Optimasi Dual Axis Tracking Untuk Solar Cell Berbasis Imperialis Competitive Algorithm (ICA)

The use of fossil energy as an electric fuel causes the earth to experience global-warming. As a tropical country, Indonesia has great potential to develop solar energy as a substitute for fossil energy. Increased efficiency in capturing sunlight will further optimize the work of the Solar Power Plant (PLTS). One way that can be done is by making a solar tracker so that the Solar Panel can follow the direction of the sun's motion. Optimization Design The solar tracker uses dual axis using Proportional Integral Differential (PID) control tuned with the Imperialis Competitive Algorithm (ICA), which is expected to be able to get the right angle between the yaw and Pitch with Azimuth and Elevation Angle. The PID-ICA controller design is done using matlab software. For vertical and horizontal rotary axes it is expected to obtain the best PID-ICA constant, which in turn will affect the performance and optimization of the photovoltaic system. The best optimization results using ICA-based PID with a settling time value of 0.0906 s on the horizontal axis and 0.094 s on the vertical axis

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Single Axis Solar Tracker for Maximizing Power Production and Sunlight Overlapping Removal on the Sensors of Tracker

International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems ◽

10.31763/ijrcs.v1i2.333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 186-197

Author(s):

Mst Jesmin Nahar ◽

Md Rasel Sarkar ◽

Moslem Uddin ◽

Md Faruk Hossain ◽

Md Masud Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tracking System ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Power Production ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Total System ◽

Pv Panel ◽

Solar Tracker ◽

The Right ◽

Fixed Panel ◽

Maximum Photon

This paper presents the design and execution of a solar tracker system devoted to photovoltaic (PV) conversion panels. The proposed single-axis solar tracker is shifted automatically based on the sunlight detector or tracking sensor. This system also removes incident sunlight overlapping from sensors that are inside the sunlight tracking system. The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used as a sensor to sense the intensity of light accurately. The sensors are placed at a certain distance from each other in the tracker system to avoid sunlight overlapping for maximum power production. The total system is designed by using a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) as a brain to control the whole system. The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. The PV panel is fixed with a vertical axis of the tracker. This microcontroller will compare the data and rotate a solar panel via a stepper motor in the right direction to collect maximum photon energy from sunlight. From the experimental results, it can be determined that the automatic (PV solar tracker) sun tracking system is 72.45% more efficient than fixed panels, where the output power of the fixed panel and automatically adjusted panel are 8.289 watts and 14.287 watts, respectively.

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Structural Analysis of a Tracking Photovoltaic System with a Pedestal Solar Tracker

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.361 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 493 ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

Chih Kuang Lin ◽

Chen Yu Dai

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Natural Frequencies ◽

Elevation Angle ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Structural Deformation ◽

Pv System ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Solar Tracker ◽

The Given

The structural integrity and deformation-induced misalignment of solar radiation for a tracking photovoltaic (PV) system under self-weight is investigated using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach. Gravity is applied to calculate the stress distribution and structural deformation. Misalignment of solar radiation induced by structural deformation is also calculated. Moreover, to avoid damages caused by resonance, natural frequencies of vibration for the given tracking PV system are also determined. Strain changes are measured experimentally at two selected locations in the given solar tracker during field operation for comparison with the simulation results. A reasonable agreement between the simulations and experimental measurements is found such that the constructed FEA model is validated to be effective in assessment of the structural integrity for PV systems under self-weight. No structural failure is predicted for all components in the given solar tracker under the given loading condition according to the von Mises failure criterion. An agreement in the trend of variation of misalignment and resultant displacement of PV modules is found. Considering the effect of self-weight only, the maximum misalignment of solar radiation is of 0.275o at elevation angle of 45o when rotating the solar tracker from 0o to 75o. It is expected that such a misalignment value will not cause a significant degradation of power generation for a PV system. The range of natural frequencies of the first six vibration modes for the given PV system is from 3.85 Hz to 11.4 Hz.

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Algoritma Persaingan Imperialis Sebagai Optimasi Kontroler PID dan ANFIS Pada Mesin Sinkron Magnet Permanen (Imperialist Competitive Algorithm As PID Optimization and ANFIS Controller at Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine)

JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) ◽

10.21070/jeee-u.v3i1.2023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Machrus Ali ◽

Agus Raikhani ◽

Budiman Budiman ◽

Hendi Sopian

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Magnetic Flux ◽

Permanent Magnet ◽

Controller Design ◽

Good Control ◽

Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽

Good Method ◽

Voltage Profile ◽

Competitive Algorithm ◽

The Right

Permanent Magnet Syschronous Machine (PMSM) has low torque, so good control is needed to be stable quickly. PMSM uses the principle of faraday experiments which is rotating a magnet in a coil or vice versa. When a magnet moves in a coil, there is a change in magnetic flux in the coil and penetrates perpendicular to the coil so that there is a potential difference between the ends of the coil, regarding this due to changes in magnetic flux. Magnetic flux can be changed by moving a magnet in a coil or vice versa by utilizing other energy sources. To get a good optimization result, the right control constants are needed. So that the best output is obtained. To get the right constants, a suitable and good method is needed, including using artificial intelligence. In this study using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) method. From the simulation results it was found that the best controller design in this study was ANFIS-ICA with the best profile, torque profile, voltage profile, and rotation profile. The largest current is 2.45 A, the smallest overshot torque is 0.48 pu, the largest voltage frequency is 9.84 khz, and the best rotation (close to the reference) is 700.02 rpm. The results of this study will be continued with the use of other artificial intelligence.

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Static and Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Tower for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on Finite Element Method

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.613 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 229-231 ◽

pp. 613-616

Author(s):

Yan Jue Gong ◽

Yuan Yuan Zhang ◽

Fu Zhao ◽

Hui Yu Xiang ◽

Chun Ling Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Dynamic Characteristic ◽

Optimization Design ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Support Structure ◽

Element Method

As an important part of the vertical axis wind turbine, the support structure should have high strength and stiffness. This article adopts finite element method to model a kind of tower structure of the vertical axis wind turbine and carry out static and modal analysis. The static and dynamic characteristic results of tower in this paper provide reference for optimization design the support structure of wind turbine further.

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Comparative Exploration of Mini Vertical Axis Breeze-Driven Generator

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.964 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 670-671 ◽

pp. 964-967

Author(s):

Shu Hua Bai ◽

Hai Dong Yang

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Power ◽

North Africa ◽

Large Scale ◽

Solar Power ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Green Energy ◽

Energy Crisis ◽

Fossil Energy

Nowadays, energy crisis is becoming increasingly serious. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil energy tend to be exhausted due to the crazy exploration. In recent decades, several long lasting local wars broke out in large scale in Mideast and North Africa because of the fighting for the limited petroleum. The reusable green energy in our life like enormous wind power, solar power, etc is to become the essential energy. This article is to conduct a comparative exploration of mini wind turbine, with the purpose of finding a good way to effectively deal with the energy crisis.

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MORPHOMETRIC ANATOMY AND INTRAORGAN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CORONARY ORIFICES IN HEART OF ADULT HUMAN

Морфология ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.158.4.006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Андрей Аркадьевич Якимов ◽

Евгения Германовна Дмитриева

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Left Coronary Artery ◽

Rare Variants ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Aortic Valves ◽

Sinotubular Junction ◽

Adult Human ◽

The Right

Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и редкие варианты формы правого и левого устьев, варианты их положения по вертикальной оси аорты одинаковы, варианты их положения по горизонтали различны. Зависимость вариантов формы и положения устьев от типа кровоснабжения желудочков сердца не выявлена. Objective - to reveal common and rare variants of the anatomy and intraorganic topography of the coronary orifices in normal hearts of adult human with regard to patterns of cardiac ventricular blood supply. Material and methods. On 65 specimens of aortic valves opened through non-coronary sinus, the minimal and maximal diameters of each orifice were measured with a caliper, the shape of the orifices was determined according to the ratio of the diameters, and the position of the orifices was studied. Results. The orifices of both right and left coronary arteries were mostly found to be round, less frequently oval. In most cases, the left coronary artery arose from the central third and the right artery arose from the central or posterior third of corresponding sinus at the level of the upper edge of the semilunar cusp or between the edge and the sinotubular junction. The localization of the arterial orifice within the sinuses at the level of sinotubular junction or above it was uncommon for the both arteries. In 20 % of cases, the conal artery arose with its own orifice in front of the mouth of the right coronary artery. Conclusions. Typical and rare shapes of the coronary orifices, variants of their position regarding to vertical axis of the aorta are the same, whereas variants of their position in horizontal axis are different. There is no relationship between variants of form of the orifices, position of the orifices and types of blood supply of heart ventricles.

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Converting Raw Accelerometer Data to Activity Counts Using Open-Source Code: Implementing a MATLAB Code in Python and R, and Comparing the Results to ActiLife

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2019-0063 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ruben Brondeel ◽

Yan Kestens ◽

Javad Rahimipour Anaraki ◽

Kevin Stanley ◽

Benoit Thierry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Accelerometer Sensor ◽

Interclass Correlation ◽

Acceleration Data ◽

The Right ◽

Pearson Correlations ◽

Closed Source

Background: Closed-source software for processing and analyzing accelerometer data provides little to no information about the algorithms used to transform acceleration data into physical activity indicators. Recently, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB that replicates the frequently used proprietary ActiLife activity counts. The aim of this software profile was (a) to translate the MATLAB algorithm into R and Python and (b) to test the accuracy of the algorithm on free-living data. Methods: As part of the INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team, data were collected from 86 participants in Victoria (Canada). The participants were asked to wear an integrated global positioning system and accelerometer sensor (SenseDoc) for 10 days on the right hip. Raw accelerometer data were processed in ActiLife, MATLAB, R, and Python and compared using Pearson correlation, interclass correlation, and visual inspection. Results: Data were collected for a combined 749 valid days (>10 hr wear time). MATLAB, Python, and R counts per minute on the vertical axis had Pearson correlations with the ActiLife counts per minute of .998, .998, and .999, respectively. All three algorithms overestimated ActiLife counts per minute, some by up to 2.8%. Conclusions: A MATLAB algorithm for deriving ActiLife counts was implemented in R and Python. The different implementations provide similar results to ActiLife counts produced in the closed source software and can, for all practical purposes, be used interchangeably. This opens up possibilities to comparing studies using similar accelerometers from different suppliers, and to using free, open-source software.

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Modification of geometry of airfoil NACA 0018 towards work testing vertical axis wind type Darrieus Eggbeater

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 878 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

B Tarihoran ◽

M D Sebayang ◽

M Pane

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Research Result ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Energy Crisis ◽

Speed Ratio ◽

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽

Fossil Energy

Abstract Technological developments on energy savings are caused by increasing demand for energy use from year to year. This is done to avoid an energy crisis. The energy crisis is a problem that is being faced because of the depletion of fossil energy. To restore fossil energy can require natural processes in a long time. With the limited availability of fossil energy, it is very necessary to develop alternative energy sources that are friendly to the environment, one of which is wind energy. Indonesia is an archipelago, so the wind speed in Indonesia is relatively low, then in this study can be overcome using a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). This research was conducted to find out power of Coefficient, type speed ratio in the variation of wind speed in the turbine. This study uses a wind power design with a vertical axis. Blades are used from modified NACA 0018 airfoil. Research result taken at the time of testing is with wind speeds ranging from 3 m / s to 6,1 m/s which measures the capacity of electric power produced by turbines with a load of 10 watts. The results of this study are the minimum actual power of the turbine 2.881 Watt with TSR 0.4 and Cp 0.18 at wind speed 3 m/s, and the maximum power obtained at a speed of 6,1m/s that is equal to 14.62 Watt with a TSR of 0.25 and Cp of 0.29.

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