scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE SLOP SOLAR DISTILLER WHEN USING A TWO REFLECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Yaseen. H. MAHMOOD ◽  
Abeer Ibrahim ASHAWI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
River Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
The Impact

The lack of safe drinking water is a major problem in many areas. Most of which located within the range of high solar sun and the enormous potential of solar energy can be exploited to turn salt water into drinking water. The most economical and easy way to achieve this goal is to use solar distillation. Two low-cost "Single Slope" solar distillers were designed to examine the impact of adding concentrates and reflectors on daily yield and efficiency and then compare the results. Results obtained from practical experiments have shown that solar distillers with internal and external reflectors made of mirrors have increased in efficiency by 6% and 12% when one liter and two liters of river water are added, respectively, from the distiller under the effect of the parabola concentrator. The daily yield was also (60 and 240) ml higher for the solar distiller, which contained both internal and external reflectors.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single Slope Solar Still by Integrating with Solar Thermal Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumaran ◽  
P. Jdihesh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

The world is facing the state of being scarce of fresh or drinking water and it is the major problem and global challenge. Along with air and food, water is a basic necessity for human. Solar energy is the biggest source of energy available on earth. A solar distillation is one of the methods for purifying salt water to drinking water. In this method fresh water is obtained by exposing a small layer of salt water to solar radiation and the water vaporized from the basin is condensed on the bottom side of a taper transparent cover. It can be collected in receiving troughs at the end of the still. For this research, a solar still has been designed, fabricated and tested under the climate condition of Coimbatore (11.01680 N, 76.9550 E), India from December 2016 to March 2017. The still basin area was 1m2 and the glass cover of still is inclined at 13 degree based on the city latitude. Solar still is integrated with thermal system such as solar photovoltaic system and then with solar pond in order to preheat the feed water thereby increasing the productivity considerably. Experiments were carried out on the still using different parameters and tested for performance. The results showed that the daily production of the conventional solar still was 2 Lit/m2/day and integrated with photovoltaic system and solar pond was 3.1 Lit/m2/day and 2.54 Lit/m2/day respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of Arsenic Contamination from Gomti River Water by using Activated Charcoal Absorbent Integrated with Solar Distillation Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Patel ◽  
Dhananjay Singh ◽  
Rahul Dev
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Gomti River ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic is a ubiquitous and short-term poisoning element, which affects living things. In this study, the removal of arsenic from Gomti river water, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh integrated modified double slope solar still with activated adsorption bed has been applied. Arsenic contamination in Gomti river at five places were found in the river water in the range of 55.70 ppb to 681.60 ppb, which exceed the maximum permissible limit of 10 ppb as recommended by WHO. Maximum concentration of arsenic in water was found in Mohan Maekins (681.60 ppb). However, mean arsenic concentration in water followed the order: Gaughat (115.37 ppb) < Hanuman setu (297.80 ppb) < Barrage (302.62 ppb) <Kukrail (336.27 ppb) < Mohan Maekins (481.89 ppb). The amount of adsorbed arsenic was increased with increasing initial concentration of arsenic. The aim of this study is to develop a low-cost process for the removal of arsenic effectively including the production of potable water. After results, data were analyzed with ICP-MS method and also verified with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.

scholarly journals Fe0/H2O Filtration Systems for Decentralized Safe Drinking Water: Where to from Here?

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nanseu-Njiki ◽  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Martin Pengou ◽  
Mohammad Rahman ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Small Communities

Inadequate access to safe drinking water is one of the most pervasive problems currently afflicting the developing world. Scientists and engineers are called to present affordable but efficient solutions, particularly applicable to small communities. Filtration systems based on metallic iron (Fe0) are discussed in the literature as one such viable solution, whether as a stand-alone system or as a complement to slow sand filters (SSFs). Fe0 filters can also be improved by incorporating biochar to form Fe0-biochar filtration systems with potentially higher contaminant removal efficiencies than those based on Fe0 or biochar alone. These three low-cost and chemical-free systems (Fe0, biochar, SSFs) have the potential to provide universal access to safe drinking water. However, a well-structured systematic research is needed to design robust and efficient water treatment systems based on these affordable filter materials. This communication highlights the technology being developed to use Fe0-based systems for decentralized safe drinking water provision. Future research directions for the design of the next generation Fe0-based systems are highlighted. It is shown that Fe0 enhances the efficiency of SSFs, while biochar has the potential to alleviate the loss of porosity and uncertainties arising from the non-linear kinetics of iron corrosion. Fe0-based systems are an affordable and applicable technology for small communities in low-income countries, which could contribute to attaining self-reliance in clean water supply and universal public health.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Byrne ◽  
Pilar A. Fernandez-Ibañez ◽  
Patrick S. M. Dunlop ◽  
Dheaya M. A. Alrousan ◽  
Jeremy W. J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Semiconductor Photocatalysis ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

It is estimated that 884 million people lack access to improved water supplies. Many more are forced to rely on supplies that are microbiologically unsafe, resulting in a higher risk of waterborne diseases, including typhoid, hepatitis, polio, and cholera. Due to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, there are around 4 billion cases of diarrhea each year resulting in 2.2 million deaths, most of these are children under five. While conventional interventions to improve water supplies are effective, there is increasing interest in household-based interventions to produce safe drinking water at an affordable cost for developing regions. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a simple and low cost technique used to disinfect drinking water, where water is placed in transparent containers and exposed to sunlight for 6 hours. There are a number of parameters which affect the efficacy of SODIS, including the solar irradiance, the quality of the water, and the nature of the contamination. One approach to SODIS enhancement is the use of semiconductor photocatalysis to produce highly reactive species that can destroy organic pollutants and inactivate water pathogens. This paper presents a critical review concerning semiconductor photocatalysis as a potential enhancement technology for solar disinfection of water.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project: A Baseline Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniceto C. Orbeta ◽  
Neeta Pokhrel ◽  
Saswati Ghosh Belliappa ◽  
Saugata Dasgupta ◽  
Arati Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental right of people. The West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project is assisting the Government of West Bengal to provide safe, sustainable, and inclusive drinking water services to over 1.65 million people in the arsenic, fluoride, and salinity-affected areas of Bankura, North and South 24 Parganas, and Purba Medinipur districts. This publication sets the baseline of the project by providing the benchmark comparison of primary outcomes for the project and non-project households, before implementation, so that an impact evaluation can be carried out at project completion.

scholarly journals Low cost carbon electrodes to produce salinity gradient energy using reverse electrodialysis membranes: Effect of feed flow velocities and addition of Mg2+

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Tsalis Wahyu Najmiyah ◽  
Lina Aziyah ◽  
Yusuf Hendrawan ◽  
Dewi Maya Maharani ◽  
La Choviya Hawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Flow Velocities

In this research , we investigate the effect of feed flow velocity in both monovalent (Na+) and divalent (Mg2+) salt water solutions to harvest the electrical energy from the reverse electro dialysis (RED) membranes module. The synthetic sea water solution uses 0.5 M concentration of salt and the synthetic river water salt concentration of 0.017 M were used. The carbon electrode was used, due to its low cost, higher melting point, and insoluble in water. Variation of feed flow velocities (sea water and synthetic river water) of 8 cm2/s, 14 cm2/s, 19 cm2/s were used, in addition to compare electrical energy produced from the used of monovalent and divalent ions. The best result was obtained by using the velocity of feed solution 19 cm2/s with the electricty value of 8.033 mV, 0.002 Ω/cm2 and power density of 1,141 mW/m2, while the influence of the addition of Mg2 + ion in the feed solution resulted the electricty value of 4.47 mV, 0.003 Ω/cm2 and power density of 0.15 mW/m2. Albeit the results, some more configuration is needed and worth to be investigated in the future.

Spring Health’s Tryst: Selling Safe Drinking Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Sumita Sindhi ◽  
Pranab Ranjan Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Indian States ◽  
East Indian ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Challenging Situation

The case talks about Spring Health Water India Private Limited (referred as SH), a social enterprise delivering safe drinking water to the millions who are earning less than $2 per day. Chairman of Spring Health Paul Polak, took up for-profit business venture as a measure to ensure health and poverty alleviation in rural areas. The idea is to provide affordable drinking water through decentralized delivery and utilizing local resources and grassroot entrepreneurs to keep the drinking water prices low. This venture provided extra income to some of the villagers — as entrepreneurs, business assistants, delivery boys, masons and plumbers, etc. Many innovative methods are adopted in the process to reach out to all social groups, in least possible time and at highly affordable prices. Effort is made to maximize customer base by using marketing techniques which are culturally and socially sensitive. Technology used in the process of chlorination is simple and with little knowledge/experience a villager can handle it too. It is a low cost technology and hence utilizes less resources, which are easily available and do not require high costs of handling and managing. The target is to reach 200 million people in the coming years covering East Indian states of Odisha, Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Jharkhand. To reach such scale, it requires concerted efforts on the part of company and a lot of funding support. Launch at each new village is a new challenge. Convincing rural masses on safe drinking water is a challenge and selling water with a price tag is not readily accepted in rural areas. Chairman Paul Polak and CEO Kishan Nanavati have a challenging situation of convincing people to buy safe drinking water and to mobilize funds for further expansion.

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