scholarly journals The Plight of Refugees in ASEAN Member Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 633-646
Author(s):  
Christine Elizabeth Macaraig ◽  
Fariz Pradipta Mursyid
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
International Organization ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

This paper identifies and analyzes the efforts of ASEAN member states in addressing the contemporary threats and hardships experienced by refugees. The situation is further exacerbated by the pandemic brought about by the COVID-19 coronavirus. As an international organization, ASEAN is expected to have a collective and cooperative strategy to address this. However, ASEAN member states do not exhibit large-scale collaborative efforts to resolve the plight of the refugees. Rather, mutual agreements seem to be limited to the host/transit country and the native country of the refugees. Liberal institutionalist theory that emphasizes the function of international institutions to aid multinationals cooperation in certain areas is used to explain ASEAN’s role to deal with the plight of refugees in South East Asia. It is recommended for ASEAN members to re-examine the potential of international relations in securing a safer and sustainable future for refugees.

Parts of South-east Asia may adopt nuclear post-2030

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Development

Significance It is the only country in South-east Asia with a large-scale nuclear plant, although this was never loaded with fuel. Other countries in the region have tentative plans to develop nuclear power programmes. Impacts The current absence of nuclear power programmes will help avert the diversion of capital from renewable energy development in the region. South-east Asian countries with small, non-power reactors, built for research, will try to maintain these facilities. Across the region, the need for electricity grid investment will increase as more decentralised generation sources are deployed.

Statistical Downscaling of daily extreme Sea Level with Random Forest: Examples from South-East Asia and the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Bierstedt ◽  
Eduardo Zorita ◽  
Birgit Hünicke
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Extreme Sea Levels ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The coastlines of the Baltic Sea and Indonesia are both relatively complex, so that the estimation of extreme sea levels caused by the atmospheric forcing becomes complex with conventional methods. Here, we explore whether Machine Learning methods can provide a model surrogate to compute more rapidly daily extremes in sea level from large-scale atmosphere-ocean fields. We investigate the connections between the atmospheric and ocean drivers of local extreme sea level in South East Asia and along the Baltic Sea based on statistical analysis by Random Forest Models, driven by large-scale meteorological predictors and daily extreme sea level measured by tide-gauge records over the last few decades.</p><p>First results show that in some Indonesian areas extremes are driven by large-scale climate fields; in other areas they are incoherently driven by local processes. An area where random forest predicted extremes show good correspondence to observed extremes is found to be the Malaysian coastline. For the Indonesian coasts, the Random Forest Algorithm was unable to predict extreme sea levels in line with observations. Along the Baltic Sea, in contrast, the Random Forest model is able to produce reasonable estimations of extreme sea levels based on the large-scale atmospheric fields. An analysis of the interrelations of extreme sea levels in the South Asia regions suggests that either the data quality may be compromised in some regions or that other forcing factors, distinct from the large-scale atmospheric fields, may also be involved.</p>

scholarly journals Biometric Data Sharing in Addressing Irregular Migration and Security Issues within The Bali Process Framework for Indonesia and ASEAN Member States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Masitoh Indriani ◽  
Amira Paripurna
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Asean Member

The Bali Process Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime acknowledges the large scale and complexity of irregular migration challenges both within and outside the Asia Pacific region. As one of the efforts to decrease irregular migration in this region, the Regional Support Office of the Bali Process (RSO) was established in 2012 to support the implementation of the Bali Process. In this regard, the Bali Process led to an opportunity to develop the use of technology and biometrics data sharing in migration and border management. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the law and policy in addressing the issue of irregular migration in Indonesia. It also explores the development of the utilization of technology and biometrics in the area of migration, security and border management, as a measure in addressing the problem of irregular migration. The discussion focuses on the role and challenges of technology and biometrics data exchange in border management as one of the most important agreements on the Bali Process. This study finds that the gaps within the ASEAN member states in regulating privacy rights and data protection have caused the difficulties in sharing and exchange data/information particularly biometric data. The method used in this research is the doctrinal legal research, which is mainly referred to as library-based research.

Regional Organizations’ Relations with International Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 446-464
Author(s):  
Joris Larik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
External Relations

This chapter compares the law and practice of regional organizations regarding their engagement with international institutions. This includes treaty-making, joining and participating in international organizations, and the question to which extent member states are being replaced by their regional organizations. The chapter uses the European Union and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as case studies given that they represent two radically different forms of regional integration. While the former is a case of deep, supranational sovereignty-pooling, the latter is an example of distinctly sovereignty-friendly intergovernmental cooperation. Both ASEAN and the European Union have codified sets of internal norms for conducting their external relations. Both are avid treaty-makers and interact systematically with international institutions. However, this chapter explains how the difference in the organizations’ internal modes of operation translates into different approaches in their external relations. The European Union’s highly formalized approach leads to taking on a state-like position in many situations, but without always replacing its member states. By contrast, ASEAN’s sensitivity toward national sovereignty results in its member states and the Association never appearing together. It is always either one or the other that engages internationally. ASEAN member states interact with other powers, whereas ASEAN as a legal person interacts with other international organizations, with the one exception—the European Union.

Competing Visions of Japan’s Relations with Southeast Asia, 1938-1960

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Lang
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Regional Strategy ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

This book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of the Japanese debate on the nation’s South East Asia policy from 1938–1941 and 1952–1960. In a detailed discourse analysis, it compares competing arguments offered by business circles, the military, the political and diplomatic elites, and intellectuals on Japan’s regional strategy. This book advances the field of the history of Japan’s diplomatic thinking, not only by addressing the issue of continuity and change in the discourse on Japan’s relations with South East Asia, but also by demonstrating how this debate served to explore more fundamental questions about Japan’s identity, its relations with Western nations and its stance on Asian solidarity. Heiko Lang (PhD) completed his doctoral studies at the Universities of Tokyo and Munich and is currently teaching international relations at Hosei University, Tokyo.

Non-traditional security cooperation between China and south-east Asia: implications for Indo-Pacific geopolitics

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Economic Statecraft ◽  
Strategic Influence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’ (FOIP) strategy, actively promoted by the United States with support from its allies and partners, is a significant geopolitical response to China's growing power and expanding influence in Asia and beyond. Beijing has adopted various new strategies to cope with the challenges related to FOIP. One of these strategies is to secure a robust relationship with south-east Asia in order to make these regional states either neutral to or less supportive of the Indo-Pacific vision. In addition to economic statecraft and soft power, Beijing believes that it can also tap into the domain of non-traditional security (NTS) to strengthen relations with this region to position itself better in the intensifying regional geopolitical competition. The article addresses the following question: what is the impact of China's NTS cooperation with south-east Asia on Beijing's geopolitical rivalry with other major powers in the Indo-Pacific region? The article argues that China's NTS cooperation with south-east Asian countries may help China maintain its geopolitical standing in the region, but it is unlikely to lead to any dramatic increase of China's strategic influence in the region. This essentially means that Beijing may be able to prevent ASEAN or most ASEAN member states from lending substantive and strong support to the Indo-Pacific construct, but it will not be able to stop ASEAN states from supporting some elements of the FOIP.

scholarly journals Impacts of logging on density-dependent predation of dipterocarp seeds in a South East Asian rainforest

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1582) ◽  
pp. 3246-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bagchi ◽  
Christopher D. Philipson ◽  
Eleanor M. Slade ◽  
Andy Hector ◽  
Sam Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Conspecific Density

Much of the forest remaining in South East Asia has been selectively logged. The processes promoting species coexistence may be the key to the recovery and maintenance of diversity in these forests. One such process is the Janzen–Connell mechanism, where specialized natural enemies such as seed predators maintain diversity by inhibiting regeneration near conspecifics. In Neotropical forests, anthropogenic disturbance can disrupt the Janzen–Connell mechanism, but similar data are unavailable for South East Asia. We investigated the effects of conspecific density (two spatial scales) and distance from fruiting trees on seed and seedling survival of the canopy tree Parashorea malaanonan in unlogged and logged forests in Sabah, Malaysia. The production of mature seeds was higher in unlogged forest, perhaps because high adult densities facilitate pollination or satiate pre-dispersal predators. In both forest types, post-dispersal survival was reduced by small-scale (1 m 2 ) conspecific density, but not by proximity to the nearest fruiting tree. Large-scale conspecific density (seeds per fruiting tree) reduced predation, probably by satiating predators. Higher seed production in unlogged forest, in combination with slightly higher survival, meant that recruitment was almost entirely limited to unlogged forest. Thus, while logging might not affect the Janzen–Connell mechanism at this site, it may influence the recruitment of particular species.

scholarly journals World Health Statistics 2011: How does Bangladesh compare with other South-East Asian countries?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Related

The World Health Statistics 2011 compiles the health and related data of its member states including a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. This analysis examined data for Bangladesh and compares with the other ten member states of the WHO South-East Asia region. From the analysis, it is evident that considerable progress is being made to improve the health of the people of Bangladesh. Nevertheless, there remain many areas of concern over health development and provision of healthcare delivery and financing. In Bangladesh, annual population growth rate and adolescent fertility rate are higher than regional averages. Life expectancy and mortality rates are not impressive in comparison to other regional countries. Overall burden of cause-specific mortality and morbidity is higher; however reported cases of selected infectious diseases are lower than regional average. In terms of health service coverage, in one hand some real concerns were noted (e.g. poor antenatal coverage and availability of skilled health personnel etc.) and on the other hand some achievements were accomplished (e.g. vaccination of measles, DTP3 etc.). Increasing number of underweight children and smoking among male adults are also the key areas of concerns. Bangladesh ranks in the bottom quartile of healthcare spending in the region; the percentage of GDP allocation for health is 3.3% which is far below the level needed to scale up essential health interventions. The country has also relatively few healthcare personnel and hospital beds, and health inequality is observed in the provision of health care delivery which is most prominent in lower socio-economic groups. With regards to health-related MDGs, except child mortality, other target may not be met. Findings from these cross-national comparisons can inform national policy, highlight areas where Bangladesh could improve, and yield benchmarks for improved healthcare performance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13206 South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2011:1(1)

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