scholarly journals Surveillance of Brucella in Red Meat Sold at Retail Outlets

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Dhary Alewy Almashhadany
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Positive Results

Brucellosis in the Middle East is endemic and is associated with health burdens and economic losses for animals and humans. Transmission of Brucella from animal hosts to humans is prevalent in endemic areas, especially developing countries. This study aimed at screening for the brucellae in different fresh red meat sold in retail markets in Erbil city, Iraq. A total of 410 samples were collected between July and December 2019 and analyzed by serological and bacteriological tests for Brucella spp. by Rose Bengal Test (RBT), ELISA, and traditional bacterial culture. The prevalence of Brucella was 9.3, 7.8 and 7.1 % by RBT, ELISA, and bacteriological analysis, respectively. Both B. abortus and B. melitensis were detected in 3.17 % and 3.90 % of collected samples, respectively. In terms of seasonal variation, autumn was found to be associated with a decrease in seroprevalence. RBT was found to be suitable for ruling out the disease, but its positive results should be confirmed. The overall prevalence of Brucella in meat or the source livestock is alarming and requires considerable actions to prevent the transmission of brucellae to humans. HIGHLIGHTS The prevalence of Brucella in meat samples sold in Erbil is ~ 7 - 10 % Rose Bengal Test is convenient ruling out the disease in animals but its positive results should be confirmed The seasonality of Brucella in livestock of Erbil showed slight decrease during the autumn season GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Application of Rose Bengal Test and ELISA in Meat Juice for Monitoring of Brucellosis among Cattle Carcasses at Erbil City, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dhary Alewy AL MASHHADANY
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Meat Juice ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
Meat Samples

Brucellosis is a global zoonotic bacterial disease. It is also an ever-increasing public health concern, particularly in endemic regions such as Kurdistan region in Middle East. Samples of meat juice were screened for anti-Brucella antibodies via Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and ELISA from January to June 2018. Bacteriological isolation of Brucella sp. from meat samples was also performed. The overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis is 7.7%, 6.6%, and 4.9% by RBT, ELISA, and culture-based test respectively. Based on sensitivity and specificity, ELISA outperforms RBT in comparison to culture results as the gold standard test. Nonetheless, both tests showed good efficiency in comparison to culture approach. In terms of temporal changes of brucellosis rate, spring progress is strongly associated (r²=0.96) with increase in seroprevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Erbil city is alarming. Countermeasures should be taken to mitigate the economic losses and transmission to human.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the European Four-Plate Test as a Tool for Screening Antibiotic Residues in Meat Samples from Retail Outlets

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve Okerman ◽  
Jan van Hoof ◽  
Wim Debeuckelaere
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Tetracycline Residues ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract A modified 4-plate test was used to screen 4795 meat samples from retail outlets in the European Community (EC). This microbial inhibition test uses 3 media seeded with Bacillus subtilis at different pH values (6, 7.2, or 8) and a fourth medium seeded with Micrococcus luteus. Positive samples were confirmed by a receptor test for macrolides, a thin-layer chromatographic method for sulfonamides, or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for tetracyclines. Inhibition on M. luteus plates, often by beef and veal samples, could not be confirmed. Circumstantial evidence indicated these test results had to be considered presumptively false positives. Of the samples, 95 inhibited at least one plate seeded with B. subtilis. Usually, samples were positive on more than one plate: 70 samples were positive on all 3 plates, and only 6 samples did not inhibit the plate at pH 6. The majority of positive results on plates seeded with B. subtilis, 77 of 89 samples tested, contained tetracycline antibiotics. One sample also contained sulfadimidine. Two other samples contained high levels of enrofloxacine and ciprofloxacine. The 4-plate test is not sensitive enough to detect sulfonamides and quinolones at the EC maximum residue limits, but higher levels may cause inhibition. The 4-plate test can be used to detect meat samples containing tetracycline residues, but the method is too complicated when used only for that purpose.

scholarly journals Detection of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle in Turen District Malang Regency using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Imbi Kusumastuti ◽  
Wiwiek Tyasningsih ◽  
Ratih Novita Praja ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
Maya Nurwartanti Yunita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Positive Results

The purpose of this research was to detect Brucellosis in female dairy cattle in Turen District, Malang Regency. A total of 78 samples were used in this research taken from 351 total population of female dairy cattle that have been calculated based on the slovin formula. The methods used in this research were Rose Bengal Test (RBT) for the screening test and continued with Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for the confirmation test. The results RBT of this research clearly showed that positive results from 10 samples were confirmed as a final diagnostic test of Brucellosis using CFT. CFT showed a positive result from 9 samples and negative in 1 sample. The percentage of Brucellosis occurrence in the Turen District was recorded at 11.5%. Moreover, Turen District also became an area with a high Brucellosis occurrence (>2%).

scholarly journals The Rose Bengal Test in Human Brucellosis: A Neglected Test for the Diagnosis of a Neglected Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Díaz ◽  
Aurora Casanova ◽  
Javier Ariza ◽  
Ignacio Moriyón
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Rose

scholarly journals Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) molecular profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Catarina de Bortoli Munhae ◽  
Vanderlei Geraldo Martins ◽  
Cintia Martins ◽  
Odair Correa Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Founder Effect ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Positive Results

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), also known as ground pearl, is a root cochineal found in viticultures in several Brazilian states. It causes economic losses and is difficult to control. Given the difficulty in morphologically identifying the group, the current study aims to trace the ground pearl molecular profile by assuming that there is more than one species of this cochineal in the country. Ground pearl samples were collected in Rio Grande do Sul (Flores da Cunha and Pinto Bandeira Counties), Santa Catarina (Videira and Pinheiro Preto Counties), São Paulo (São Roque, São Miguel Arcanjo, Louveira and Indaiatuba Counties) and Pernambuco States (Petrolina County). Subsequently, the COI, ITS and 28S genes as well as the 18 RAPD primers were analyzed. The COI and ITS gene primers were not successfully amplified. The 28S gene analysis formed two clades and the RAPD analysis formed three groups. The genetic and geographic distances among the herein analyzed samples were positive. Results allow inferring the existence of at least two ground pearl groups in the analyzed areas. Two hypotheses are presented in order to explain the cochineal groups' separation: (i) the founder effect action and (ii) the regional species independence. However, it is necessary to conduct complementary molecular studies using other genes as well as studies on the group taxonomy and basic biology to explain the ground pearl phylogeny.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of yadA-Positive Yersinia enterocolitica in Pig Tongues and Minced Meat at the Retail Level in Finland

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA FREDRIKSSON-AHOMAA ◽  
SEBASTIAN HIELM ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Conventional Culture Method

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the prevalence of yadA-positive Yersinia enterocolitica in pig tongues and minced meat at the retail level in Finland and to confirm the yadA-positive Y. enterocolitica isolates recovered from the same samples using the conventional culture method. A total of 51 pig tongues purchased at 12 retail outlets and 255 minced meat samples purchased at 40 retail outlets in the Helsinki area were studied. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica carrying the yadA gene was 92% in pig tongues and 25% in minced meat using PCR and 78% in tongues and 2% in minced meat with the culture method. The prevalence of yadA-positive tongues was higher (98%) when both PCR- and culture-positive results were included because Y. enterocolitica carrying the yadA gene could also be isolated in three PCR-negative tongue samples. In the minced meat samples, all PCR-negative samples were also culture-negative. With the culture method, 66 of 80 yadA-positive isolates in 38 tongues and all yadA-positive isolates (4) in four minced meat samples were recovered after selective enrichment. A total of 92 isolates of Y. enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 in tongues and 5 isolates in minced meat were found, of which 13% in tongues and 20% in minced meat did not carry the yadA gene.

scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from grilled chicken meat sold at retail outlets in Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhary A. Almashhadany
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Meat Samples

Food borne salmonellosis is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to detect the occurrence and antibiotics sensitivity of Salmonella species in grilled chicken meat sold at retail outlets in Erbil City, Kurdistan, Iraq. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) samples were aseptically collected from central and suburb retail outlets. For isolation of salmonellae, samples were cultured on selective media and tested for their susceptibility to common antibiotics by disk diffusion assay. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of Salmonella among grilled chicken meat samples was 7.1%. The isolates belonged to eight different serotypes of Salmonella. These include S. Typhimurium, S. Tennessee, S. Newport, S. Enteritidis, S. Anatum, S. Arizona, S. Muenchen, and S. Montevideo. The antibiotic resistance profile revealed a total resistance to Levofloxacin and total sensitivity to Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin, and Cefadroxil. This resistance among Salmonella may pose a public health hazard that requires effective precautions and response.

Occurrence and enterotoxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail chicken meat

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322098020
Author(s):  
Wilfred Ruban Savariraj ◽  
Narendra Babu Ravindran ◽  
Porteen Kannan ◽  
Veluru Appa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Retail Chicken Meat

The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and enterotoxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 120 chicken meat marketed in retail outlets of Chennai, India. It was observed that total of 120 meat samples collected from different retail outlets, 66.67% (80/120) of the samples were positive for the presence of S. aureus based on biochemical characterization and species specific PCR based on thermonuclease gene ( nuc). Enterotoxin gene profiling of the isolates for 9 genes ( sea- sej) revealed that 52.50% (42/80) of the isolates in the present study were enterotoxigenic harboring either one or more gene. It was evident that majority of the isolates harbored seb, followed by seg, sei, sec, sed and sej either alone or in combination. None of the isolates harbored sea, see and seh either alone or in combination. The results of the study clearly indicated higher prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in retail meat marketed in Chennai, India indicating the potential of retail chicken meat to act as vehicle for food borne intoxication and a major public health threat.

scholarly journals Bacteriology and Meat Quality of Moisture Enhanced Pork from Retail Markets in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Karola R. Wendler ◽  
Francis M. Nattress ◽  
Jordan C. Roberts ◽  
Ivy L. Larsen ◽  
Jennifer Aalhus
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Colour Saturation ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Holding

Packages of moisture-enhanced and conventional pork chops were collected from six Canadian retail stores on five sampling days. The composition of injection brines differed between retailers, but all contained polyphosphates and salt as main ingredients. Meat quality characteristics and bacteriology were analyzed from collected meat samples. Moisture enhanced chops had a higher pH and a higher water holding capacity than conventional. Juiciness and overall tenderness were improved in moisture enhanced chops. The surfaces of moisture enhanced chops were discoloured; the chops were darker and displayed less colour saturation. Total numbers of aerobes, psychrotrophs and lactic acid bacteria were not affected by moisture enhancement but numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads and Brochothrix thermosphacta, bacteria frequently associated with microbial spoilage, were approximately 1 log CFU·g-1 higher in moisture enhanced samples. This work shows moisture enhancement with injection brines containing salt and phosphates can result in a more palatable product. 

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