scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Psychotropic Drug Utilization at a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Omma Hafsa Any ◽  
Feroza Parveen ◽  
Rezina Sultana ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinant

Background: Mental illness is the most neglected disease in Bangladesh with a large number of people suffering from different types of mental illness.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out socioeconomic determinant of psychotropic drug in tertiary level hospital.Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from the period of July 2009 to June 2010. All the patients attended at psychiatry outpatient department were included as study population. The collected data include socio-demographic details by depth interview; Informed consent was obtained verbally from the patient or legal guardian. The psychiatry out-patient departments are selected because both rural and urban population of different classes and different socio-economic status daily come to these out-patient departments for their treatment purposes. They predominantly represent poor rural and urban population.Result: A total 300 patients were included in this study. Out of 300 patients158 patient (52.66%) were female, most of the patients were age group 18-27 years, 108(36%) patient were house wife. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder are most common complaint among the patient attending the psychiatry OPD, 293(97.67%) patient came from rural areas, 175(58.33%) patient were married. Most of the patients are illiterate. It was observed that less educated, illiterate, housewife, unemployed and lower income group of patients generally attend psychiatry out-patient department.Conclusion: In conclusion less educated, illiterate, house wife, unemployed and lower income group of patients generally attend psychiatry out-patient department.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):10-13

scholarly journals Financial Resources and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Laura Samuel ◽  
Laken Roberts ◽  
Danielle Boyce ◽  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Sarah LaFave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging

Abstract Lower income and financial strain (i.e. difficulty making ends meet) are associated with worse aging biomarkers, but evidence among nationally representative samples is limited. This cross-sectional study tested whether income to poverty ratio (analyzed separately for those <500% vs. ≥500% poverty threshold) and financial strain are associated with biomarkers of aging among NHATS participants aged ≥65 years (n=4,648), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, BMI, and diabetes diagnosis for hemoglobin A1c. Sampling weights were applied. Among those with incomes <500% poverty, higher income was associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (b= -0.0196, p=0.007), CMV (b= -0.0689, p<0.001) and CRP (b= -0.0428, p=0.012). Among those with incomes ≥500%, higher income was associated with lower IL-6 (b= -0.0001, p=0.023) and lower CMV (b= -0.0001, p<0.001). Financial strain was not associated with biomarkers. Income is more strongly associated with biomarkers among the lower income group, calling for special attention to this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE (RHD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Ahsan Beg Beg ◽  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Touseef Asma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Objectives: To investigate the role of socio-economic factors for Acute RheumaticFever (ARF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) in Pakistan. Methodology: Study Design:Descriptive cross-sectional. Setting: OPD of Pediatric Cardiology Department, CPE Institute ofCardiology, Multan. Period: July 2014 to December 2014. Convenience Sampling was done.Sample size of 130 cases with ages between 5 to 12 years were selected for the study. Results:Overcrowding was noticed in 61% and 85% in urban and rural areas, respectively. In rural areas,most parents were illiterate; similar status was seen in urban areas (64.4%; 67.1% respectively).60% and 55 % patients have habit of hand washing in rural and urban patients respectively.Toilet facility is available to 60% and 55.6% in rural and urban patients respectively. Economicstatus of the family is even worse. Average income per family was only Rs.3800 per month.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and acute rheumaticfever (ARF) in Pakistan. Overcrowding, poor hygienic conditions, low socio-economic status,illiteracy are major risk factors for ARF and RHD in Pakistan. In order to address this alarmingsituation, platforms like Pakistan Pediatric Cardiac Society and Pakistan Pediatric Associationneed to be mobilized.

scholarly journals Determinants of child malnutrition in rural and urban Ecuadorian highlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2122-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Ortiz ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Sylviana Wijaya ◽  
Silvana Donoso ◽  
Lieven Huybregts
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Bmi

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and compare the sociodemographic determinants of stunting, wasting and overweight among infants of urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNabon (rural) and Cuenca (urban) cantons, Azuay Province, Ecuador.SubjectsA total of 703 children aged 0–24 months and their caregivers (227 rural and 476 urban) recruited during the period from June to September 2008.ResultsStunting prevalence was significantly higher in the rural area (37·4 %v. 17·7 %;P< 0·001) while wasting (7·1 %) and overweight (17·1 %) prevalence were more similar between areas. Determinants of stunting for the pooled sample were male gender (OR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·92;P= 0·02), preterm delivery (OR = 1·65; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·38;P= 0·008), child's age (OR = 1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·07;P= 0·011), maternal education (OR = 0·95; 95 % CI 0·92, 0·99;P= 0·025) and facility-based delivery (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·74;P< 0·001). The latter was also a determinant of overweight (OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·62;P< 0·001). Rural determinants of stunting were maternal height (OR = 0·004; 95 % CI 0·00004, 0·39;P= 0·018), diarrhoea prevalence (OR = 2·18; 95 % CI 1·13, 4·21;P= 0·02), socio-economic status (OR = 0·79; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·98;P= 0·030) and child's age (OR = 1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·11;P= 0·005). Urban determinants were: maternal BMI for stunting (OR = 0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·99;P= 0·027), cough prevalence (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·96;P= 0·036) and facility-based delivery (OR = 0·25; 95 % CI 0·09, 0·73;P= 0·011) for overweight, and hygiene for wasting (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·89;P= 0·013).ConclusionsInfant malnutrition was associated with different sociodemographic determinants between urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands, a finding which contributes to prioritize the determinants to be assessed in nutritional interventions.

scholarly journals Contraceptive and Abortion-Related Practices Among Females of Lower Income Group in District Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Naheed Humayun Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Poor Access

Introduction: Reproductive age females in Pakistan are still having poor access to adequate contraceptive information and difficulty in decision making, resulting in abortions many times. Aims & Objectives: To identify contraceptive and abortion-related practice among married reproductive age females of lower income group in District Lahore. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in 30 union councils (UCs) of District Lahore, Pakistan in 2011-2016. Material & Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 210 married females of reproductive age in 30 UCs of District Lahore. 30 UCs were randomly selected out of 150 followed by random selection of one village/ward which was considered as a cluster and 7 females were recruited through convenience sampling in each cluster. Data was collected on contraceptive use, preferences, decision making and abortion-related practice and their associations with socio-demographics of these females. Results: The survey was carried out among 210 females with mean age 29 ± 5.28. 97.6% were Muslims, 23.3% were illiterate and 96.2% were housewives. Per capita per month income was ? PKR 3000 in 99 % of the respondents. 20% females used contraception. 39% women were delivered by untrained birth attendants, 95.7% females breast fed and amongst them only 15.7% fed for two years. 33(15.7%) of respondents had 48 abortions and amongst them 27% got it done by a Dai while female neighbors did it in 4.2% cases so a total of 31.2 % abortions were conducted at home. Place of abortion and delivery was decided by husbands in 87.4% respondents. Lower age and age at marriage were found to be associated with higher contraceptive use and abortions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Contraceptive use is very low and abortion-related practices are poor. Respondent’s age and age at marriage are the determinants showing significant association with contraceptive use and abortion.

scholarly journals Preference for male child among married adults in rural and urban field practice areas of Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Y. Vishnu Vardhan ◽  
D. Srinivas Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Reduction of national fertility levels was directly proportional to the preference of male child in many families in India. We conducted this study on 214 married adults, in both sexes to find out whether this strong preference still exists in this decade or not, and if it does what could be the reasons.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study done by face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire containing both qualitative and quantitative variables, among 214 married adults.Results: Upon analysing the results, we identified that higher son preference (61.23%) is seen in many rural families, and is strongly associated with low socio-economic status, literacy rate and caste. The reasons by which these families prefer male child were also broadly categorized and identified. Economic utility (78%) and old age security (61%) was found to be the major reasons most families has quoted in preferring a son.Conclusions: By improving the literacy rate and job opportunities in the community, fertility rate can be reduced, especially in rural areas where the other options are limited.

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Practices And Its Economic And Social Impact: A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Swarup Kumar Bisoi ◽  
Mamata Devi Mohanty ◽  
Dillip Kumar Dash ◽  
Satabdi Giri
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Family

Introduction: According to NHFS-4 data, around 38% of under-five Indian children are malnourished and stunted. In addition to poor socio-economic status, faulty complementary feeding practice is a major contributor to this. The objective of this study is to know the prevailing complementary feeding practices in our area, the most common food type preferred for introduction during initiation of complementary feeds, knowledge of the mother and their family members regarding complementary feeding, the factors influencing in decision making  and its financial  burden on the family.  Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in a private Medical College in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. 256 mothers of infants between six months to two years attending Paediatric OPD from December 2018 to June 2019 were selected by random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Out of the total 256 subjects interviewed, 134 (76.13%) out of 176 families belonging to lower income group preferred commercially available processed food over home food as the initial weaning food as compared to 32 (40%) out of 80 of the high income group preferring the same. The lower income group spent 22.3% of the total family income on commercial preparations to feed their infants in the age group six to 12 months. Whereas high income group families spend an average of 14.3% of family income on baby food products in the same age group. Despite being in regular contact with the local physician, in 85% of the total visits to the doctor, the opportunity wasn’t utilised to counsel the family member about complementary  feeding practices. Conclusions: Commercial preparations are the primary preferred weaning food. The dietary diversity of complementary food is very poor, thus affecting growth and development. The false perception that commercial preparations are critical to child growth and development is overburdening the family finances.

scholarly journals Discriminating Bangladeshi Adults by Level of Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
KC Bhuyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure ◽  
Sedentary Activities

The objective of the present work was to discriminate Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above according to their blood pressure level and to identify some factors responsible for discrimination. Accordingly, the analysis was done utilizing the data collected from 960 adults of both urban and rural areas. The respondents were investigated by some doctors and nurses from and nearby their working places. During investigation, the blood pressure (mmHg) of the respondents were recorded. It was observed that 45.4% adults had optimal blood pressure. The percentages of normal, high normal and hypertensive adults were 39.5, 9.4 and 5.7, respectively. High normal and hypertension was more likely among urban, non-Muslim, female, single, aged, illiterate, physically inactive, involved in sedentary activities, obese subjects. Adults of lower income group of families and higher expenditure group of families were also more exposed to the problem of higher blood pressure. The problem was more likely in smokers, restaurant and can food consumers. Age, utilization of time, and accustomed with can food were the most responsible factors in discriminating the adults of different groups. The other responsible variables were gender variation, level of education and body mass index (BMI).

scholarly journals Longitudinal study assessing the joint effects of socio-economic status and birth risks on adult emotional and nervous conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S40) ◽  
pp. s78-s83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela P. Fan ◽  
William W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPrevious investigations into the impact of birth complications and social environment have generally followed their subjects only at young ages.AimsTo assess the long-range impact of socio-economic status (SES) and birth risks on the development of emotional and nervous conditions through adulthood.MethodThe Johns Hopkins Pathways Study interviewed 1824 subjects born between 1960 and 1965. The median household income of the children at age 7–8 years was used to divide the cohort into high and low income categories. Differences in lifetime prevalence of emotional and nervous conditions through adulthood between the two income groups were identified.ResultsChildren in the lower income group were 1.86 times more likely to report an emotional or nervous condition in adult life. Boys in the lower income group at age 7–8 years were 3.2 times more likely to do so. The risks of difficult birth for adult mental disturbance were accentuated in the low-income group.ConclusionsChildren who experience birth complications are at increased risk of developing adult mental disturbances; this increase is mitigated by higher SES.

Zip Code-Related Income Disparities in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110234
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Z. Qwaider ◽  
Naomi M. Sell ◽  
Chloe Boudreau ◽  
Caitlin E. Stafford ◽  
Rocco Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zip Code

Introduction Screening and early detection reduce morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer. Our aim is to study the effect of income disparities on the clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer in Massachusetts. Methods Patients were extracted from a database containing all surgically treated colorectal cancers between 2004 and 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Massachusetts. We split patients into 2 groups: “above-median income” and “below-median income” according to the median income of Massachusetts ($74,167). Results The analysis included 817 patients. The above-median income group consisted of 528 patients (65%) and the below-median income group consisted of 289 patients (35%). The mean age of presentation was 64 ± 15 years for the above-median income group and 67 ± 15 years for the below-median income group ( P = .04). Patients with below-median income were screened less often ( P < .001) and presented more frequently with metastatic disease ( P = .02). Patients with above-median income survived an estimated 15 months longer than those with below-median income ( P < .001). The survival distribution was statistically significantly different between the groups for stage III disease ( P = .004), but not stages I, II, or IV ( P = 1, 1, and .2, respectively). For stage III disease, a lower proportion of below-median income patients received chemotherapy (61% vs. 79%, P = .002) and a higher proportion underwent nonelective surgery (5% vs. 2%, P = .007). Conclusions In Massachusetts, patients with colorectal cancer residing in lower income areas are screened less, received adjuvant chemotherapy less, and have worse outcomes, especially when analyzing those who present with stage III disease.

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

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