Automatic Voter Recommendation Method for Closing Questions in Stack Overflow

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1733
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Xinjun Mao ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Jinyu Lu ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Stack Overflow ◽  
Volunteer Participation ◽  
User Activity ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Top 40 ◽  
Novel Model

Stack Overflow is the most popular programming question and answer community that continuously receives a large number of questions every day. To ensure the quality of questions, the community grants privileges for the moderators and a group of experienced users to review the quality of questions and close the low-quality ones (e.g. duplicate or irrelevant questions). The review process is a typical crowdsourcing job that relies on users’ volunteer participation, and the current practices of closing questions in Stack Overflow face two aspects of challenges: (1) an obvious increase in both the absolute number and the percentage of “closed” questions; (2) a considerable decrease in participation willingness of experienced users to close questions. In order to solve the problem, we present a novel model of user willingness for reviewing and voting questions by incorporating four types of user activity history, including questions, answers, comments and votes of closing questions. Then we propose an automatic recommendation method based on the model to assign experienced users proper questions, to utilize the forces of them to close questions. The evaluation shows that the successful recommendation probability in the top 5, top 10, top 20, top 30, top 40, top 50 users are 48.23%, 58.93%, 68.83%, 74.27%, 78.13% and 81%, respectively.

The Issue of Sustainability in Third World Food Production (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 511-534
Author(s):  
Winfried Von Urff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Third World ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
World Food ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

In spite of the fact that food production in developing countries doubled over the last 25 years undernutrition is still widely spread. At the beginning of the eighties, according to FAO, 335 to 494 million people in developing countries suffered from serious undernutrition the difference being due to different concepts to determine undernutrition on which scientist were unable to find a consensus.) Unfortunately there is no recent comprehensive analysis of the food situation comparable to those of previous World Food Surveys but it can be taken for sure that the absolute number of undernourished has increased. According to unofficial FAO sources a figure of 870 million was estimated for 1990 (22 percent of the total population in developing countries) using the same concept that led to the figure of 494 million in 1979-81 (23 percent of the total population in developing countries) which means that most probably the number of undernourished increased at a rate slightly less than population growth.

ACADEMY Journal 7(9), 2018

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Vyacheslavovna Fomina ◽  
Саидова Феруза Бахтияровна
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Open File ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Blind Review

"Journal of the Academy" isan international,peerreviewedmonthly journal. It is dedicated tothe publication of original scientific articles invarious academic disciplines.Articles that may be of interest to a wide rangeof researchers, welcome, and are not limited tothose who work on specific research subjects."Journal of the Academy" has an open file,according to which the published articles areavailable immediately after its publication, withthe exception of the embargo.ExpertiseThe magazine has a blind review process. Allarticles will initially be evaluated by the editor tomatch the magazine. The manuscripts that areconsidered suitable, are usually sent at leasttwo independent experts to evaluate thescientific quality of the article. The editor isresponsible for the final decision on whether toaccept or reject the article. Editor's decision isfinal.

scholarly journals AB0588 INFECTION AGGRAVATED DECREASE OF THE LEVEL OF TH17 AND TREG CELLS AND LOW-DOSE IL-2 REBALANCED TH17/TREG IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1591.3-1591
Author(s):  
Y. Liang ◽  
H. Y. Wen ◽  
Y. Duan ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Z. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Organ Infection

Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are featured by a series of clinical presentation such as proximal muscle weakness, increased serum levels of creatine kinase and other muscle enzymes and involvement of other organs and systems[1, 2], which results in high morbidity and early mortality[3]. We have known the changes of the level of Th17 and Treg cells in IIM in previous studies[4-6]. However, whether infection affects lymphocyte subsets or not and whether the effect of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be influenced by the use of immunosuppressants or not are still unclear.Objectives:The study aimed to explore the changes of lymphocyte subsets in patients of IIM with or without important organ infection, and the restoration of Th17/Treg after receiving low-dose IL-2.Methods:A total of 118 IIM patients were enrolled and classified into infection group and non-infection group based on the important organ infection. Of them, 48 cases were treated with low dose IL-2 (5.0*105IU for 5 days). The absolute number of peripheral total T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry combined with absolute counting beads. Clinical data, laboratory examinations and the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In these patients, especially in the infection group, the absolute number of T, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were significantly decreased as compared with that in the healthy controls, which were significantly increased by low dose IL-2 (especially Treg cells) treatment. The levels of ESR, LDH and HBDH and the ratio of Th17/Treg were significantly lower than those before IL-2 treatment (Z=-2.237, -2.083, -2.140, -3.663,P=0.025, 0.037, 0.032, 0.000). The 48 cases who received IL-2 treatment were divided into 2 groups according to whether they used immunosuppressants. There was no significant difference in the absolute number of T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg between the 2 groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Global decrease in lymphocyte subsets was found in IIM patients, especially those who had important organ infection. A significant re-balance of Th17/Treg was observed after receiving treatment with low-dose IL-2. Furthermore, the restoration of lymphocyte subsets showed similar degree after treatment with or without immunosuppressants. Low-dose IL-2 may become a potential therapy for IIM patients. The mechanism of lymphocyte decrease in IIM is required further to study.References:[1]Clark K E N, Isenberg D A. A review of inflammatory idiopathic myopathy focusing on polymyositis[J]. European Journal of Neurology, 2017.[2]Tieu J, Lundberg IE, Limaye V. Idiopathic inflammatory myositis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2016. 30(1): 149-68.[3]Mandel DE, Malemud CJ, Askari AD. Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Review of the Classification and Impact of Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017. 18(5).[4]Zhang SX, Wang J, Sun HH, et al. Circulating regulatory T cells were absolutely decreased in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients and restored by low-dose IL-2. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 .[5]Espinosa-Ortega F, Gómez-Martin D, Santana-De Anda K, Romo-Tena J, Villaseñor-Ovies P, Alcocer-Varela J. Quantitative T cell subsets profile in peripheral blood from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: tilting the balance towards proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic subsets. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015. 179(3): 520-8.[6]Feng M, Guo H, Zhang C, et al. Absolute reduction of regulatory T cells and regulatory effect of short-term and low-dose IL-2 in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019. 77: 105912.Acknowledgments:Thanks for the support of my teachers, classmates and my family.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Evaluating quality of science in CGIAR research programs: Use of bibliometrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110242
Author(s):  
Max Rünzel ◽  
Paolo Sarfatti ◽  
Svetlana Negroustoueva
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Bibliometric Indicators ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Quality Of Research

When evaluating Quality of Science (QoS) in the context of development initiatives, it is essential to define adequate criteria. The objective of this perspective paper is to show how altmetric and bibliometric indicators have been used to support the evaluation of QoS in the 2020 Review of the Phase 2-CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs, 2017–2022), where, for the first time, the Quality of Research for Development (QoR4D) frame of reference has been utilized across the entire CGIAR CRP portfolio. Overall, the CRP review showed a significant output of scientific publications during the period 2017–2020, with 4,872 articles, 220,101 references, and 7.1 citations per article. Additionally, wider interest in scientific publications is demonstrated by good to high altmetrics, with average attention scores ranging from 70.8 to 806.9 with an average of 425.1. The use of selected bibliometrics was shown to be an adequate tool, for use together with other qualitative indicators to evaluate the QoS in the 12 CRPs. The CRP review process clearly demonstrated that standardized, harmonized and consistent data on research output is paramount to provide high-quality quantitative instruments and should be a priority throughout the transition toward One CGIAR. Therefore, we conclude that the QoR4D framework should be augmented by standardized bibliometric indicators embedded in measurement frameworks within the new One CGIAR. Finally, its practical utilization in monitoring and evaluation should be supported with clear guidelines.

The Impact of Age and Gender on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Contexture of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rebar N. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells that reside mainly in the bone marrow and are capable of generating and fulfilling the entire hematopoietic system upon differentiation. Thirty-six healthy donors, attending the HSCT center to donate their bone marrow, were categorized according to their age into child (0–12 years), adolescence (13–18 years), and adult (19–59 years) groups, and gender into male and female groups. Then, the absolute number of HSCs and mature immune cells in their harvested bone marrow was investigated. Here, we report that the absolute cell number can vary considerably based on the age of the healthy donor, and the number of both HSCs and immune cells declines with advancing age. The gender of the donor (male or female) did not have any impact on the number of the HSCs and immune cells in the bone marrow. In conclusion, since the number of HSCs plays a pivotal role in the clinical outcome of allogeneic HSC transplantations, identifying a younger donor regardless the gender is critical.

A Model of the Academic Review Process with Informed Authors

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer H. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Research Productivity ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Noisy Signal ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Academic Review ◽  
Journal Policies

Abstract Research on the academic review process may help to improve research productivity. The article presents a model of the review process in a top journal, in which authors know their paper’s quality whereas referees obtain a noisy signal about quality. Increased signal noisiness, lower submission costs and more published papers all reduce the average quality of published papers in the journal. The model allows analyzing how the submission cost, the accuracy of referees and the number of published papers affect additional equilibrium characteristics. Implications of the model for journal policies are also discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lipiński ◽  
Joanna Zeyland ◽  
Andrzej Pławski ◽  
Ryszard Słomski
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Cmv Promoter ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
The Absolute

Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic PigsThe aim of this research was to determine the number of transgene copies in the DNA of transgenic pigs. The copy number of the transgene was analysed in the transgenic animals with introduced pCMVFUT genetic construct containing a coding sequence of human H transferase under a control of CMV promoter. The copy number of the transgene that had integrated with the genome of the transgenic animals was analysed by qPCR with SYBR Green dye, which enabled nonspecific double-stranded DNA detection. CMVFT-2F and CMVFT-2R primers were used to amplify a 149 bp fragment of DNA. Forward primer had a sequence complementary to a promoter sequence and reverse primer to a coding sequence of H transferase. The copy number of the transgene in the examined samples was established by plotting the CT values obtained on a standard curve, which had been set by the usage of the CT values for the successive standard dilutions with known copy number (1.438-1.431 copies). As a standard we used pCMVFut genetic construct hydrolyzed with Not I restriction enzyme to a linear form. The real-time PCR results helped to establish the range of 3 - 4 as the number of the transgene copies that had integrated to the swine genome.

Ab initiostructure solution by iterative phase-retrieval methods: performance tests on charge flipping and low-density elimination

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Fleischer ◽  
Thomas Weber ◽  
Sofia Deloudi ◽  
Lukáš Palatinus ◽  
Walter Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Novel Model

Comprehensive tests on the density-modification methods charge flipping [Oszlányi & Sütő (2004).Acta Cryst.A60, 134–141] and low-density elimination [Shiono & Woolfson (1992).Acta Cryst.A48, 451–456] for solving crystal structures are performed on simulated diffraction data of periodic structures and quasicrystals. A novel model-independent figure of merit, which characterizes the reliability of the retrieved phase of each reflection, is introduced and tested. The results of the performance tests show that the quality of the phase retrieval highly depends on the presence or absence of an inversion center and on the algorithm used for solving the structure. Charge flipping has a higher success rate for solving structures, while low-density elimination leads to a higher accuracy in phase retrieval. The best results can be obtained by combining the two methods,i.e.by solving a structure with charge flipping followed by a few cycles of low-density elimination. It is shown that these additional cycles dramatically improve the phases not only of the weak reflections but also of the strong ones. The results can be improved further by averaging the results of several runs and by applying a correction term that compensates for a reduction of the structure-factor amplitudes by averaging of inconsistently observed reflections. It is further shown that in most cases the retrieved phases converge to the best solution obtainable with a given method.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Effects of Change in Committee Chair on Audit Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Izhar Haq ◽  
Teresa Lang ◽  
Hongkang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Committee Chair ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

This study uses GMI Ratings directorship data from 2008 to 2013 along with the associated financial data to examine the relationship between audit committee chair change with the absolute discretionary accruals in the financial statements of the reporting companies.  Our results suggest that audit committee chair change is positively associated with the absolute discretionary accruals.  Specifically, absolute discretionary accruals are significantly higher when there is a change in the audit committee chair.  These results are consistent with prior research that deviations from the predicted values of accruals is an indicator of “poor” audit quality.  An additional finding of this paper is that a person younger than 60 is more likely to be a new audit committee chair when there is a change and therefore will have less experience and contacts than the outgoing chair. An important implication of these results is that audit committee chair change can have a significant impact on the quality of the financial statements of a company as well as on the audit quality.

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