scholarly journals Isolation of mesophyll protoplasts from tea (Camellia sinensis) and localization analysis of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
◽  
Rufang Deng ◽  
Xinlan Xu ◽  
Ziyin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Mesophyll Protoplasts ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Localization Analysis

scholarly journals Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhou ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Yinyin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Ga Content

In tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content—regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, Colletotrichum camelliae and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants.

Effect of Major Tea Insect Attack on Formation of Quality-Related Nonvolatile Specialized Metabolites in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (24) ◽  
pp. 6716-6724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyin Liao ◽  
Zhenming Yu ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Sihua Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Insect Attack

scholarly journals Metabolite signatures of diverse Camellia sinensis tea populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yu ◽  
Jiajing Xiao ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Jianqiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Negative Ionization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) presents an excellent system to study evolution and diversification of the numerous classes, types and variable contents of specialized metabolites. Here, we investigate the relationship among C. sinensis phylogenetic groups and specialized metabolites using transcriptomic and metabolomic data on the fresh leaves collected from 136 representative tea accessions in China. We obtain 925,854 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) enabling the refined grouping of the sampled tea accessions into five major clades. Untargeted metabolomic analyses detect 129 and 199 annotated metabolites that are differentially accumulated in different tea groups in positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. Each phylogenetic group contains signature metabolites. In particular, CSA tea accessions are featured with high accumulation of diverse classes of flavonoid compounds, such as flavanols, flavonol mono-/di-glycosides, proanthocyanidin dimers, and phenolic acids. Our results provide insights into the genetic and metabolite diversity and are useful for accelerated tea plant breeding.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Family in Camellia sinensis: Evidence for Galloylated Catechins Biosynthesis Regulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Shaoqun Liu ◽  
Peifen Chen ◽  
Jiarong Cai ◽  
Song Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
R2r3 Myb

The R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family regulates metabolism of phenylpropanoids in various plant lineages. Species-expanded or specific MYB TFs may regulate species-specific metabolite biosynthesis including phenylpropanoid-derived bioactive products. Camellia sinensis produces an abundance of specialized metabolites, which makes it an excellent model for digging into the genetic regulation of plant-specific metabolite biosynthesis. The most abundant health-promoting metabolites in tea are galloylated catechins, and the most bioactive of the galloylated catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is specifically relative abundant in C. sinensis. However, the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechin biosynthesis remains elusive. This study mined the R2R3-MYB TFs associated with galloylated catechin biosynthesis in C. sinensis. A total of 118 R2R3-MYB proteins, classified into 38 subgroups, were identified. R2R3-MYB subgroups specific to or expanded in C. sinensis were hypothesized to be essential to evolutionary diversification of tea-specialized metabolites. Notably, nine of these R2R3-MYB genes were expressed preferentially in apical buds (ABs) and young leaves, exactly where galloylated catechins accumulate. Three putative R2R3-MYB genes displayed strong correlation with key galloylated catechin biosynthesis genes, suggesting a role in regulating biosynthesis of epicatechin gallate (ECG) and EGCG. Overall, this study paves the way to reveal the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechins in C. sinensis.

Food-Evoked Changes in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walla ◽  
Maria Richter ◽  
Stella Färber ◽  
Ulrich Leodolter ◽  
Herbert Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
Study Participants

Two experiments investigate effects related to food intake in humans. In Experiment 1, we measured startle response modulation while study participants ate ice cream, yoghurt, and chocolate. Statistical analysis revealed that ice cream intake resulted in the most robust startle inhibition compared to no food. Contrasting females and males, we found significant differences related to the conditions yoghurt and chocolate. In females, chocolate elicited the lowest response amplitude followed by yoghurt and ice cream. In males, chocolate produced the highest startle response amplitude even higher than eating nothing, whereas ice cream produced the lowest. Assuming that high response amplitudes reflect aversive motivation while low response amplitudes reflect appetitive motivational states, it is interpreted that eating ice cream is associated with the most appetitive state given the alternatives of chocolate and yoghurt across gender. However, in females alone eating chocolate, and in males alone eating ice cream, led to the most appetitive state. Experiment 2 was conducted to describe food intake-related brain activity by means of source localization analysis applied to electroencephalography data (EEG). Ice cream, yoghurt, a soft drink, and water were compared. Brain activity in rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus was found in all conditions. No localization differences between conditions occurred. While EEG was found to be insensitive, startle response modulation seems to be a reliable method to objectively quantify motivational states related to the intake of different foods.

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