scholarly journals Morphofuctional State of Thymus Gland among Children of Early Age with Thymomegalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusanov Erkin Uktamovich ◽  
Korzhavov Sherali Oblakulovich ◽  
Ochilov Sardor Abduganievich ◽  
Umarova Mulkizhahon Sadullaevna ◽  
Berkinov Abbos Akramzhonovich
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
The Absolute

The morphometric characteristics in children of early age with thymomegalia were studied. In this case was found the increase of the area of lobule of thymus due to the predominance of the cerebral cortex and a significant increase in the ratio of thymocytes / epithelial reticular cells because of the increase of the absolute number of thymocytes. The differences in area and diameter of the Hassall’s corpuscles in the two compared groups were not revealed, however, was found a slight tendency to the decrease of these indicators in case of hyperplasia of thymus gland. These changes indicate the Morphofunctional inferiority of the thymus among children of early age with thymomegalia.

The Issue of Sustainability in Third World Food Production (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 511-534
Author(s):  
Winfried Von Urff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Third World ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
World Food ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

In spite of the fact that food production in developing countries doubled over the last 25 years undernutrition is still widely spread. At the beginning of the eighties, according to FAO, 335 to 494 million people in developing countries suffered from serious undernutrition the difference being due to different concepts to determine undernutrition on which scientist were unable to find a consensus.) Unfortunately there is no recent comprehensive analysis of the food situation comparable to those of previous World Food Surveys but it can be taken for sure that the absolute number of undernourished has increased. According to unofficial FAO sources a figure of 870 million was estimated for 1990 (22 percent of the total population in developing countries) using the same concept that led to the figure of 494 million in 1979-81 (23 percent of the total population in developing countries) which means that most probably the number of undernourished increased at a rate slightly less than population growth.

scholarly journals AB0588 INFECTION AGGRAVATED DECREASE OF THE LEVEL OF TH17 AND TREG CELLS AND LOW-DOSE IL-2 REBALANCED TH17/TREG IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1591.3-1591
Author(s):  
Y. Liang ◽  
H. Y. Wen ◽  
Y. Duan ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Z. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Organ Infection

Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are featured by a series of clinical presentation such as proximal muscle weakness, increased serum levels of creatine kinase and other muscle enzymes and involvement of other organs and systems[1, 2], which results in high morbidity and early mortality[3]. We have known the changes of the level of Th17 and Treg cells in IIM in previous studies[4-6]. However, whether infection affects lymphocyte subsets or not and whether the effect of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be influenced by the use of immunosuppressants or not are still unclear.Objectives:The study aimed to explore the changes of lymphocyte subsets in patients of IIM with or without important organ infection, and the restoration of Th17/Treg after receiving low-dose IL-2.Methods:A total of 118 IIM patients were enrolled and classified into infection group and non-infection group based on the important organ infection. Of them, 48 cases were treated with low dose IL-2 (5.0*105IU for 5 days). The absolute number of peripheral total T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry combined with absolute counting beads. Clinical data, laboratory examinations and the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In these patients, especially in the infection group, the absolute number of T, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were significantly decreased as compared with that in the healthy controls, which were significantly increased by low dose IL-2 (especially Treg cells) treatment. The levels of ESR, LDH and HBDH and the ratio of Th17/Treg were significantly lower than those before IL-2 treatment (Z=-2.237, -2.083, -2.140, -3.663,P=0.025, 0.037, 0.032, 0.000). The 48 cases who received IL-2 treatment were divided into 2 groups according to whether they used immunosuppressants. There was no significant difference in the absolute number of T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg between the 2 groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Global decrease in lymphocyte subsets was found in IIM patients, especially those who had important organ infection. A significant re-balance of Th17/Treg was observed after receiving treatment with low-dose IL-2. Furthermore, the restoration of lymphocyte subsets showed similar degree after treatment with or without immunosuppressants. Low-dose IL-2 may become a potential therapy for IIM patients. The mechanism of lymphocyte decrease in IIM is required further to study.References:[1]Clark K E N, Isenberg D A. A review of inflammatory idiopathic myopathy focusing on polymyositis[J]. European Journal of Neurology, 2017.[2]Tieu J, Lundberg IE, Limaye V. Idiopathic inflammatory myositis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2016. 30(1): 149-68.[3]Mandel DE, Malemud CJ, Askari AD. Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Review of the Classification and Impact of Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017. 18(5).[4]Zhang SX, Wang J, Sun HH, et al. Circulating regulatory T cells were absolutely decreased in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients and restored by low-dose IL-2. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 .[5]Espinosa-Ortega F, Gómez-Martin D, Santana-De Anda K, Romo-Tena J, Villaseñor-Ovies P, Alcocer-Varela J. Quantitative T cell subsets profile in peripheral blood from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: tilting the balance towards proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic subsets. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015. 179(3): 520-8.[6]Feng M, Guo H, Zhang C, et al. Absolute reduction of regulatory T cells and regulatory effect of short-term and low-dose IL-2 in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019. 77: 105912.Acknowledgments:Thanks for the support of my teachers, classmates and my family.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The Impact of Age and Gender on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Contexture of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rebar N. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells that reside mainly in the bone marrow and are capable of generating and fulfilling the entire hematopoietic system upon differentiation. Thirty-six healthy donors, attending the HSCT center to donate their bone marrow, were categorized according to their age into child (0–12 years), adolescence (13–18 years), and adult (19–59 years) groups, and gender into male and female groups. Then, the absolute number of HSCs and mature immune cells in their harvested bone marrow was investigated. Here, we report that the absolute cell number can vary considerably based on the age of the healthy donor, and the number of both HSCs and immune cells declines with advancing age. The gender of the donor (male or female) did not have any impact on the number of the HSCs and immune cells in the bone marrow. In conclusion, since the number of HSCs plays a pivotal role in the clinical outcome of allogeneic HSC transplantations, identifying a younger donor regardless the gender is critical.

scholarly journals Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lipiński ◽  
Joanna Zeyland ◽  
Andrzej Pławski ◽  
Ryszard Słomski
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Cmv Promoter ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
The Absolute

Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic PigsThe aim of this research was to determine the number of transgene copies in the DNA of transgenic pigs. The copy number of the transgene was analysed in the transgenic animals with introduced pCMVFUT genetic construct containing a coding sequence of human H transferase under a control of CMV promoter. The copy number of the transgene that had integrated with the genome of the transgenic animals was analysed by qPCR with SYBR Green dye, which enabled nonspecific double-stranded DNA detection. CMVFT-2F and CMVFT-2R primers were used to amplify a 149 bp fragment of DNA. Forward primer had a sequence complementary to a promoter sequence and reverse primer to a coding sequence of H transferase. The copy number of the transgene in the examined samples was established by plotting the CT values obtained on a standard curve, which had been set by the usage of the CT values for the successive standard dilutions with known copy number (1.438-1.431 copies). As a standard we used pCMVFut genetic construct hydrolyzed with Not I restriction enzyme to a linear form. The real-time PCR results helped to establish the range of 3 - 4 as the number of the transgene copies that had integrated to the swine genome.

scholarly journals Estimating the number of undetected COVID-19 cases among travellers from mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Bhatia ◽  
Natsuko Imai ◽  
Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg ◽  
Marc Baguelin ◽  
Adhiratha Boonyasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Country Specific

Background: As of August 2021, every region of the world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 196,000,000 cases worldwide. Methods: We analysed COVID-19 cases among travellers from mainland China to different regions and countries, comparing the region- and country-specific rates of detected and confirmed cases per flight volume to estimate the relative sensitivity of surveillance in different regions and countries. Results: Although travel restrictions from Wuhan City and other cities across China may have reduced the absolute number of travellers to and from China, we estimated that up to 70% (95% CI: 54% - 80%) of imported cases could remain undetected relative to the sensitivity of surveillance in Singapore. The percentage of undetected imported cases rises to 75% (95% CI 66% - 82%) when comparing to the surveillance sensitivity in multiple countries. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that a large number of COVID-19 cases remain undetected across the world. These undetected cases potentially resulted in multiple chains of human-to-human transmission outside mainland China.

Automatic Voter Recommendation Method for Closing Questions in Stack Overflow

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1733
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Xinjun Mao ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Jinyu Lu ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Stack Overflow ◽  
Volunteer Participation ◽  
User Activity ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Top 40 ◽  
Novel Model

Stack Overflow is the most popular programming question and answer community that continuously receives a large number of questions every day. To ensure the quality of questions, the community grants privileges for the moderators and a group of experienced users to review the quality of questions and close the low-quality ones (e.g. duplicate or irrelevant questions). The review process is a typical crowdsourcing job that relies on users’ volunteer participation, and the current practices of closing questions in Stack Overflow face two aspects of challenges: (1) an obvious increase in both the absolute number and the percentage of “closed” questions; (2) a considerable decrease in participation willingness of experienced users to close questions. In order to solve the problem, we present a novel model of user willingness for reviewing and voting questions by incorporating four types of user activity history, including questions, answers, comments and votes of closing questions. Then we propose an automatic recommendation method based on the model to assign experienced users proper questions, to utilize the forces of them to close questions. The evaluation shows that the successful recommendation probability in the top 5, top 10, top 20, top 30, top 40, top 50 users are 48.23%, 58.93%, 68.83%, 74.27%, 78.13% and 81%, respectively.

scholarly journals Recombinant alpha 2-interferon in the treatment of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia in early stages

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rozman ◽  
E Montserrat ◽  
N Vinolas ◽  
A Urbano-Ispizua ◽  
JM Ribera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract Ten previously untreated patients with early B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (seven in Rai's stage 0, three in stage I) were given recombinant alpha 2-interferon (alpha 2IF) (2 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly three times a week for a minimum of 14 weeks) to assess its effectiveness. All patients were evaluable for response to therapy and toxicity. No complete response was achieved. In all cases a definite, although transient reduction in the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed. In eight patients an increase in the absolute number of granulocytes was detected. None of the patients experienced severe hematologic toxicity. Fatigue, malaise, and fever were the more common side effects, but all patients were able to finish their treatment as planned. The results of this pilot study suggest that low doses of recombinant alpha 2-IF have some activity in early and previously untreated B-CLL and that further studies of IF effectiveness in B-CLL seem warranted.

Temporal trend and regional disparity in osteoarthritis hospitalisations in Sweden 1998–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar A Kiadaliri ◽  
Giulia Rinaldi ◽  
L Stefan Lohmander ◽  
Ingemar F Petersson ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
The Absolute

Aim: This study investigated time trend and regional disparities in hospitalisations due to osteoarthritis (OA) among people aged ≥20 years in Sweden from 1998 through 2015. Methods: National and regional data on hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of OA were collected from the National Patient Register. The absolute and relative regional disparities were assessed using the absolute weighted mean difference from overall mean and the index of disparity. We applied joinpoint regression for temporal trend analysis of hospitalisations and the Mann–Kendall trend test for disparity measures. Changes in number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015 were analysed using two counterfactual scenarios. Results: During 1998–2015, OA hospitalisations constituted 2.0% of all hospitalisations, with higher proportions among women (58.7%) and those aged 70–74 years (18.0%). The age-standardised rate of OA hospitalisation and its proportions from all and musculoskeletal disorders hospitalisations rose, on average, by >2.0% per year during the study period. OA hospitalisation rates rose statistically significantly in all age groups except for the youngest and oldest age groups. The proportion of hip OA from all OA hospitalisations declined, while the opposite was observed for knee OA. The relative regional disparities declined in men, and the absolute regional disparities rose among women over time. The population growth and ageing could explain only about one third of the observed increases in the absolute number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015. Conclusions: OA hospitalisations have increased substantially, suggesting the need to improve OA prevention and primary-care management in Sweden.

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