Heat Transfer in Steel Ladles: Models and Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. M. Diniz ◽  
Patrick M. Ciarelli ◽  
Evandro O. T. Salles ◽  
Klaus F. Coco
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Future Perspectives

This work presents a summary of the main tools and contributions, since the 2000s, to solve temperature control problems and to predict thermal temperatures in steel ladles. We discuss different modeling strategies implemented to several applications related to heat transfer in steel ladles and their most relevant contributions, as well we show some of the main process parameters. Finally, future perspectives are described, mainly the advantages of the implementations based on machine learning.

scholarly journals Shoulder Related Temperature Thresholds in FSSW of Aluminium Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
David G. Andrade ◽  
Sree Sabari ◽  
Carlos Leitão ◽  
Dulce M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Diameter

Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is assumed as an environment-friendly technique, suitable for the spot welding of several materials. Nevertheless, it is consensual that the temperature control during the process is not feasible, since the exact heat generation mechanisms are still unknown. In current work, the heat generation in FSSW of aluminium alloys, was assessed by producing bead-on-plate spot welds using pinless tools. Coated and uncoated tools, with varied diameters and rotational speeds, were tested. Heat treatable (AA2017, AA6082 and AA7075) and non-heat treatable (AA5083) aluminium alloys were welded to assess any possible influence of the base material properties on heat generation. A parametric analysis enabled to establish a relationship between the process parameters and the heat generation. It was found that for rotational speeds higher than 600 rpm, the main process parameter governing the heat generation is the tool diameter. For each tool diameter, a threshold in the welding temperature was identified, which is independent of the rotational speed and of the aluminium alloy being welded. It is demonstrated that, for aluminium alloys, the temperature in FSSW may be controlled using a suitable combination of rotational speed and tool dimensions. The temperature evolution with process parameters was modelled and the model predictions were found to fit satisfactorily the experimental results.

scholarly journals A Review of Computer-Aided Expert Systems for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Xin Yu Liew ◽  
Nazia Hameed ◽  
Jeremie Clos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Impact

A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) expert system is a powerful tool to efficiently assist a pathologist in achieving an early diagnosis of breast cancer. This process identifies the presence of cancer in breast tissue samples and the distinct type of cancer stages. In a standard CAD system, the main process involves image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, classification, and performance evaluation. In this review paper, we reviewed the existing state-of-the-art machine learning approaches applied at each stage involving conventional methods and deep learning methods, the comparisons within methods, and we provide technical details with advantages and disadvantages. The aims are to investigate the impact of CAD systems using histopathology images, investigate deep learning methods that outperform conventional methods, and provide a summary for future researchers to analyse and improve the existing techniques used. Lastly, we will discuss the research gaps of existing machine learning approaches for implementation and propose future direction guidelines for upcoming researchers.

Nondegeneracy of optimality conditions in control problems for a radiative–conductive heat transfer model

2016 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Yu. Chebotarev ◽  
Andrey E. Kovtanyuk ◽  
Gleb V. Grenkin ◽  
Nikolai D. Botkin ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Optimality Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Conductive Heat Transfer ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Conductive Heat

Formability of Explosive Welded Mg/Al Bimetallic Bar

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mróz ◽  
Piotr Szota ◽  
Teresa Bajor ◽  
Andrzej Stefanik
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Welding Method

The paper presents the results of physical modelling of the plastic deformation of the Mg/Al bimetallic specimens using the Gleeble 3800 simulator. The plastic deformation of Mg/Al bimetal specimens characterized by the diameter to thickness ratio equal to 1 was tested in compression tests. The aim of this work was determination of the range of parameters as temperature and strain rate that mainly influence on the plastic deformation of Mg/Al bars during metal forming processes. The tests were carried out for temperature range from 300 to 400°C for different strain rate values. The stock was round 22.5 mm-diameter with an Al layer share of 28% Mg/Al bars that had been produced using the explosive welding method. Based on the analysis of the obtained testing results it has been found that one of the main process parameters influencing the plastic deformation the bimetal components is the initial stock temperature and strain rate values.

Quality Monitoring and Prospects of Wire Bonding

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1156-1160
Author(s):  
Ge Ge Mei ◽  
Bin Jin ◽  
Wei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Microelectronic Packaging ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Semiconductor Packaging

Wire bonding is rapidly developmental technology of microelectronic packaging nearly half a century and become the main trend of semiconductor packaging field currently. This article introduces the main process parameters influencing on bonding quality, the methods to improve the bonding reliability, and prospects of developmental tendency of wire bonding.

Modelling of Thermal Quantities for Quick Process Assessment and Process Capability Space Refinement at an Early Design Phase During Laser Welding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Mohan ◽  
Dariusz Ceglarek ◽  
Michael Auinger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Process Assessment

Abstract This research aims at understanding the impact of welding process parameters and beam oscillation on the weld thermal cycle during laser welding. A three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed to simulate the welding process, based on the finite element (FE) method. The calculated thermal cycle and weld morphology are in good agreement with experimental results from literature. By utilizing the developed heat transfer model, the effect of welding process parameters such as heat source power, welding speed, radius of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation on the intermediate performance indicators (IPIs) such as peak temperature, heat-affected zone volume (HAZ), and cooling rate is quantified. Parametric contour maps for peak temperature, HAZ volume, and cooling rate are developed for the estimation of the process capability space. An integrated approach for rapid process assessment, process capability space refinement, based on IPIs is proposed. The process capability space will guide the identification of the initial welding process parameters window and help in reducing the number of experiments required by refining the feasible region of process parameters based on the interactions with the IPIs. Here, the peak temperature indicates the mode of welding performed while the HAZ volume and cooling rate are weld quality indicators. The regression relationship between the welding process parameters and the IPIs is established for quick estimation of IPIs to replace time-consuming numerical simulations. The proposed approach provides a unique ability to simulate the laser welding process and provides a robust range of process parameters.

Research on Warpage of Polystyrene in Selective Laser Sintering

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Wang ◽  
Q. Dong ◽  
X.X. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Hatch Spacing

Warpage is a crucial factor to accuracy of sintering part in selective laser sintering (SLS) process. In this paper, The influence of process parameters on warpage when sintering polystyrene(PS) materials in SLS are investigated. The laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, layer thickness as well as temperature of powder are considered as the main process parameters. The results showed that warpage increases with the increase of hatch space. Contary to it, warpage decreases with the increase of laser power. Warpage decreases with the increase of layer thickness between 0.16~0.18mm and changes little with increase of the thickness. Warpage increases along with the increase of scanning speed but decreases when the speed is over about 2000mm/s. When the temperature changes between 82°C-86°C, warpage decreases little with the increase of temperature. But further increase of temperature leads to warpage decreasing sharply when the temperature changes between 86°C-90°C.

Large-Diameter Line Pipe Expanding Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Xia He ◽  
Rong Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Array Optimization

Mechanical expanding process for large diameter line pipe, a detailed analysis of factors affecting the quality of the final products of the mechanical expansion and proposed optimization using orthogonal array optimization method, as an indicator of dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the products, combination of a variety of specifications of mechanical expanding products, the main process parameters to be optimized. Analysis and discussion of results, revealing the degree of influence of various factors on the quality of the final product, and gives the optimum combination of the results. Experiments show that the combination of optimized process parameters, and more help to improve the accuracy of the size and shape of products.

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