Observation on Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Sputum Culture of Respiratory Department

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

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Effect of drug resistance on negative conversion of sputum culture in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 64-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joohae Kim ◽

Nakwon Kwak ◽

Ha Youn Lee ◽

Taek Soo Kim ◽

Chang-Ki Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Negative Conversion

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Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Rotten Fruits from Different Areas of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2019/v30i430190 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mahmuda Akhter Akhi ◽

Avijit Banik ◽

Oshin Ghurnee ◽

Nantu Chandra Das ◽

Showmitro Nondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Street Vendors ◽

E Coli ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Fruits are highly nutritious, sources of vitamins, minerals, fibers etc. and these are part of our daily diet. However, during cultivation, harvesting, transportation, handling fruits get contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms which leads to severe problems to community. Owning to this point, in current research, bacteriological analysis was performed on Sofeda, Pineapple, Grape, Banana, Apple, Orange, Guava, papaya, Jujube and Starfruit. Total 50 samples were randomly collected from market and street vendors of Dhaka city. Higher numbers of rotten fruits were present in wholesale markets. 35 strains were isolated which included Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylocoous aureus and E. coli. They were identified using biochemical test and antibiogram for selective isolates. In case of drug resistance of isolates, majority exhibited resistance against Erythromycin, Vancomycin and Amoxycillin and showing sensitivity against Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. It was observed in the current study that 100% isolates were resistant against Erythromycin, followed by Amoxycillin 90.63% and vancomycin 86.25%, where only 35.27% isolates were resistant against Ciprofloxacin. In case of sensitivity 64.73% isolates were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin followed by Ceftriaxone 66.25%.

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Analysis of Flora Distribution and Drug Resistance in Sputum Culture from Patients with Lung Cancer

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.625 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 625-629

Author(s):

Feng Hao ◽

Rui Ze Ma ◽

Xue Yan Wang ◽

Hui Jing Xu ◽

Fang Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Culture Method ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

High Drug ◽

Lung Cancer Patients ◽

Resistance To Penicillin ◽

And Control

Abstract. Lung cancer takes the first place among all the cancer mortality and then it becomes important to study how to use antibiotics reasonably during clinical treating. Now we analyze lung cancer patients’ sputum samples Flora distribution and drug resistance and results are as follows. According to retrospective study, we analyzed lung cancer patients and identify the bacterial with routine sputum culture method strictly. At the same time, we use SPSS 19.0 soft to take a statistical analysis and judge flora drug resistance with CLSI. In the sputum culture , the rate of G- bacillus is 69.1% and it has high drug-resistance to cephalosporin, ampicillin and piperacillin, and it is sensitive to imipenem fairly.The rate of G+ coccus is 10.1% and it is resistance to penicillin, ampicillin , oxacillin and erythromycin ,and is sensitive to vancomycin . The rate of fungi is 20.8% and has obvious resistance to Pyrroles. The clinic should care more about the quality of the sputum samples, use targeted and reasonable antibiotics and control the flora drug-resistance .

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No ntuberculous Mycobacteria

BIOpreparations Prevention Diagnosis Treatment ◽

10.30895/2221-996x-2020-20-2-97-102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

M. V. Makarova ◽

L. D. Guntupova

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Species Differences ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Extensive Drug Resistance ◽

The World ◽

Genus Mycobacterium

There has been a sharp increase in the number of diseases associated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, which differ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria are known as atypical mycobacteria or nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), and the diseases they cause are called mycobacteriosis. NTMs include more than 20 species of acid-resistant microorganisms that are widespread in the environment and that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex. However, the role of certain types of NTMs in the pathogenesis of human diseases is rather ambiguous. The aim of the paper was to analyse the current rise in the incidence of NTM diseases, as well as the main areas of research on early diagnosis of mycobacteriosis and the detection and testing of drug susceptibility of these microorganisms. The paper summarises current views on NTM species differences, their prevalence and pathogenicity for humans and animals. The authors analysed the main efforts aimed at diagnosis and treatment of NTM diseases. The paper cites the results of the study of NTM susceptibility/resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The diagnosis of mycobacteriosis remains extremely difficult, mainly because of the similarity of the clinico-radiological evidence with that of tuberculosis. Detection of NTM multiple and extensive drug resistance to the majority of anti-tuberculosis drugs complicates the treatment of the NTM disease. Further study of various aspects of NTM diseases is especially important given the increase in the incidence and prevalence of mycobacteriosis all over the world, challenging differential diagnosis, and detection of NTM extensive drug resistance.

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Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Drug-resistant Tuberculosis receiving Bedaquiline or Delamanid Containing Regimens

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz1107 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R R Kempker ◽

L Mikiashvili ◽

Y Zhao ◽

D Benkeser ◽

K Barbakadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Acquired Drug Resistance ◽

Sputum Culture Conversion ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Conversion Rates ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Culture Conversion

Abstract Background Bedaquiline and delamanid are newly available drugs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB); however, there is limited data guiding their use and no comparison studies. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study among patients with MDR TB in Georgia receiving a bedaquiline or delamanid-based treatment regimen. Monthly sputum cultures, minimal inhibitory concentration testing, and adverse event monitoring were performed. Primary outcomes were culture conversion rates and clinical outcomes. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) and superlearning were utilized to produce a covariate-adjusted proportion of outcomes for each regimen. Results Among 156 patients with MDR TB, 100 were enrolled and 95 were receiving a bedaquiline (n=64) or delamanid (n=31) based regimen. Most were male (82%) and the median age was 38 years. Rates of previous treatment (56%) and cavitary disease (61%) were high. The most common companion drugs included linezolid, clofazimine, cycloserine and a fluoroquinolone. Median effective drugs received among patients on bedaquiline (4, IQR 4-4) and delamanid (4, IQR 3.5-5) based regimens were similar. Rates of acquired drug resistance were significantly higher among patients receiving delamanid versus bedaquiline (36% vs. 10%, p <0.01). Adjusted rates of sputum culture conversion at two months (67 vs. 47%, p=0.10) and six months (95 vs. 74%, p<0.01) and favorable clinical outcomes (96 vs. 72%, p<0.01) were higher among patients receiving bedaquiline versus delamanid. Conclusions Among patients with MDR TB, bedaquiline-based regimens were associated with higher rates of sputum culture conversion and favorable outcomes and a lower rate of acquired drug resistance versus delamanid-based regimens.

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Acquired Drug Resistance During the Turnaround Time for Drug Susceptibility Testing Impacts Outcome of Tuberculosis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-850449/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiahui Zhu ◽

Lina Davies Forsman ◽

Ziwei Bao ◽

Yan Xie ◽

Zhu Ning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Acquired Drug Resistance ◽

Culture Conversion

Abstract BackgroundThe impacts of acquired resistance to first-line drugs (FLDs) during turnaround time (TAT) for drug susceptibility testing (DST) are still unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impacts of acquired resistance to FLDs during TAT for DST on tuberculosis (TB) standard treatment.MethodWe performed a prospective cohort study between 2013 and 2018 in China, including sputum culture-positive TB patients with a baseline DST result for a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolate collected at TB diagnosis and a follow-up DST result for a Mtb isolate collected when baseline DST result became available. Mtb isolates with acquired drug resistance were identified by the comparison between baseline and follow-up DST. Treatment outcome were evaluated by sputum culture conversion and World Health Organization (WHO) treatment outcome definitions. ResultsIn total, 65 patients with Mtb isolates with acquired resistance to any FLDs and 130 patients with consistent drug susceptibility profile were included in the analysis. In a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, acquired pyrazinamide-resistance (aHR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.36-0.81) and acquired isoniazid-resistance (aHR 0.50, 95%CI: 0.29-0.85) were associated with prolonged time to sputum culture conversion. Furthermore, independent risk factors of treatment failure included acquired INH-resistance (aOR 7.64, 95%CI: 2.39-16.08) and acquired PZA-resistance (aOR 5.71, 95%CI: 2.31-14.12).ConclusionThe association between acquisition of drug resistance and treatment outcome highlights the importance of shortening the turnaround time of DST.

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800. Drug-Resistant TB: An Experience From Qatar

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy210.807 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S287-S287

Author(s):

Maisa Ali ◽

Faraj Alhowady ◽

Waqar Munir ◽

Muna Almaslamani ◽

Abdulatif Alkhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Disease Patient ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sputum Culture Conversion ◽

Culture Conversion

Abstract Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is an important issue for public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics, treatment outcome, and risk factors associated with 223 DR-TB cases in the State of Qatar. Methods A descriptive records-based retrospective study was conducted on patients registered at Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Qatar to all consecutive microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis cases for the period January 2010–March 2015. Demographic and clinical data extracted included: patient’s age, sex, and country of origin; disease site (pulmonary or extra-pulmonary); presence of comorbidities, HIV/AIDS status, previous chemoprophylaxis and/or previous treatment for TB, and anti-TB drug resistance the resistance pattern of isolated mycobacteria. The sputum culture conversion rate and treatment outcome was assessed for the patient who completed their treatment in Qatar Results Of 3,301 patients with positive M. tuberculosis culture were analyzed; 223 (6.7%) were resistant to one or more first-line drugs, to isoniazid in 3.1% (n = 102), streptomycin in 1.2% (n = 41), rifampicin in 0.2% (n = 6), ethambutol in 0.15% (n = 5), and multi-drug resistance in 1.2% (n = 38) of patients. Among the resistant TB patients, more common demographic characteristics were former resident of Indian subcontinent (64.1%). A history of anti-TB treatment was not a risk factor with drug resistance in our cohort. Only 111 (49.7%) patients were tested for HIV antibodies and the results were all negative. There was significant correlation between the type of drug-resistance and CXR finding (23.3% had cavity—P = 0.019). Sputum culture conversion to negative at 2 month of therapy was 94% (n = 101), whereas 122 cases lost follow-up. The outcome of treatment was assessed for 85 resistant cases with follow-up after completion of treatment, show cure rate of 97.6%, and relapse of 2.4%. However, 137 cases (61.4% from total) they left the country before completion of therapy. Conclusion Drug-resistant TB in Qatar is influenced by migration, especially from the Indian subcontinent, where the patients were probably infected. Rapid sputum sampling performed in the early stages of the disease, patient isolation, and drug susceptibility testing should be the standard of care to avoid further transmission and improve TB control. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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