scholarly journals Anthropogenic flash floods and climate change in rural Zimbabwe: Impacts and options for adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 809-819
Author(s):  
Shingirai Mugambiwa ◽  
Jabulani Makhubele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Water Hazards ◽  
Adaptation Options

Zimbabwe has been affected by numerous floods-related disasters in the recent past. These disasters often left rural communities in difficult socioeconomic situations. Floods are among the major water-related hazards and natural disasters worldwide. They are associated with excess rainfall, resulting in river overflow due to climate change . Developing countries constitute a large number of losses caused by water hazards. Thereby, in these countries, the vulnerabilities of households that depend on rain fed agriculture and livestock production for their livelihoods increases. This review paper seeks to establish the association between anthropogenic flash floods and climate change and unearth the impacts; vulnerabilities and adaptation options associated with anthropogenic flash floods in rural Zimbabwe. The study found that numerous anthropogenic activities perpetuate an increase in flood risk. These include littering, river or dam regulation measures, intensified land use and emissions of greenhouse gases, which subsequently result in global climate change. The impacts of flash floods established in the study include drought, food insecurity, displacements, malnutrition and severe effects on subsistence economy. The study concluded that even though most rural communities in Zimbabwe are vulnerable to the effects of floods, they have devised numerous diverse adaptation strategies to cope with the changes in the environment.

DATA ANALYTICS FOR CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150005
Author(s):  
STAVROS DEMERTZIS ◽  
VASILIKI DEMERTZI ◽  
KONSTANTINOS DEMERTZIS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Atmospheric Science ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner. Under these conditions, air pollution is likely to reach levels that create undesirable living conditions. Anthropogenic activities, such as industry, release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, increasing the atmospheric concentrations of these gases, thus significantly enhancing the greenhouse effect, which has the effect of increasing air heat and thus the speedup of climate change. The use of sophisticated data analysis methods to identify the causes of extreme pollutant values, the correlation of these values with the general climatic conditions and the general malfunctions that can be caused by prolonged air pollution can give a clear picture of current and future climate change. This paper presents a thorough study of preprocessing steps of data analytics and the appropriate big data architectures that are appropriate for the research study of Climate Change and Atmospheric Science.

scholarly journals IoT and Machine Learning for Identifying Correlation between Factors Causing Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Sharma ◽  
Birat Bade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Snow Fall

The global climate is changing due to anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, infrastructure development, deforestation etc. Expected effects of climate change include increase in global temperatures, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, melting of glaciers, less snowfall, expansion of deserts etc. Most ecosystems are affected by manmade climate change and Mount Everest is no exception. This paper delves into the effects of global warming on Mount Everest and how Internet of Things (IOT) can be used to correctly monitor these effects. The IOT system will take three parameters temperature, carbon parts per million in the atmosphere and snowfall. This research paper also proposes a IOT framework to measure the net snowfall. The data gathered by the IOT system will be used to create a model will be created to monitor the effect of temperature and carbon parts per million on snow fall.

scholarly journals Rock anchoring in Karimun Jawa, Indonesia: Ecological impacts and management implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Maynard ◽  
K. R. N. Anthony ◽  
S. Afatta ◽  
L. F. Anggraini ◽  
D. Haryanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

Coral reefs everywhere are under increasing pressure from a suite of stressors. Recently, threats associated with climate change have been brought closer into focus and now dominate discussions and debate relating to the coral reef crisis (Hughes et al. 2003, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007). Indeed, mitigating local stressors on coral reefs has been given less priority and publicity than the global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Interestingly though, recent surveys demonstrate that most reef scientists agree that coral reefs are under greater threat from impacts associated with human population growth, coastal development, and overfishing than from global climate change (Kleypas and Eakin 2007). This is especially true for the reefs in SE Asia and the Pacific, which make up the bulk of the reefs in the world (Bryant et al. 1998). In these areas, regulations to ensure that anthropogenic activities near and on coral reefs are conducted sustainably, such as development, sanitation, fishing and even tourism; either do not exist or are rarely enforced due to a lack of resources. Here, we present one such example from Indonesia, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, a country where over 60% of the population relies in some way on marine resources.

scholarly journals Climate Change Fiasco: What Multilateral Arrangements Have to Offer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Nida Rahman ◽  
Munir Hassan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Matters Of Concern

Multilateral arrangements have been a talking thing for decades now. As the globalization process unleashed nations’ potential to converge on matters of concern, there has been a spiraling increase in agreements and arrangements. Climate change is the buzzword in multilateral arrangements now. In the recent past, startling changes in environment have caught the attention of countries, both developed and developing, to take a call of action. The present discourse seeks to understand multilateral arrangements’ itinerary in facing global climate change.

scholarly journals Environmental variability during the last three millennia in the rain shadows of central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. A171220
Author(s):  
Gustavo Olivares-Casillas ◽  
Alex Correa-Metrio ◽  
Edyta Zawisza ◽  
Marta Wojewódka-Przybył ◽  
Maarten Blaauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
El Niño ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ice Age

The last three millennia have been characterized by global temperature oscillations of around one Celsius degree, and high frequency variability on precipitation. Two main temperature anomalies have been reported worldwide, the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), characterized by higher and lower than average temperatures, respectively. Precipitation variability has been mostly associated with El Niño anomalies in the Equatorial Pacific. These global variability modes have been modulated by regional factors such as sea surface temperatures and their interaction with continental landmasses. Understanding regional responses to these anomalies would shed light on ecosystem response to environmental variability, a paramount tool for conservation purposes on the light of modern climate change. Here we present a 3,000-year sedimentary record from Lake Metztitlán, located in a Biosphere Reserve under the rain shadow of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Cladoceran and geochemical analyses were used to reconstruct lacustrine dynamics through the time period encompassed by the record. Our record points to highly dynamic lacustrine systems, coupled with global and regional climatic variability. In Metztitlán, the MWP was associated with low lake levels and a high torrentiality of the precipitation reflected in high-frequency peaks of detrital material. The LIA was associated with an enlarged water body, probably as a result of lower evapotranspiration. Overall, global climatic variability resulted in high variability of regional precipitation and detrital input in the Metztitlán region, in turn associated with changes in lake morphometry and depth. Our record highlights the vulnerability of the area to changes in sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Mexico, and to changes in the frequency of El Niño events. Although the effects of global climate change in the region are inescapable, our results emphasize the importance of controlling anthropogenic activities as an additional source of pressure on the regional ecosystems.

Review of current understanding of global climate change and its impacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
M. Sciortino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Group I

This review paper is based on the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in particular on the Working Group I (WG I) ‘The physical science basis’ and on the WG II ‘Impacts adaptation and vulnerability’ reports. The WG I report represents the state of the current scientific understanding of the observed and projected climate changes. The natural and anthropogenic drivers of climate change are addressed, focusing on the physical science understanding of observed records and on model-generated global climate change scenarios. The WG II report concerns the relationship between the observed changes of climate variables and the changes in the natural and human environment, addressing key policy-relevant scientific findings. Projected impacts and findings about vulnerability and adaptation on fresh water, natural ecosystems, food, fiber, coastal areas industry and health are also addressed for all continents. Scientific findings subsequent to the publication of the AR4 are not included in this review paper, whereas the recent decisions by the European Union (EU) and the agreements adopted within the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change based on the AR4 are reported.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Climate Change through Approached Agriculture-Soil Carbon Sequestration (A Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Shamal S. Kumar ◽  
Ananta G. Mahale ◽  
Ashutosh C. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Good Effect

It is projected that by 2030, the global population will rise to 8.5 billion influencing various changes to the whole globe. Since 1750, the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased sharply and exceeds more than 31 percent as a result of land use change and intense farming activities that require unique and modern actions to manage its climate - related risks. The earth is getting warmer day by day due to land use transition, intensive agriculture; global carbon (C) emissions have drastically increases after industrial revolution. Soil C depletion is enhanced by soil mismanagement, soil degradation and aggravated by land exploitation. Sources of emissions from various anthropogenic activities; land use change, burning of natural biomass, natural conversion to agricultural habitats, and soil cultivation. The soil as a dynamic natural entity has the potential of storing most of the C from atmosphere that will cause substantial decrease in CO2 content that is enhancing global climate change. Through agriculture, soils can reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and store C while having good effect on food security, water quality and climate prior to the introduction of best management and restorative land-use practices. Most of the reduced C in soil carbon (SC) pools can be recovered by embracing conservation tillage (no-till, reduced tillage) with cover cropping and incorporating crop residues as mulch, nutrient management through integrated nutrient management practices, manure and organic amendments, biochar and using other productive soil management strategies. These management systems lead to preservation of lands that are being or have been depleted, increase carbon production, enhance soil health and decrease the amount of atmospheric CO2 leading to climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Ecosystem: Modelling Relationship with Arthropods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinu Medhi ◽  
Jintu Dutta ◽  
Mohan Chandra Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Screening Platform ◽  
The Impact

Arthropods community structure and composition provides multiscale information about an environment health. Their reproduction and growth model are effective to assess the impact on ecosystem in response to stress such as anthropogenic activities (climate change) or natural (drought). Terrestrial and aquatic insects are potential bio-indicators. Terrestrial insects are an excellent model to assess the quality of terrestrial ecosystem. These insect species are assayed to detect metallic pollution and forest abundance. Soil and litter arthropods are used for examining soil quality. Honey bee mortality rates and the residues such as heavy metals, fungicides and herbicides presence in honey are good indicator of environmental pollution. The specificity of food and habitat selection by wasp population make it suitable for assessing habitat quality. Similarly butterflies habitat itself signifies a healthy ecosystem because of their sensitivity to even slightest change. Different arthropods act as keystone species and these keystone interactions also reveal many facets of an ecosystem quality. Similarly fly population such as Drosophila subobscura and their shift in the genetic composition indicate the global climate warming. The arthropods are explored as screening platform to understand the ecosystem resilience to disturbances. These underscores arthropods potential for evaluation of environmental impact and global climate change.

scholarly journals Assessment of pastoral vulnerability and its impacts on socio-economy of herding community and formulation of adaptation option

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balt Suvdantsetseg ◽  
Bolor Kherlenbayar ◽  
Khurel Nominbolor ◽  
Myagmarsuren Altanbagana ◽  
Wanglin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Miscarriage Rate ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation Options

Rangelands located in arid and semi-arid region are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research project is to assess vulnerability and its impacts on socio-economy of pastoral society and to formulate adaptation options for the selected rangelands. The analysis process consisted of (1) using geospatial techniques to assess the pastoral vulnerability; (2) using statistical correlation analysis to assess the impact of vulnerability on the grazing societies’ socio-economic conditions; (3) using qualitative document analysis (QDA) to evaluate policy documents; and (4) engaging in policy formulation, which included active participation by multiple academic researchers, policymakers, and representatives of the local community. The pastoral vulnerability assessment results reveal that drought, pasture usage and normalized difference vegetation index are the main drivers. Pastoral vulnerability increases the breeding stock’s miscarriage rate and causes livestock loss, which may affect the socio-economics of the herder community, devaluing herders’ labour and shortening their life expectancy. Two provinces’ policies were reviewed, and the findings suggest that aligning development and sectoral policies with climate change responses (i.e. adaptation and mitigation) to enhance the adaptive and transformative capacity of rural communities is important. The adaptation options and policy recommendations for two provinces are identified to enhance the resilience of livelihoods to climate change and adaptation activities to potentially reduce vulnerability to anthropogenic climate change and advance development.

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