 patient (52.66%) were female, most of the patients were age group 18-27 years, 108(36%) patient were house wife. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder are most common complaint among the patient attending the psychiatry OPD, 293(97.67%) patient came from rural areas, 175(58.33%) patient were married. Most of the patients are illiterate. It was observed that less educated, illiterate, housewife, unemployed and lower income group of patients generally attend psychiatry out-patient department.Conclusion: In conclusion less educated, illiterate, house wife, unemployed and lower income group of patients generally attend psychiatry out-patient department.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):10-13

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Uprety ◽  
I S Poudel ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
M Poudel ◽  
S Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods. 

scholarly journals Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman ◽  
Sazia Huq ◽  
Sardar Mahmud Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This descriptive type of cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptive was more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reason for the non use was intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 14-18

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