scholarly journals Principles and Historical Factors of Consent in Forming the Unity of the People of Kazakhstan

Al-Farabi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
A. Yerzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
History Of

In the modern world, it is difficult to find a problem that is more urgent than the achievement of agreement between different cultural and civilizational paradigms and coordination of actions. The article provides for the analysis of the theoretical concept of consent in the historical development of Kazakhstan, taking into account the strategies of the global dialogue of cultures and the explication of this concept in the Kazakh public space. The formation of the Kazakh concept of consent and its main principles in the history of Kazakhstan is revealed.

Sectarianism in Iraq – a critique by Ali Al-Wardi

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Jabir Kadhem al-Zurfi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Impact

The Arab world today is encountering a destructive resurgence of sectarianism, which, up to a few years ago, had been confined to books and rhetorical debates. In the first half of the 20th century, Iraqi sociologist Ali Al-Wardi pioneered the critique of sectarianism in the Arab world. Unlike others, he approached the issue from a specific and unique perspective. His observations of Iraqi history were made from a sociological standpoint that aimed at revealing the impact of sectarianism on Iraqi politics. Al-Wardi's writings were carried out to two phases: the first extends from the early 1950s to the early 1960s; and the second covers the period between the publication of his two books, Study on the Nature of Iraqi Society (the year of publication is unknown) and Social Briefs from the Modern History of Iraq (1971). The first phase focused on Islam's heritage and a number of social phenomena; the second focused exclusively on the study of Iraqi society. A number of factors influenced Al-Wardi's personality and thinking, a fact especially evident in the kind of methodology he used, which was new when addressing the sectarian issue. Based on Al-Wardi's research, this paper traces the historical factors and process that affected the historical development of the divisions separating two main sects of Islam – Shi'a and Sunni – resulting in a duel between them, which led to the configuration of Iraqi society along sectarian lines. It elaborates on the methodology used by Al-Wardi in his studies of Iraqi society, as well as his attitude with regard to sectarianism in modern Iraq. It also explores the intellectual and political influences that helped shape his thinking in this domain and its legacy on sociological thought in the Arab world.

The historical development of the language - the basis of human history

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Murodova Nigora
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
National Language ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Culture And Language

The study of the national language is largely dependent on the study of the history of the people who speak the language. The people are the creators of their own culture and language as well as the creators of their own history. We study the history and culture of the people by learning the language. It is directly related to the study of the linguistic features of the dialects that exist in the language. As is known, everything that occurs in social life is reflected first and foremost in the vocabulary of the language. But over time, some words become consumed and gradually forgotten. Such words are mainly related to the material way of life of the people, but are also a rich source of information about the ethnos' history. This article discusses such words that are preserved in Uzbek dialects of Navoi region.

Intersubjectivity and the diachronic development of counterfactual almost

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Ziegeler
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Late Modern

Former studies have attributed little attention to the historical factors surrounding the development of counterfactual meanings in almost, though some refer to evidence of expletive negation found in proximatives crosslinguistically. In this study, the historical development of the adverb will be considered in investigating more recent data from Late Modern English, in which an overwhelming number of counterfactual uses appear with a complement referring to undesirable events, some even hyperbolic in nature. It is hypothesised that the presence of intersubjectivity contributed significantly to the development of counterfactual meanings, in focusing attention on the aversion of, rather than the proximity to, the event described in the complement. Intersubjectivity also explains the evidence of expletive negation in proximatives in other languages though this is not attested in the history of English almost.

scholarly journals The historical parallels between today's events in the Donbass and the pages of its past of hundred years ago, when this region was in the center of a fierce struggle between different political forces, social strata, and hostile groups are analyzed in this article. The main attention is focused on the investigation of attempts to create an anti-Ukrainian identity in the Donbass based on the use of prepared facts of events related to the history of the creation and short-term existence of the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic. It was determined that during almost the entire period of Ukraine’s independence in the Donbas, with the active participation of the Kremlin, Soviet and imperial interpretations of history were spread, ideas of a special regional identity were formed, and the ideological basis of anti-Ukrainian insinuations was created. At the same time, history was used as a kind of propaganda, and manipulation of the past. It was one of the main strategies of anti-Ukrainian forces in the Donbass. Stereotypes were instilled that this region is the territory of the formation of "novoros", "the people of Donbass", who have their own mentality and even traditions of statehood, unrelated to the history of Ukraine. All this became the ideological basis of the bloody events associated with the attempt to create in 2014 the so-called "people’s republics" in the territory of Donbass. Pseudo-referendums were held in this region, pseudo-independent republics headed by puppet governments, fully controlled by the Kremlin, were proclaimed like a hundred years ago, in order to restore imperial domination in Ukraine, according to the experience of the Bolsheviks. On the example of historical parallels of personal destinies of people who are forced one way or another to lead regional separatist movements or become puppets in the hands of external puppeteers by the revolutionary events of both a hundred years ago and today. It is reminded of the inadmissibility of ignoring the laws of historical development.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Oleh Levin ◽  
Oleh Poplavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Time History ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of

The historical parallels between today's events in the Donbass and the pages of its past of hundred years ago, when this region was in the center of a fierce struggle between different political forces, social strata, and hostile groups are analyzed in this article. The main attention is focused on the investigation of attempts to create an anti-Ukrainian identity in the Donbass based on the use of prepared facts of events related to the history of the creation and short-term existence of the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic. It was determined that during almost the entire period of Ukraine’s independence in the Donbas, with the active participation of the Kremlin, Soviet and imperial interpretations of history were spread, ideas of a special regional identity were formed, and the ideological basis of anti-Ukrainian insinuations was created. At the same time, history was used as a kind of propaganda, and manipulation of the past. It was one of the main strategies of anti-Ukrainian forces in the Donbass. Stereotypes were instilled that this region is the territory of the formation of "novoros", "the people of Donbass", who have their own mentality and even traditions of statehood, unrelated to the history of Ukraine. All this became the ideological basis of the bloody events associated with the attempt to create in 2014 the so-called "people’s republics" in the territory of Donbass. Pseudo-referendums were held in this region, pseudo-independent republics headed by puppet governments, fully controlled by the Kremlin, were proclaimed like a hundred years ago, in order to restore imperial domination in Ukraine, according to the experience of the Bolsheviks. On the example of historical parallels of personal destinies of people who are forced one way or another to lead regional separatist movements or become puppets in the hands of external puppeteers by the revolutionary events of both a hundred years ago and today. It is reminded of the inadmissibility of ignoring the laws of historical development.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF PRE-ROMAN HISTORY OF SPAIN AND MODERN TIME: WHERE ARE SOURCES OF SEPARATISM?

2013 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
A. A. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
The People ◽  
Safe State ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis

Presently in collective consciousness there was a steady perception of Spain as the safe state entering into group of the countries, being a support of the European integration. The impression was made that Spain, despite difficulties of its historical development, at last found the national identity, having created from regions and national lands making it the new multicultural community fastened in a whole by a tolerant, educated and authoritative monarchy. However the world economic crisis which has begun in 2008 destroyed the Spanish idyll, having aggravated old and having generated new contradictions. Traditionally painful problem for Spain was existence of centrifugal tendencies at the heart of which two main reasons lay: manifestations of the nationalism peculiar to those areas where Catalan, Basque and Galician nationalities historically lived, and a regionalism caused by aspiration of local elite to bigger distance from Madrid. Considering features of pre-Roman history of Spain, the author seeks to understand, whether sources of modern separatism can originate in an extreme antiquity. Following the results of research the conclusion is drawn that most boldly "link of times" is traced on the example of Basques, the part of which intellectual elite seeks to use features of origin and historical development of these people for a reinforcement of current nationalist and separatist trends. The author considers that the history has to serve as the bridge between the people, instead of put up between them a new wall.

scholarly journals Literasi informasi masyarakat Desa Paseban, Kecamatan Kencong, Kabupaten Jember melalui budaya ‘marung’

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Tri Widiyawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Credibility ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Village

The ‘marung’ culture is a custom of the people of Paseban village. The ‘marung’ activity is a means to relax after work, ward off feelings of loneliness by meeting neighbors, and sharing information. This becomes a potential for information literacy. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the factors underlying the formation of ‘marung’ culture and information literacy. The research method used qualitative research method. The data collection technique used was observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis steps in this study were (1) condensation of data, (2) presentation of data, and (3) drawing conclusions and verification. The data credibility test used: source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. The result of this study showed ‘marung’ culture was formed based on the history of the village community to set strategies of defending themselves from Dutch colonialism by creating ‘cangkrukan’/gathering habits. After the Dutch colonial period ended, this ‘cangkrukan’ habit became attached to the village community. The ‘warung’ was considered the most strategic place for ‘cangkrukan’. This place can accommodate all people from various backgrounds to chat, have fun, establish ‘silaturahmi’/hospitality, relax from daily activities, and get the information needed. ‘Marung’ culture fulfills four cultural systems, namely: culture, social, personality, and organism. ‘Marung’ culture is very closely related to information literacy and Hubermas' theory of public space. The Paseban village community has implemented the IFLA information literacy standard in supporting its work, from the access, evaluation, to usage stages.

scholarly journals Modern-Day Public Space in the Historical Context of a City – New Development of the Cathedral Square (Domplatz) in Hamburg/ Współczesna Przestrzeń Publiczna W Hsitorycznym Kontekście Miasta – Nowe Zagospodarowanie Placu Katedralnego (Domplatz) W Hamburgu

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Renata Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
History Of

Abstract The article presents the history of transforming one of the oldest places in Hamburg - the Cathedral Square (Domplatz), as well as the influence of historical factors on the conception behind its development. A tumultuous history, especially the consequences of World War II, has led to the diminishment of its historical significance. The undeveloped quarter once occupied by a prehistoric settlement and St. Mary's Cathedral functioned as an urban wasteland and a parking lot for a few decades. Attempts to change this state of things proved unsuccessful. Currently, revitalization works aimed at renewing city centers are being realized more and more often, in order to make them become competitive against the overly developed suburbs and so as to return to the tradition of forming a European city. The green area established in the Cathedral Square in 2009 was to be built-up initially, but owing to the objection of urban communities - conservators, archeologists, politicians, as well as public opinion, such plans were abandoned. The proposed and realized current form of the square reflects the historical background of the city and honors the importance of the location. The article refers the described example to the Recommendation signed in 2011 by the UNESCO General Conference regarding Historic Urban Landscape.

The History of the Rule of Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Patrik Holterhus
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretic Foundations

The article discusses the historical development of the rule of law’s basic principles. While indications of societies governed by law can be traced back to early civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia, what today is understood as the rule of law, is, however, a remarkable and continuous historical ascendency of a theoretical concept forged in the century-lasting struggle of subjecting governmental powers to law. Applying a broad perspective, the article first assesses the rule of law’s early antecedents in ancient Sumer, Babylonia, Rome, and Athens. It then examines the rule of law’s theoretic foundations in the Middle Ages and the concept’s advancements through the Enlightenment-fostered intellectual and religious revolutions. Finally, against this background, it takes a particular look at the rule of law’s consolidation, advancement, and proliferation in the 19th and 20th centuries.

1. Introduction to equity and trusts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Gary Watt
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
English Law

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The trust is an important invention of equity, a branch of English law compatible with common law. The history of equity oscillates between compatibility and competition with common law. This chapter serves as an introduction to equity and trusts. It outlines the major stages in the historical development of equity and trusts, examines the theoretical distinction between equity and the common law, explains how to correctly use the maxims and doctrines of equity, and discusses the distinction between equity as an inventive, flexible, remedial branch of law, and equitable institutions that are now settled and established, including the trust and the mortgage. The chapter also considers equity in relation to morality, co-operative remedies in equity and common law, equity and crime, and equity and restitution, before concluding with an assessment of the place of equity in the modern world and its possible future development.

A Short History of Police and Policing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Emsley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The police are constantly under scrutiny. They are criticized for failings, praised for successes, and hailed as heroes for their sacrifices. Starting from the premise that every society has norms and ways of dealing with transgressors, this book traces the evolution of the multiple forms of ‘policing’ that existed in the past. It examines the historical development of the various bodies, individuals, and officials who carried these out in different societies, in Europe and European colonies, but also with reference to countries such as ancient Egypt, China, and the United States. By demonstrating that policing was never the exclusive dominion of the police, and that the institution of the police, as we know it today, is a relatively recent creation, the book explores the idea and reality of policing, and shows how an institution we now call ‘the police’ came to be virtually universal in our modern world.

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