scholarly journals Hing (Ferula asafoetida). A Review Based Upon its Ayurvedic and Pharmacological Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailja Choudhary ◽  
Hemlata Kaurav ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ferula Asafoetida

Ferula is considered as the third largest genus of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) which consists of 180-185 species. Asafoetida is defined as the oleo-resin gum extracted from the stem and rhizome of the Ferula asafetida plant. It is commonly called Hing or Devil's dung. It is a native species of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Ayurveda, it is described as an analgesic agent and is mentioned in Charak Samhita. It carries a strong, tenacious and sulfurous odor. It is also used as a spice or as a condiment in various cookeries as a flavor like in curries, fresh vegetables, meat, pickles and pulses. Asafetida is distinguished as asafetida hing (hing) and asafetida (hingra). Traditionally, the plant is used to treat diseases like whooping cough, asthma, bronchitis, epilepsy, ulcer, stomachache, flatulence, bronchitis, antispasmodic, intestinal parasites, influenza and weak digestion. The main active constituents present in the Ferula asafetida plant are resins, gums and essential oils. From the reported studies it was found that the plant possesses various therapeutic and pharmacological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypertensive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antiviral properties. In this review article, attempts have been made to describe the overall plant based on its modern and traditional view.

scholarly journals Calotropis procera (Arka): A Tribal Herb of Utmost Significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Kumari ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Nature has gifted humans a vast variety of medicinal plants, which are the rich source of bioactive compounds. Calotropis procera is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the family asclepiadaceae. It is commonly known as madar and milkweed plant in english and arka in hindi. It is mostly found in the tropics of asia and africa. Calotropis procera is a highly valued plant in the folk medication system. Each part of the plant is richly endowed with diverse nature of phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids, etc. These phytochemicals are significantly associated with various therapeutic and pharmacological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antifertility, anti-diarrheal, and spasmolytic. In this review article, the therapeutic and pharmacological value of this important plant has been summarized along with its utilization in the folklore and ayurvedic medicinal system.

Zakat as a Measure of Social Justice in Islamic Finance : An Accountant’s Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranam Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Important Form

Zakat is an important form of religiously mandated charity under Islam. It is the third pillar of Islam. The giving of Zakat is important for Muslims, as this leads to purification of their wealth from all sins. This paper examines the role of Zakat as an instrument of social justice and poverty eradication in society. Each Muslim calculates his or her own Zakat individually. Generally, this involves the payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital, after the needs of the family have been met. One can donate additional amount as an act of voluntary charity but Zakat is fundamental to every Muslim. Zakat is the Islamic contribution to social justice: those who have to give charity share the benefit of their prosperity to those who have fallen short. This is the Islamic approach to remove greed and envy and to purify one's soul based on good intentions. This is the institution of Zakat in Islam. The institution of Zakat serves to eradicate poverty in the community and uphold the light of Islam. Allah says “whatever is paid as Zakat for the sake of Allah shall be rewarded in manifolds”.

Family-Planning Knowledge and Attitude Surveys in Pakistan (Review Article)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Haroon ◽  
Yasmin Azra Jan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Very little of the intense interest and activity in the field of family planning in Pakistan has come up in the form of publications. Since the formation of the Family Planning Association of Pakistan in 1953 and the initiative of the government in promoting a national family-planning programme in its Second Five-Year Plan, relatively few reports have been printed. Most of what has been written in Pakistan about family planning has either been reported at conferences abroad or published in foreign journals, or submitted as graduate dissertations at universities within the country and abroad1. While numerous papers presented at conferences in Pakistan have been given limited circulation in mimeographed form2, much of the preliminary data, emanating from most of the action-research projects in progress, are held up till substantive demographic changes are measured and approaches evaluated accordingly.

GABAA receptors: Various stoichiometrics of subunit arrangement in α1β3 and α1β3ε receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has ◽  
Mary Chebib
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Γ Subunit ◽  
Subunit Stoichiometry ◽  
The Central Nervous System

GABAA receptors are members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate most inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are pentameric assemblies of individual subunits, including α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, π, θ and ρ1-3. The majority of receptors are comprised of α, β and γ or δ subunits. Depending on the subunit composition, the receptors are located in either the synapses or extrasynaptic regions. The most abundant receptors are α1βγ2 receptors, which are activated and modulated by a variety of pharmacologically and clinically unrelated agents such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, anaesthetics and neurosteroids, all of which bind at distinct binding sites located within the receptor complex. However, compared to αβγ, the binary αβ receptors lack a benzodiazepine α-γ2 interface. In pentameric αβ receptors, the third subunit is replaced with either an α1 or a β3 subunit leading to two distinct receptors that differ in subunit stoichiometry, 2α:3β or 3α:2β. The consequence of this is that 3α:2β receptors contain an α-α interface whereas 2α:3β receptors contain a β-β interface. Apart from the replacement of γ by α1 or β3 in binary receptors, the incorporation of ε subunit into GABAA receptors might be more complicated. As the ε subunit is not only capable of substituting the γ subunit, but also replacing the α/β subunits, receptors with altered stoichiometry and different pharmacological properties are produced. The different subunit arrangement of the receptors potentially constructs novel binding sites which may become new targets of the current or new drugs.

Synthetic Routes to 2-Iminothiazolidines: State-of-the-Art 2006-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2823-2844
Author(s):  
Aditya Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Cyclic Molecules ◽  
Synthetic Routes

: Multiheteroatom-containing small-sized cyclic molecules such as 2- iminothiazolidines are often found to possess beneficial pharmacological properties. In this review article, the biological significance of 2-iminothiazolidines is discussed and the literature reports published in the last 15 years spanning from 2006 to 2020 describing various preparative routes to access 2-iminothiazolidine derivatives have been categorically and chronologically described. The notable synthetic methods discussed here involve ringexpansion transformations of nonactivated and activated aziridines, thiiranes, epoxides, and other miscellaneous reactions.

Factor X Deficiency Due to a Compound Heterozygosis Between a New Mutation (Gla72Asp) in Exon 2 and an Already Known one (Gly154Arg) in Exon 5: Factor X Mar Del Plata1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Antonio Girolami ◽  
Diana Noemi Garcia de Paoletti ◽  
Marcelo Leonardo Nenkies ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Hugo Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor X Deficiency ◽  
The Family

Background: Investigation of rare bleeding disorders in Latin-America. Objective: The report of a new case of FX deficiency due to a compound heterozygosis. Methods: Accepted clotting procedures were used. Sequencing of DNA was carried out by means of Applied Biosystems Instruments. Results: A compound heterozygote due to the association of a new mutation (Gla72Asp) with an already known mutation (Gly154Arg) of the FX gene is reported. The proposita is a 38 year old female who had a moderate bleeding tendency (menorrhagia, epistaxis, easy bruising). The proposita has never received substitution therapy but in the occasion of a uterine biopsy. The mother was asymptomatic but was a heterozygote for the new mutation. The father was asymptomatic but had deserted the family and could not be investigated. After this abandonment the mother of the proposita re-married with an asymptomatic man and she gave birth to a son who was asymptomatic but was also heterozygous for the new mutation (Gla72Asp). As a consequence it has to be assumed that the first husband of the mother of the proposita was heterozygous for the known mutation (Gly154Arg). Conclusion: This is the third case of a new mutation in the FX gene reported, during the past few years, in Argentina.

Ennius’ imago between Tomb and Text

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Martelli
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The Family

Between the third and first centuries BCE, a tomb near the Via Appia not only served as a funerary monument for the Scipiones but was also believed to have once contained the statue of a man from outside the family: Quintus Ennius. This chapter considers how Ennius’ poetry and portrait contributed to the circulation of political prestige. Linking the story of his statue to a later image of the poet in Varro’s De poetis, it argues that Varro’s collection of author portraits and the practice of erecting busts of authors in libraries are best seen as a form of entombment—situating the poet’s imago alongside those of his literary forebears in a space that recognizes their identity as a group, much like the tomb of the Scipiones, or, indeed, any Roman atrium that collects the imagines of a family’s ancestors.

scholarly journals Chalepin and Chalepensin: Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Therapeutic Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Lutfun Nahar ◽  
Shaymaa Al-Majmaie ◽  
Afaf Al-Groshi ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Dihydrofuranocoumarin, chalepin (1) and furanocoumarin, chalepensin (2) are 3-prenylated bioactive coumarins, first isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Ruta chalepensis L. (Fam: Rutaceae) but also distributed in various species of the genera Boenminghausenia, Clausena and Ruta. The distribution of these compounds appears to be restricted to the plants of the family Rutaceae. To date, there have been a considerable number of bioactivity studies performed on coumarins 1 and 2, which include their anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, antimicrobial, antiplatelet aggregation, antiprotozoal, antiviral and calcium antagonistic properties. This review article presents a critical appraisal of publications on bioactivity of these 3-prenylated coumarins in the light of their feasibility as novel therapeutic agents and investigate their natural distribution in the plant kingdom, as well as a plausible biosynthetic route.

scholarly journals Diunsa: An Entrepreneurial Family’s Digital Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742110331
Author(s):  
Lauri Union ◽  
Carmen Suen ◽  
Rubén Mancha
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Service Operations ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Brick And Mortar

On March 15, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Honduran government unexpectedly announced a state of emergency and mandated immediate closure of all businesses. Diunsa closed its six stores. The family-owned retailer had anticipated supply chain disruptions, stocked from alternative suppliers, and formed a crisis management team. Now, to keep the business afloat during the unexpected closure and retain all its employees on the payroll, the company had to move sales from the brick-and-mortar stores to an incomplete online retail site. The third generation in the family business—the Faraj siblings, all in their 20’s—led the critical transition online and response to setbacks. As digital-native millennials, they helped improve the website, customer service, operations, and delivery in a short amount of time and using external resources and various technologies. As the situation stabilized, Diunsa’s leadership asked: How will Diunsa build on the momentum for digital transformation and turn its tactical actions into a digital strategy? How can we continue to tap into the leadership of our up-and-coming generation to achieve these goals?

scholarly journals How to talk with the family of a dying patient: anger to understanding, rage to compassion, loss to acceptance

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002971
Author(s):  
Moshe Y Flugelman
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dying Patient

Informing families about the impending or actual death of their relatives is one of the most challenging and complex tasks a physician may face. The following article describes goal setting and provides five roles/recommendations for conducting the encounter with patient families regarding the imminent or actual death of their relatives. Importantly, the encounter should be family-centred, and the physician should be highly attentive to family needs. The following roles should be applied based on family needs and should not be sequential as numbered. The first and basic role is to inform the family at the earliest possible time and as often as possible. The second goal of the physician is to convey to the family that their relative received the needed therapy during his hospitalisation or in the community. The third goal of the physician is to help the family reach acceptance of the death of their relative and leave the hospital having moved beyond anger and bargaining. The fourth goal of the physician during the encounters is to reduce or alleviate guilt by stating that nothing could have changed the course of the disease and that all efforts were made to save the patient. The fifth role of the physician is to try and help the family as a single entity and maintain their unity during this stressful situation. Following these roles/methods will help families in the stressful situation and will create the difference between anger and understanding, rage and compassion, and loss and acceptance.

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