scholarly journals Root-shoot growth and time to transplant of different lettuce genotypes during nursery

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Adalberto Di Benedetto ◽  
Danilo Carnelos ◽  
Jorge Lozano Miglioli ◽  
Pablo Fujinuma ◽  
Ernesto Giardina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Although vegetable nursery growers decide on plug sizes based on the types, production time and schedule of the crops to grow, they usually choose individual small cell sizes because these allow short plant-raising periods and reduced costs. However, larger plugs produce a finished plant after transplant in a shorter period of time than smaller plugs. Nursery growers end the propagation period when roots take up the plug cell and plantlets can be removed from the plug tray without damage. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of three plug-cell sizes and a single BAP application (100 mg L-1) on the shoot and root growth and time to transplant of different lettuce genotypes. Nursery decreased as plug cell volume increased and with the single BAP spray. A novelty result was that the transplant dates were assigned when the marginal root dry weight accumulation decreased, i.e., based on objective rather than on subjective observations. The significant leaf area and dry weight accumulation found could be explained by growth parameters such as the rate of leaf appearance, the relative rate of leaf area expansion, the relative growth rate, the net assimilation rate and the partition coefficient from root: shoot allometries. Highlights Root restriction due to small plugs in transplant trays delay lettuce transplant. Exogenous cytokinin (BAP) overcame root restriction and decreased time to transplant. Time to transplant can be addressed on an objective basis: it were assigned when the marginal root dry weight accumulation decreased.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis and Photosynthesis Measurements of Cucumber Seedlings Grown under Light with Different Red to Far-red Ratios

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Shibuya ◽  
Ryosuke Endo ◽  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Saki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Normal Light

Light with a higher red to far-red ratio (R:FR) than sunlight reduces plant growth, but the cause has not been firmly established. In the present study, cucumber seedlings were grown under normal light (similar to sunlight; R:FR = 1.4) from metal-halide lamps or high-R:FR light (R:FR = 4.3) created by transmitting their light through FR-absorbing film, and then their growth parameters and photosynthesis were compared. The relative growth rate (RGR) at high R:FR was 92% of that under normal R:FR, although the net assimilation rate (NAR) did not differ between the treatments, indicating that changes in net photosynthesis per unit leaf area did not cause the growth inhibition at high R:FR. The CO2 exchange per unit leaf area did not differ between the treatments, which supports this hypothesis. The leaf area ratio (LAR) of total plant dry weight of high R:FR seedlings to that of normal R:FR seedlings was also 92%. This suggests that growth suppression in the high R:FR seedlings was caused mainly by decreased LAR. The specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), components of LAR, under high-R:FR light were 89% and 105%, respectively, of those under normal light, indicating that the smaller LAR at high R:FR mainly results from suppressed leaf enlargement per unit leaf dry matter.

scholarly journals Biomass Accumulation in the Fern Asplenium nidus avis (L) under Root Restriction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Pagani ◽  
J. Molinari ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Asplenium Nidus

Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome. Most ferns showed a lower relative growth rate and long production cycles (24 months or more) for which growers use small pots to increase yield per unit area of greenhouse. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in response to different pot volume in plants of A. nidus avis spore-propagated under the hypothesis that it would play a role as an abiotic stress which decrease commercial productivity. Our results showed that the use of big pots increased fresh and dry weight and frond area (the main aesthetic trait). When growth parameters were performed, a higher the frond appearance rate (RLA), the frond area expansion (RLAE) and the frond thickness (SLA) were found in 1500 cm3 pot as well as the relative growth rate (RGR) and the net assimilation rate. The use of biggest pot for fern cropping stimulated biomass accumulation through a higher capacity to initiate and expand fronds, to increase photosynthetic rates and change photo assimilate partitioning which favor shoots. From the grower´s point of view, our results suggested that higher yields of A. nidus avis fern would be reached decreasing root restriction, that is, to use the biggest pot volume from the early transplant from plug trays.

scholarly journals Marigold Growth in Six-packs following Transplanting from Plugs at Several Stages of Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 632f-633
Author(s):  
Kay Oakley ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Sharon Kester ◽  
Myra Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Restriction

Root and shoot development in Marigold `Little Devil Flame' was studied after being grown for varying lengths of time in 392-count plugs before transplanting to six-pack cells. Seedlings were grown for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days before transplanting to six-packs. All plants were measured at day 25. There was no significant difference in total root length, area and dry weight per plant or in leaf area and shoot dry weight per plant for seedlings transplanted from 0 to 15 days. Both total root dry weight and total shoot dry weight of seedlings transplanted on day 20 was reduced by 32% compared to seedlings that were not transplanted. Total root dry weight of seedlings transplanted at day 25 was reduced by 60% while total shoot dry weight of seedlings was reduced by 56% from those not transplanted. In a separate experiment, the growth rate of seedlings grown in plugs was sigmoidal (r2 = 0.98). Growth rate was significantly reduced between 20 and 25 days in the plug. These results suggest that root restriction in the plug may be a factor in the reduction of seedling growth following transplanting.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus forms on Growth and Yield of Cowpea, Kales and Amaranth Vegetable Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fidelis W. Githua ◽  
Winnie Ntinyari ◽  
Nicholas K. Korir ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Maximum production potential of leafy vegetable is limited by phosphorous (P) deficiency in the soils. This is due to the high cost of the phosphate fertilizer and the fixed form of the available phosphorous in the soil. There is therefore, need for farmers to use alternative and cheaper sources of P that are economic friendly to supply the required mineral nutrition to their crops. Rock phosphate is widely available but has a challenge in solubilization to make P available to the crops. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate the effect phosphate forms and acidulate rock phosphate on growth and yield of selected leafy vegetables. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement, with three leafy vegetables (cowpeas, kales and amaranth) being the main plots, and various sources of P (Triple super phosphate (TSP)  Mijingu Phosphate Rock(MPR), Mijingu phosphate Rock + sulphur (MPR)PR+S and control) constituting the subplots with three replicates. The collected data included: root dry weight, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and leaf area and was subjected to SAS for ANOVA and where there were significant differences between means were further separated using the Fischer’s LSD at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that there were significant increase in the growth parameters of the vegetables as an effects of phosphorus application compared with the control. TSP elicited the best results in all the tested parameters in 5 WAP, 6 WAP and 7 WAP respectively in both seasons  The highest value of root dry weight (11.2 g), leaf area (1905.0 cm2), number of branches (40.67) shoot fresh weight (236.8 g) as influenced by TSP application in the vegetable species. The MRP + sulphur  also followed in superiority  of increasing the growth parameters which is an indication that sulphur can be used in solubilizing rock phosphate and making it a suit alternative for farmers. Thus, farmers are advised to directly apply rock phosphate and sulphur to soil as a possible alternative to the more expensive soluble phosphate fertilizers in tropical cropping system.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and light intensity on growth of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. crassa Mansf.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebahattin Albayrak ◽  
Necdet Çamas
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation

Changes in plant growth viz. leaf area, leaf weight ratio, root weight ratio, dry leaf weight, dry root weight, total plant dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate due to the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature and light intensity were described by plant growth models. All equations produced for growth parameters were affected by light intensity and temperature. From multi-regression analysis, close relationships were found between actual and predicted growth parameters. The regression coefficients (r²) of the equations for growth parameters varied from 0.95 to 0.99 for cultivar Ecdogelb and 0.83 to 0.99 for cultivar Ecdorot, respectively.  

scholarly journals Cytokinin-Regulated Physiological Parameters Affected by an Exogenous Dopamine Spray in Brussels Sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
G. Fasciglione ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brussels Sprout ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Root restriction on the first stage of seedling growth decreases post-transplant biomass accumulation. Several studies in different vegetables and ornamental plants have suggested that this restriction would be overcome by means of a single 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) spray. Based on this, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of both pre-transplant single BAP and dopamine (a cytokinin antagonist) sprays on the growth of Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) plants grown in 200 plug cells tray-1, during different times of the annual cropping period. The responses of dopamine-sprayed plants were not completely similar to those previously reported. The different physiological processes studied in dopamine-sprayed plants through some growth parameters showed that dopamine affected mainly the rate of leaf appearance, which in turn positively affected both individual and total leaf area expansion. Dopamine-sprayed plants showed a higher leaf source, which allowed them to accumulate a higher biomass on both a fresh and dry weight basis during the initial vegetative growth stages. The effects of both BAP and dopamine were partially related to the environmental conditions during the experiments.

scholarly journals Limitation on Growth and Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Due to Telfairia Mosaic Virus

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
E. A. Effa ◽  
B. A. Ngele ◽  
F. A. Akomaye ◽  
A. O. Damian
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Aims: To assess limitation on growth and yield of P. vulgaris due to Telfairia mosaic virus (TeMV). Study Design: The study was conducted in a randomized block design. Place and Duration: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria between April and August, 2016. Methodology: Seeds of P. vulgaris were obtained, sorted, planted in polyethylene bags, and on germination, inoculated with TeMV, growth and yield limitation assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after inoculation. Results: Results showed that the virus decreased growth of P. vulgaris resulting in yield loses. Growth parameters were severely limited by TeMV with percentage reduction in Leaf area, shoot height, number of primary shoot, petiole length and number of leaves produced of 44.5%, 52.8%, 44.0%, 44.9% and 51.45 respectively at 10 weeks after inoculation (WAI). Leaf fresh weight (38.4%) and dry weight (32.3%) were significantly (P=0.05) reduced. Relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio were negatively impacted by the virus with reductions of 26.5%, 36.7% at 4 WAI and 33.5% at 12 WAI respectively. Limitation on yield due to TeMV was significant (P=0.05) with reduction in pod length of 36.9%, number of pods per plant of 36.5%, number of seeds per pod of 26.5%, number of seeds per plant of 53.3% and weight of 100 seeds of 18.5%. Limitation induced on fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, pod width, seed length and seed width was not significant. Conclusion: The study confirmed the threat of TeMV necessitating control of the virus on this important legume.

scholarly journals Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif padi varietas IPB 4S pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan

Agromix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Nasrudin Nasrudin ◽  
Efrin Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

Drought stress affected growth and decreases rice yield. The use of high yielding varieties and drought tolerance is a strategic step that can be applied during drought stress. The aim of this research was to examine the response of the growth of IPB 4S rice varieties on planting media with drought stress during vegetative phase. The research used a nonfactorial Completely Randomized Design with six levels: field capacity, 10% of field capacity, 20% of field capacity, 30% of field capacity, 40% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity. The treatments were repeated three times. The growth parameters were plant high, number of tiller, leaf color, leaf area, root length, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and biomass. The results showed that the drought stress significantly different to leaf area, root length, canopy dry weight, and biomass but were not significantly different to plant height, number of tiller, leaf color, dan root dry weight. Increased of drought stress 30 to 50% of field capacity decreased of leaf area, canopy dry weight, and biomass, but increased root length.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

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