GEOLOGICAL „MUSEUM“ OF SCHOOL SURROUNDINGS: TO HELP TEACHERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Eugenija Rudnickaitė
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
School Yard ◽  
Water Spring

Year 2012 in Lithuania is announced as the Year of Museums, nevertheless the num-ber of museums and educational programs dedicated to Natural Sciences did not increase. Geosciences are very significant part of the whole complex of Natural Sciences. How-ever, geological disciplines are not included in Education Programm of Secondary Schools, therefore Museums of Geology became very important. Lithuania can not brag about a big number of geological museums, and most of them are not close enough for a class trip. Such luxury is only available mainly for schools in Vilni-us. Although, during recent years more and more geological knowledge is available at regional parks new information centers (Gražutės, Sartų, Nemuno kilpų, Ventos, etc.). It is convenient to nearby schools. But what about the rest? The idea of this article is to show, that a geological „museum“ can be found in schools surrounding environment: school yard, close by river slope, dug out quarry, by a water spring or a hill. Specific examples are presented how an unregistered user, visiting Lithuanian Geologi-cal Survey internet site (www.lgt.lt), can find enough information about his schools’ surround-ings geological structure (on the surface and underground), protected geological object (ge-otops), interesting outcrops, probable pollution sources, mineral resources, etc. Key words: museum of geology, Vilnius University, nonformal natural science educa-tion, geology, education, museum, teacher.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Research on the Waste from the Mining of Rock Raw Materials in Lower Silesia

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kaźmierczak ◽  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Herbert Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Graphical Presentation ◽  
Lower Silesia

The Lower Silesia area in SW Poland is characterized by a geological structure that is conducive to mining activity. The exploitation of rock raw materials plays an important role in this sector of the economy. By the end of 2017, there were in total approximately 400 current concessions for the exploitation of rock raw materials in the analysed area (Polish Geological Institute, MIDAS database—Management and Protection System of Polish Mineral Resources). The conducted mining activity results in waste, which in the greatest amount occurs in the process of obtaining crushed road and construction aggregates, natural aggregates, carbonate raw materials for the cement and lime industry, as well as stone elements for construction and road engineering. At the end of 2016, the mining plants accumulated 26,569,600 Mg of waste. As part of the European Regions Toward Circular Economy (CircE) project, research was conducted on the volume and composition of the mining waste of rock raw materials in the years 2010–2016 within Lower Silesia. This research used the methods of statistical, descriptive and spatial analysis to identify mining plants with the highest potential for using their wastes. In the course of this study, 6 mining plants with the highest potential of using their waste for industrial production purposes were selected. In order to objectively select these plants, the methodology of qualitative multi-criteria analysis was developed, and 7 criteria were selected for assessing the economic potential of using waste from the mining of rock raw materials. An additional result of this research is a database and graphical presentation of changes in the spatial distribution of generated waste in the Lower Silesia region in the years ranging from 2010 to 2016.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of relief transformation (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pełka-Gościniak
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract The geological structure and the occurrence of mineral resources in the Silesian Upland in a significant way influenced the development of industry and caused transformation of every landscape element, among others changes in relief and therefore the formation of anthropogenic landforms. The paper focuses on environmental aspects of relief transformation in the Silesian Upland. The author described aesthetic, geomorphological, hydrological, climatological, pedological and biological aspects on the base of representatives of two groups of landforms–consciously created by human being and being an unintentional effect of human activity (of secondary character). All analysed landforms are new elements in relief, in majority of cases being in disharmony with their neighbourhood. They are alien to the landscape and disturb the equilibrium in the nature. It was proved that they strongly influence water and climatological conditions and soil cover. But sometimes the anthropogenic landforms can be perceived as advantageous for the nature, especially in case of subsidence depressions because of development of aquatic and hydrophilous species and in case of spoil tips due to spontaneous development of vegetation cover. The nature easily adapts to new environmental conditions (process of natural succession and independent introduction of species for new habitats). In these terrains the increase in biodiversity was observed.

scholarly journals Peak Document and the Future of History

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future

Abstract Among the ongoing revolutions in historical research is the flood of new information about the past that comes not from written documents but from the natural sciences and archaeology. What might this mean for the profession of history, and for our training and institutional practices? How might it affect our research and interpretations of the past? Which fields of history will be most and least affected? I argue for a cautious embrace of the new data about the past coming from the paleosciences, offering a few examples of the promise and perils presented by the work of our natural science and archaeology colleagues. With each passing year, the proportion of our knowledge of the past that derives from the kinds of documents we have learned to read and interpret will shrink, and the proportion that derives from what to most of us are unfamiliar sciences will mount. This has implications. First, the deeper past might make a comeback. The last century or two are the best documented and will likely be least affected by the flood. The intellectual excitement may tip toward the study of earlier centuries where relative significance of information in other formats is greater. Second, the ways in which we train historians may need to change. A possible partial guide to our future as historians is the experience of precolonial Africanists, who are accustomed to research without written documents.

Walcot Gibson 1864-1941

1943 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Information ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The One

Walcot Gibson was born at Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, on 24 August 1864. His father was a bank manager from the north country and his mother was Cornish, and they had three sons and one daughter. Gibson was educated at the Bromsgrove School and about 1882 went to Mason College, Birmingham, now the University of Birmingham. Charles Lapworth who had distinguished himself by his great researches in the south of Scotland had just been appointed to the chair of Geology at Mason College and thirty-one years later (1913) he records that Gibson was his first geological pupil. His interest in geology and geological mapping was developed by intimate contact with Lapworth and was sustained by a coterie of ardent amateur geologists, among them Joseph Landon, Fred Cullis and C. J. Gilbert. This period clearly determined Gibson’s choice of a career. After a course at the Royal College of Science he set out in 1889 on Lapworth’s advice for South Africa where he was engaged for two years on mineral surveys in the Rand goldfields and elsewhere. From there he moved to East Africa where he was engaged for another two years on mineral surveys for the East Africa Company. He returned to this country an experienced geologist and surveyor and in 1893 he joined H.M. Geological Survey in which service he remained for thirty-two years until his retirement in 1925. This was an important period in the history of the Geological Survey for owing to strong representations that the old Survey had become obsolete both in topography and geology, the House of Commons in 1891 sanctioned a resurvey of the great South Wales Coalfield on the scale of six inches to the mile. The first mapping of that field initiated by Logan and de la Beche was on the one-inch scale and was completed about 1845, the year in which the Geological Survey was transferred from the Board of Ordnance. The enormous developments which had taken place since the original survey had far outstripped the knowledge of the geological structure of the field and new information had become urgently necessary.

THE EARLY AND MIDDLE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT KOIMISIS, THERASIA: PERIODS OF HABITATION AND ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Kostas Sbonias ◽  
Iris Tzachili ◽  
Maya Efstathiou ◽  
Clairy Palyvou ◽  
Costas Athanasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Early Phases

The study of the history of the first excavations on prehistoric Therasia in the nineteenth century, which were carried out in the context of contemporary scientific interest in the volcanic eruptions of Santorini, has led to the systematic archaeological investigation of the island from 2007 onwards. The intensive archaeological surface survey, the geological survey of the geological structure and palaeotopography of Therasia, and geophysical investigations, undertaken in conjunction with the ongoing excavation of the prehistoric settlement at the site of Panaghia Koimisis at the southern end of modern Therasia, have created the conditions for a more comprehensive approach to the archaeological landscape of the island. Based on the results from the excavation trenches in the south and south-east terraces of the Koimisis hill, which have been excavated down to the virgin soil, we present findings on the organisation, architecture and habitation phases of the Koimisis settlement. The site emerges as an important settlement located on the imposing hilltop rising on the west side of the pre-eruption Santorini caldera in the Early Bronze Age, with a long period of habitation to the end of the Middle Cycladic period, when it was definitively abandoned. The excavation of the settlement provides new information on its architecture and spatial organisation during the Early and Middle Bronze Age, completing the picture from Akrotiri, whose early phases are preserved in a piecemeal fashion under the buildings of the Late Cycladic town.

Spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ deposits of the Rhynie outlier, Scotland

2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arthropod Cuticle ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTSince the late 1980s an extensive programme of trenching/borehole drilling has been undertaken in order to study the Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ deposits of the Rhynie outlier in the Grampian Highlands of Scotland. The boreholes have provided new information on the stratigraphical succession and geological structure of the Rhynie outlier, both of which were hitherto poorly understood due to the paucity of good surface exposure and the complex geological relationships of the deposits. One hundred and eighteen palynological samples were collected, representing much of the stratigraphical sequence of the inlier, of which 106 were productive. Productive samples yield assemblages of well preserved palynomorphs, dominated by spores and phytodebris, but also containing arthropod cuticle and rare freshwater algal remains. The spore assemblages are systematically described and two new genera and six new species proposed. They are similar throughout the sequence and the spores belong to the polygonalis–emsiensis Spore Assemblage Biozone of Richardson & McGregor (1986) and the PoW Oppel Zone (possibly Su Interval Zone) of Streel et al. (1987), indicating an early (but not earliest) Pragian–?earliest Emsian age range, that may possibly be restricted to latest Pragian–?earliest Emsian. The palynomorph assemblages contain only terrestrial forms, supporting sedimentological interpretation of the deposits as ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ fluviatile and lacustrine deposits, with occasional extrusive volcanics and volcaniclastic sediments intercalated. The palynomorphs are of variable thermal maturity (within and between samples), probably reflecting differential heating associated with the complex volcanic/hydrothermal system. The new palynological data provide, for the first time, a reliable biostratigraphical age for the deposits, and suggest that they accumulated relatively rapidly. Spore biostratigraphy and thermal maturity studies facilitate correlation of the tectonically complex deposits, and shed light on other aspects of the geological history of the outlier. The palynomorph assemblages also aid interpretation of the biota of the Rhynie basin, including the exceptionally preserved biotas of the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts.

scholarly journals Characterisation of sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events in the western Bushveld Igeneous Complex, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1895-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hirsikko ◽  
V. Vakkari ◽  
P. Tiitta ◽  
H. E. Manninen ◽  
S. Gagné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Micron Particle

Abstract. South Africa holds significant mineral resources, with a substantial fraction of these reserves occurring in a large geological structure termed the Bushveld Igeneous Complex (BIC). The majority of the world's platinum group metals (PGMs) and chromium originate from the BIC. Considering the importance of PGMs in the manufacturing of automotive catalytic converters, as well as the relatively poor current state of air quality and the general lack of atmospheric research in the BIC, atmospheric related research in this geographical area is of local (South African) and of international interest. The western limb of the BIC is the most exploited, with at least eleven pyrometallurgical smelters occurring within a 55 km radius. Due to the lure of employment in the industrialised BIC, the area is populated by informal, semi-formal and formal residential developments. In order to investigate the characteristics and processes affecting sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events, air ion and aerosol particle size distribution and concentration measurements were conducted for over two years at Marikana in the heart of the western BIC. Our results indicated that high amounts of Aitken and accumulation mode particles originated from domestic burning for heating and cooking in the morning and evening, while during daytime SO2-based nucleation (from industrial emissions) was the most probable source for large number concentrations of nucleation and Aitken mode particles. Nucleation event day frequency was extremely high, i.e. 86% of the analysed days, which to the knowledge of the authors is the highest frequency ever reported. Secondary particle formation was influenced both by local pollution sources and regional ambient conditions. Therefore, our observation of the annual cycle and magnitude of the particle formation and growth rates during nucleation events were similar to the results from a semi-clean savannah site in South Africa.

scholarly journals Geology of Shantipur-Wami Taksar Areas of Gulmi-Baglung Districts, Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Sushant Sapkota ◽  
Pashupati Gaire ◽  
Kabi Raj Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
The North ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Geological Units

The study area represents a small part of the Lesser Himalaya in western Nepal and lies about 346 km west from Kathmandu. It covers 250 km area representing some parts of Gulmi and Baglung districts. The area was selected for the present study on the impression from the previous geological map that has showed some metallic mineral resources like iron, copper and lead in the region. Similarly, studies reveal that there is very complicated geological structure which raised the interest for the study. Main objective of the study was to prepare a geological map of the area in a scale of 1:25,000 and study the possible mineral deposits. An extensive geological mapping was carried out in the field covering at one data within one centimetre of the map scale and large number of samples was collected for the petrographic as well as ore genesis studies. The rocks of the region were mapped under two geological units as the Nourpul Formation (older) and the Dhading Dolomite (younger).  There are a series of folds in the area. From regional to micro-scale all folds are trending towards east-west. The Badi Gad Fault and the Harewa Khola Thrust are the regional scale thrust mapped in the area. The Badi Gad is considered as a strike-slip in nature. The Harewa Khola Thrust is probably an imbricate fault. It has propagated to the north which is out of sequence in nature. Some metallic minerals like copper and iron along with old working mines were observed during the study. Occurrences of copper and iron mineralization has been mapped and described. Present study revealed that copper mineralization is limited within the veins and boudinage forms as hydrothermal deposit while the iron is tabular and syngenetic in nature.

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