scholarly journals Environmental aspects of relief transformation (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pełka-Gościniak
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract The geological structure and the occurrence of mineral resources in the Silesian Upland in a significant way influenced the development of industry and caused transformation of every landscape element, among others changes in relief and therefore the formation of anthropogenic landforms. The paper focuses on environmental aspects of relief transformation in the Silesian Upland. The author described aesthetic, geomorphological, hydrological, climatological, pedological and biological aspects on the base of representatives of two groups of landforms–consciously created by human being and being an unintentional effect of human activity (of secondary character). All analysed landforms are new elements in relief, in majority of cases being in disharmony with their neighbourhood. They are alien to the landscape and disturb the equilibrium in the nature. It was proved that they strongly influence water and climatological conditions and soil cover. But sometimes the anthropogenic landforms can be perceived as advantageous for the nature, especially in case of subsidence depressions because of development of aquatic and hydrophilous species and in case of spoil tips due to spontaneous development of vegetation cover. The nature easily adapts to new environmental conditions (process of natural succession and independent introduction of species for new habitats). In these terrains the increase in biodiversity was observed.

scholarly journals On the Measures to Solve Environmental Problems of the Territory with Intensive Open Pit Coal Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gvozdkova ◽  
Pawel Stefanek ◽  
Michaela Koščová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Suitable Form

Ecological problems in the open pit mining of coal deposits are extremely hard, since mining operations are accompanied by disturbed land to a large depth with significant changes in the landscape, hydrometeorological conditions, mixing of rocks and removal of infertile or even harmful rocks with radioactive isotopes to the surface. Disturbed lands are unusable if they are not repaired. All man-made disturbances of the environment caused by open pit mining are divided into landscape (changes in terrain, vegetation and soil cover) and environmental (violation of living conditions within the allotment and adjacent lands: changes in water regime, pollution of the soil, air and water basins) onesOne of the most important areas in the field of environmental protection is the reclamation (restoration) of the earth’s surface. In accordance with the requirements of the protection of the subsoil, enterprises engaged in the development of mineral deposits are obliged at their own expense to bring disturbed lands into a state suitable form for their further use. Reclamation of ought to be carried out during open pit mining operations and must be completed after mining of mineral resources in the terms established by the authorities that provide land for use.

THE KILLER OF NATURE – ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Ekta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Summary Paper ◽  
Living Being

The Presented summary paper target is to draw the attention of the public to the benefits of Environment and how we are connected to the Environment. To show that if there’s any change in the Environmental conditions, then how the conditions change in human beings lives. Living Being, whether a Human Being or Animals or plants,  are all directly or indirectly Dependent on the Environment for their Survival. When asked truly it can be said that none of the living being can survive without the presence of Environment. It is difficult to find absolutely natural environments, and it is common that the naturalness varies in a continuum, from ideally 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform.

ECOLOGICAL CONSOLIDATION OF LANDS IN RUSSIA AND FEDERAL DISTRICTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mazurkin
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Rank Distributions

It is proposed to identify the hierarchy of federal districts in terms of ecological opportunities for consolidation of vegetation cover according to three classes of soil cover according to the UN classification (grass + shrub + trees) on the land territory of Russia by ranking the shares of vegetation cover and human-modified lands, as well as ecological coefficients. The total ecological coefficient is calculated by dividing the share of vegetation by the total share of anthropogenic land. The forest-agricultural coefficient is convenient as the ratio of the forest area to the arable land area. The identification method revealed stable regularities of rank distributions in the form of trends and wave equations.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Research on the Waste from the Mining of Rock Raw Materials in Lower Silesia

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kaźmierczak ◽  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Herbert Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Graphical Presentation ◽  
Lower Silesia

The Lower Silesia area in SW Poland is characterized by a geological structure that is conducive to mining activity. The exploitation of rock raw materials plays an important role in this sector of the economy. By the end of 2017, there were in total approximately 400 current concessions for the exploitation of rock raw materials in the analysed area (Polish Geological Institute, MIDAS database—Management and Protection System of Polish Mineral Resources). The conducted mining activity results in waste, which in the greatest amount occurs in the process of obtaining crushed road and construction aggregates, natural aggregates, carbonate raw materials for the cement and lime industry, as well as stone elements for construction and road engineering. At the end of 2016, the mining plants accumulated 26,569,600 Mg of waste. As part of the European Regions Toward Circular Economy (CircE) project, research was conducted on the volume and composition of the mining waste of rock raw materials in the years 2010–2016 within Lower Silesia. This research used the methods of statistical, descriptive and spatial analysis to identify mining plants with the highest potential for using their wastes. In the course of this study, 6 mining plants with the highest potential of using their waste for industrial production purposes were selected. In order to objectively select these plants, the methodology of qualitative multi-criteria analysis was developed, and 7 criteria were selected for assessing the economic potential of using waste from the mining of rock raw materials. An additional result of this research is a database and graphical presentation of changes in the spatial distribution of generated waste in the Lower Silesia region in the years ranging from 2010 to 2016.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ecological Stability of the Village of Bielovce as a Result of to Changes in Land Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ivan ◽  
Tatiana Chebeňová
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Village

Abstract Globally, the human population is growing, which causes increasing demands on landscapes. Human activity significantly influences the ecological balance, especially in the negative. Ecological stability is the basis for assessments of all environmental conditions and for assessments according to new land uses. The area of interest is evaluated according to both positive and negative factors. There are many methodologies for calculating ecological stability, e.g., Muchová et al. (2009); Řeháčková - Pauditšová (2007); Kupková (2002); Streďanský et al. (1995) and Löw et al. (1984). The aim of this paper is to compare the works of the mentioned authors concerning the ecological stability of the district of Levice (Slovakia), specifically in the municipal cadastre region of Bielovce. The land uses of this territory have changed during some periods. We compared the state of the land uses in the years 1950, 2012 and 2014. During this period, the proportion of arable land increased, and the proportion of forest decreased. In the area of interest, the ecological stability increased, but not as significantly as we expected. The processed data were prepared in GIS.

Species richness of both native and invasive aquatic plants influenced by environmental conditions and human activity

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Capers ◽  
Roslyn Selsky ◽  
Gregory J. Bugbee ◽  
Jason C. White
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
High Productivity

Invasive plants alter community structure, threatening ecosystem function and biodiversity, but little information is available on whether invasive species richness responds to environmental conditions in the same way that richness of native plants does. We surveyed submerged and floating-leaved plants in 99 Connecticut (northeast USA) lakes and ponds, collecting quantitative data on abundance and frequency. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to determine which environmental conditions were correlated with species richness of invasive and native plants. Independent variables included lake area, maximum depth, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, phosphorus concentration, productivity, and dominance (the proportional abundance of the most abundant and frequently found species), plus two estimates of human activity. Species richness of both native and invasive richness was correlated with alkalinity and human activity. Native richness also increased with water clarity, lake area, and productivity; invasive species richness also rose with pH. We found no evidence that richness of one group affected richness of the other. We also investigated patterns of dominance and found that native plants were as likely to become dominant as invasive species. Dominance occurred overwhelmingly in shallow lakes with high productivity.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic dynamics and recovery of disturbed landscapes at the Far East Russia permafrost area

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Tikhmenev ◽  
Andrey A. Smirnov ◽  
Evgeniy A. Tikhmenev ◽  
Galina V. Stanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
The Far East ◽  
East Russia ◽  
The Impact

The results of studies of anthropogenic landscapes functioning with an assessment on the processes of natural self revegetation are summarized. The principles of accelerated restoration of the ecological and aesthetic value of disturbed landscapes at the permafrost zone are substantiated, based on the data obtained during studying the selfrevegetation processes on disturbed complexes. Development of placer and ore deposits of mineral resources is leading to deep transformation of landscape and to destruction of soil-vegetable complexes. The processes caused by mining-technical activity are leading to variable mechanisms of degradation of soil and vegetables often having complex impact. Results of study of sustainability of soil-vegetable complexes to the impact of mancaused activity have showed the dependence from the structure of the soil profile and it characteristic, from the character of genetic horizons, frozen status of the landscape elements, form the structure and biomass and productivity of vegetation cover.

scholarly journals Characterisation of sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events in the western Bushveld Igeneous Complex, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1895-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hirsikko ◽  
V. Vakkari ◽  
P. Tiitta ◽  
H. E. Manninen ◽  
S. Gagné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Micron Particle

Abstract. South Africa holds significant mineral resources, with a substantial fraction of these reserves occurring in a large geological structure termed the Bushveld Igeneous Complex (BIC). The majority of the world's platinum group metals (PGMs) and chromium originate from the BIC. Considering the importance of PGMs in the manufacturing of automotive catalytic converters, as well as the relatively poor current state of air quality and the general lack of atmospheric research in the BIC, atmospheric related research in this geographical area is of local (South African) and of international interest. The western limb of the BIC is the most exploited, with at least eleven pyrometallurgical smelters occurring within a 55 km radius. Due to the lure of employment in the industrialised BIC, the area is populated by informal, semi-formal and formal residential developments. In order to investigate the characteristics and processes affecting sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events, air ion and aerosol particle size distribution and concentration measurements were conducted for over two years at Marikana in the heart of the western BIC. Our results indicated that high amounts of Aitken and accumulation mode particles originated from domestic burning for heating and cooking in the morning and evening, while during daytime SO2-based nucleation (from industrial emissions) was the most probable source for large number concentrations of nucleation and Aitken mode particles. Nucleation event day frequency was extremely high, i.e. 86% of the analysed days, which to the knowledge of the authors is the highest frequency ever reported. Secondary particle formation was influenced both by local pollution sources and regional ambient conditions. Therefore, our observation of the annual cycle and magnitude of the particle formation and growth rates during nucleation events were similar to the results from a semi-clean savannah site in South Africa.

scholarly journals THE CHILD AS AN «ARCHETYPE», «PROTOTYPE» AND «ASSEMBLAGE POINT»

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Galina M. Ponomareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

A new stage in the development of the humanities is largely connected with the understanding of the consequences of the «anthropological turn», the beginning of which is attributed to the 1960s-70s. Numerous discussions of this period led to the formation of new trends associated with the change of scientific paradigms and the transition to a post-non-classical interpretation of the «human phenomenon». The purpose of this article is to study the possible theoretical and methodological prospects that open up to philosophical anthropology due to the emergence of new explication models and new scientific lexicons. To achieve this goal, we chose the image of the Child, accumulating the most essential features of a person and a human being and interpreted metaphorically, as the starting point of the analysis. The Child is presented as an «anthropological constant» denoting a person’s ability to innovate and operate with imaginary phenomena endowed with the status of real ones. As an «anthropological constant», the Child acquires archetypal features that are significant for understanding the nature and meaning of any human activity and interpreting the processes of patterning human states. The approach developed in the article allows us to make several assumptions. First, the Child should be considered in the context of the drama of human existence, which consists in the infinite variability and fundamental incompleteness of the «human project». In this case, what comes to the fore is not the task of studying the boundaries of the human but the definition of the actual capabilities of a person. Secondly, the image of the Child embodies a state of transience, randomness. This requires a wider use of the method of multiple interpretations and post-phenomenological approaches within the framework of modern philosophical anthropology. Thirdly, the image of the Child embodies an existential conflict, which makes it possible to identify the complex dynamics of human states and describe them contextually.

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