scholarly journals RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES IN IMPLEMENTING REGIONAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (30 (1)) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Ionela Gavrila-Paven
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
Programming Period

Increasing the efficiency of structural funds and the rate of absorption is one of the opportunity that Romanian economy has to maximize. The article presents a general analysis on the absorption of Regional Operational Program for the financial programming period 2007-2013. This evolution is being regarded in the context of improving the efficiency of the Regional Operational Program for the present financial programming period 2014-2020, in order to use the experience accumulated and to increase the absorption rate.

Function curve of the membranes that regulate amniotic fluid volume in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. H146-H150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Faber ◽  
Debra Anderson ◽  
Roger Hohimer ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
George Giraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Vascular Catheters

Seven singleton 120-day fetal lambs were prepared with a shunt from the lung to the gastric end of the esophagus, a bladder catheter, and multiple amniotic fluid and vascular catheters. The urachus was ligated. Beginning 7 days later, amniotic fluid volumes were determined by drainage, followed by replacement with 1 liter of lactated Ringer (LR) solution. Urine flow into the amnion was measured continuously. In 14 of 27 experiments, amniotic fluid volumes were determined again 2 days after the inflow into the amnion had consisted of urine only and in 13 experiments after the inflow of urine had been supplemented by an intraamniotic infusion of LR solution. Intramembranous absorption was calculated from the inflows and the changes in volume between the beginning and end of each experiment. The relations between absorption rate and amniotic fluid volume, the “function curves,” were highly individual. Urine production during the infusion of LR solution did not decrease, fetal plasma renin activity decreased ( P < 0.001), and amniotic fluid volume increased by 140% [SE (27%), P < 0.005], but the increase in the amniochorionic absorption rate of 411% [SE (48%), P < 0.001] was greater ( P < 0.005) than the increase in volume. Each of the seven fetuses was proven capable of an average intramembranous absorption rate that exceeded 4.5 liters of amniotic fluid per day. During the infusion of LR solution, the increase in the rate of absorption matched the rate of infusion (both in ml/h), with a regression coefficient of 0.75 ( P < 0.001). Thus, even for large amniotic fluid volumes, volume is not limited by the absorptive capacity of the amniochorion, and, at least in these preparations, the position of the function curve and not the natural rate of inflow was the major determinant of resting amniotic fluid volume.

Fondi strutturali per il ciclo di programmazione 2007-2013: analisi critica della ripartizione delle risorse finanziarie tra le Regioni dei Paesi membri

2009 ◽  
pp. 62-103
Author(s):  
Luigi De Iaco
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Member States ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Administrative Efficiency ◽  
Funds Allocation ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Financial Allocation

- The recent European Commission's implementing regulation for the Structural and Cohesion Funds 2007-2013 establishes criteria for defining the Regions eligible for funding from the Structural Funds. Moreover it identifies the objectives to be reached during the programming period. The general objectives of the Structural policies consist in speeding up the convergence of the least-developed Member States and regions by improving conditions for growth and employment through higher quality investments in physical and human capital, innovation, environment and administrative efficiency. However, the indicators used to identify regions for funding mainly refer to GDP and population. Methods and Results The analysis uses a simulation model based on Regions of Member States financial allocation model. The results show that using indicators more coherent with the European Commission objectives would lead to a different funds allocation. Conclusions This paper tries to highlight the inconsistency of this process and, through the identification and use of alternative indicators, proposes some simulations in order to present a different and more coherent scenario of financial allocation of Structural Funds.

Public Research Support for an Innovative Integrated Payment Model of Service Delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bracaglia ◽  
Giulia Monetta ◽  
William Vanobberghen
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
Entrepreneurial Innovation ◽  
Card Payment ◽  
Future Business

AbstractThis paper introduces an entrepreneurial innovation supported by public research. TITAN is an R&D project funded by European Structural Funds with the National Operational Program for “Research and Competitiveness” 2007–2013 (NOP for R&C). General purpose of TITAN project is to achieve a multi-application and multi-channel platform to manage value-added services (VAS) and e-payments. From the EPAS protocols perspective of standardizing the electronic payment, VAS data management will be included in the current financial messages (CAPE – ISO 20022). In order to improve the process of card payment transactions through the delivery of new VAS was born the cooperation between EPASOrg and TITAN’s team. This cooperation would facilitate the examination and submission to ISO 20022 of data components related to the provision of added-value services meeting the requirements of those new contactless applications developed in the framework of the project. This is the principal and most entrepreneurial innovation concentrated on the integration of payment and VAS that draws attention to a new model delivering the VAS on a multi-application device used by both payment and VAS, during the same payment transaction. The latter result has led a Change Request to ISO in order to allow the extension to the VAS on the standard ISO 20022 related to card payment. The innovative model proposed is validated through a sample scenario and, finally, the conclusions summarize the next steps and underlines possible implications for future business and technological developments.

scholarly journals Studies on antagonism.―I. The effect of the presence of salts of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent kations on the intake of calcium and ammonium ions by potato tuber tissue

1933 ◽  
Vol 112 (778) ◽  
pp. 451-472 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
Tuber Tissue ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
The Subject

The intake of salts by storage tissues has been worked out at some length by Stiles using both the conductivity method and chemical analysis to determine the alteration in concentration of the solution supplied to the tissue. Results of these investigations as well as those of other workers on the subject point to the fact that salts are not taken in as such, but as their constituent ions, which may be absorbed to a very different degree. Stiles (1924) found that the ions were absorbed comparatively rapidly at first, for a period lasting up to 10 hours, after which there was a gradual falling off in the absorption rate so that after 24 hours absorption was only proceeding very slowly. It was also suggested that the initial rate of absorption depended more on the physical properties of the ions, such as their mobility and the coefficients of diffusion of their salts, and bore, it was found, no relationship to the final position of equilibrium (Stiles, 1919).

HIGHER EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN THE EU FUNDING CONTEXT DURING 2007 – 2013 PROGRAMING PERIOD IN BULGARIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Peter Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Program Science ◽  
The Eu

This article presents an analysis of the interventions supporting specific public policies, in the field of higher education, in Bulgaria. These fall within the framework of the European Union structural funds of the 2007 – 2013 program. The paper identifies the types of operations and financial allocations according to their mode of intervention, and reports on the impact of their implementation. It concludes with recommendations for the new operational program, “Science and education for smart growth 2014 – 2020.”

PROGRESS AND RATE OF ABSORPTION OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS THROUGH THE INTESTINAL TRACT OF RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Effective Absorption ◽  
Normal Absorption ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Effective Contribution

Rates of absorption and the movement of P32 through the intestine of adult rats were measured. These two measurements were combined mathematically to estimate the effective contribution of each segment of the intestinal tract toward normal absorption of phosphorus. All parts of the intestinal tract were able to absorb P32. The rate of absorption was greatest at the duodenum, followed by the jejunum, ileum, colon, and stomach in decreasing order. However, since P32 passed rapidly through the duodenum and jejunum, less material was available to be absorbed, with the result that absorption was less effective in these segments than it was in the ileum. When the progress and rate of absorption was combined quantitatively, the greatest effective absorption was found to occur in the ileum (which absorbed 38% of the total), followed by the duodenum (29%), jejunum (25%), and colon (8%). Two factors were found to limit P32absorption: (a) movement of the isotope into gut segments having slower absorption rate, and (b) decreased absorption of P32 in each gut loop with time. Similar factors had been found previously to limit Sr89 absorption.

scholarly journals Προς μια αναμόρφωση των διαδικασιών αξιολόγησης των Ευρωπαϊκών Διαρθρωτικών Ταμείων: μαθήματα από την ελληνική περίπτωση

2018 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Σωτήρης Πετρόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Proposals

The processes and theoretical models for the evaluation of the impact of European Structural Funds in the Member States are an ever changing and enhancing sector. Based on the results of each programming period, a vast literature and many directives have been developed aimed at better recording these effects. The study of the Greek case, through a thorough literature research and especially a robust field study, indicates that despite all the improvements many, mainly indirect in nature, effects are not recorded and therefore no policy proposals covering such deficiencies and rendering the management and evaluation system of the ESF more effective are being formulated. The article concludes on a series of policy proposals for the improvement of procedures with a direct impact towards the amelioration of the management system of European funds.

scholarly journals Beyond the EU Structural Funds’ Absorption Rate: How Do Regions Really Perform?

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Eirini Aivazidou ◽  
Giovanni Cunico ◽  
Edoardo Mollona
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Eu Structural Funds ◽  
The Eu

Although the EU structural funds aim to alleviate disparities through supporting regional development, their impact on local economies and societies is considered as uneven. As existing studies explore the absorption rate of the EU share of contribution as a point-in-time indicator at the end of the policy cycle, evidence about regional co-finance and the factors dynamically affecting absorption performance is lacking. To that end, this paper aims to provide a new longitudinal investigation of the absorption time series and develop an original indicator, supported by a statistical error analysis, for offering a transparent view of the total funds’ absorption. The analysis highlights that undesired regional strategies due to low administrative capacity may increase the absorption rate, though without supporting regional growth. The proposed approach could further facilitate the equitable allocation of political accountability regarding the structural funds’ absorption to the EU and the regions. Overall, it is anticipated that this research will support the EU in monitoring actual regional performance for prompting local managing authorities to improve their administrative capacity.

Mathematical Modeling of Drug Release from Spherical Drug Particles: Analysis of the Effect of Absorption Rate on Drug Release Rate

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W Loney ◽  
Ramana Susarla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

A closed form solution has been obtained for the release kinetics of a solute from a spherical drug matrix into a finite volume of liquid, taking into account the effect of rate of absorption. The proposed model results clearly show the effect of the absorption rate constant on the rate of drug release. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data and diffusion-only model results. There is a significant difference in the release profile when the rate of absorption of drug is slow. The most important feature of the mathematical relationship between the liquid concentration verses time is its ability to predict change in the performance of the drug by manipulating the parameters of the equation. These parameters include the initial concentration of the drug, the radius of the drug and diffusivity of the drug in the solid to name a few. Therefore, a substantial number of experiments can be eliminated when the optimal performance of a drug is sought after.

Simultaneous Analysis of the Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory, Alclofenac

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Lawrence T Sennello ◽  
Robert C Sonders ◽  
William G Jochimsen ◽  
Nadav Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Multiple Dosing ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Single Set

Two clinical studies were conducted to study the pharmacokinetics of alclofenac in healthy adult male volunteers when the drug was administered in both single and multiple dosing regimens. The first study involved the participation of thirty-two subjects, each of whom received single 500 mg and 1000 mg oral doses of alclofenac, using a complete crossover experimental design. The second study involved the participation of sixteen subjects, eight of whom received a 500 mg dose, and eight of whom received a 1000 mg dose of alclofenac every eight hours for ninety-six consecutive hours (four days) with no crossover. In the first study, plasma alclofenac levels were monitored for ten hours post-dosing, while in the second study, drug levels were monitored for four and one-half days (i.e. through twelve hours after the last dose). Initially, using the programme NONLIN, single dose data were fit to a bi-exponential equation, with output from these fits serving as initial estimates for a second fit to the same equation. The results of these second fits were then used as initial estimates to fit the multiple dosing data to a multiple dosing one-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. Finally, all sets of data were simultaneously fit to the one-compartment open model, with both single and multiple dosing, in an attempt to obtain a uniform interpretation, with a single set of parameters that would adequately describe the plasma alclofenac levels to be expected with a variety of dosing regimens. It was found that the kinetics did not significantly change upon going from single to multiple dosing, and that with the exception of the apparent absorption rate constant, a single set of parameters adequately described all the data collected. The rate of absorption seemed to be somewhat dose-dependent at these levels, being slower after 1000 mg doses than after 500 mg doses. For this reason, the simultaneous fitting program was allowed to estimate different absorption rate constants for the 500 mg and 1000 mg doses. The results of these simultaneous analyses were: Vol Distribution/Fraction Abs = 6.56 Litres Absorption Half-Life (500 mg) = 14 Minutes Absorption Half-Life (1000 mg) = 30 Minutes Elimination Half-Life = 2.1 Hours Absorption Lag Time = 14 Minutes

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