scholarly journals Effects of saccharin experience on food consumption, body-weight gain and operant responding for sugar pellets in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
pp. 1D-054-1D-054
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Aoyama ◽  
Akane Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Operant Responding

The effect of diet on some parameters measured in toxicological studies in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. L. Clapp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Toxicological Studies

The bodyweight, food consumption and various biochemical and haematological parameters were measured in, and breeding and histological studies made of, groups of rats fed 6 different diets. All diets acceptably supported reproduction. 1 diet restricted body weight gain by 30%, and increased plasma alanine transaminase activity. Nephrocalcinosis was seen in females fed diets with a calcium: phosphorous ratio of <1. Levels of dietary protein were positively correlated with the incidence of renal pelvic dilatation in offspring at 7 weeks of age.

Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Heimbach ◽  
Hiroshi Egawa ◽  
Palma Ann Marone ◽  
Mark R. Bauter ◽  
Elke Kennepohl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Tamarind Seed

Forty male and 40 female Crl:SD® CD® IGS rats were fed diets containing 0, 40 000, 80 000, or 120 000 ppm tamarind seed polysaccharide (equivalent to 3450.8, 6738.9, or 10 597.1 mg/kg bw/day and 3602.1, 7190.1, or 10 690.7 mg/kg bw/day for males and females, respectively) for 28 days. Animals were observed for adverse clinical signs, body weight, feed consumption, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, urinalysis values were recorded, and at the end of the study the rats underwent a full necropsy. Functional Observational Battery (FOB) and Motor Activity (MA) tests were performed on all animals. There were no mortalities, no clinical or ophthalmologic signs, body weight, body weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency, FOB or MA findings associated with the administration of tamarind seed polysaccharide. Initial statistically significant decreases in body weight gain and food consumption resolved after the first week and were considered the result of reduced palatability. There were no adverse changes in hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry or urinalysis parameters in male or female rats considered the result of test substance administration. At necropsy, there were no macroscopic, histopathological findings, estrus cycle, or organ weight changes deemed related to administration of the test substance. Under the conditions of this study and based on the toxicological endpoints evaluated, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for tamarind seed polysaccharide in the diet was the highest concentration tested of 120 000 ppm (equivalent to 10 597 mg/kg bw/day and 10 691 mg/kg bw/day for male and female rats, respectively).

The pathogenic effects of Eimeria praecox and E. acervulina in the chicken

Parasitology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Long
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Eimeria praecox produced less effect on body-weight gain and food consumption than E. acervulina. No deaths occurred and no weight loss followed infection with doses of oocysts up to 10. However, there was a depression of body-weight gain in birds infected with both species and changes in the permeability of the intestine were noted from as early as 3½ h after infection. This suggests that increased intestinal permeability is not the major factor in the greater pathogenicity of E. acervulina compared with E. praecox. Eimeria acervulina produced considerably greater effects on the host as evidenced by mortality, body weight gain and food consumption.I wish to thank Mr B. J. Millard and Mr M. Shirley for technical assistance and Dr B. M. Freeman for help with the statistics in Table 2.

scholarly journals Social Isolation Affects the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (10) ◽  
pp. 4658-4666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Nonogaki ◽  
Kana Nozue ◽  
Yoshitomo Oka
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Kkay Mice

Social isolation is associated with increased risks of mortality and morbidity. In this study, we show that chronic individual housing accelerated body weight gain and adiposity in KK mice but not C57BL6J mice, and fully developed diabetes in KKAy mice. Individually housed KK and KKAy mice increased body weight gain over the initial 2 wk without increased daily average food consumption compared with group-housed animals. The individually housed KK and KKAy mice then gradually increased food consumption for the next 1 wk. The chronic social isolation-induced obesity (SIO) was associated with hyperleptinemia and lower plasma corticosterone and active ghrelin levels but not hyperinsulinemia. Elevated plasma leptin in the SIO suppressed expression of 5-HT2C receptor in white adipose tissue. The SIO was also associated with decreased expression of β3-adrenergic receptors in white adipose tissue and hypothalamic leptin receptor, which might be secondary to the enhanced adiposity. Interestingly, social isolation acutely reduced food consumption and body weight gain compared with group-housed obese db/db mice with leptin receptor deficiency. Social isolation-induced hyperglycemia in KKAy mice was associated with increased expression of hepatic gluconeogenetic genes independent of insulin. These findings suggest that social isolation promotes obesity due to primary decreased energy expenditure and secondary increased food consumption, which are independent of the disturbed leptin signaling, in KK mice, and develops into insulin-independent diabetes associated with increased expression of hepatic gluconeogenetic genes in KKAy mice. Thus, social isolation can be included in the environmental factors that contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Targeted leptin receptor blockade: role of ventral tegmental area and nucleus of the solitary tract leptin receptors in body weight homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Matheny ◽  
K Y E Strehler ◽  
M King ◽  
N Tümer ◽  
P J Scarpace
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

The present investigation examined whether leptin stimulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) has a role in body weight homeostasis independent of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). To this end, recombinant adeno-associated viral techniques were employed to target leptin overexpression or overexpression of a dominant negative leptin mutant (leptin antagonist). Leptin antagonist overexpression in MBH or VTA increased food intake and body weight to similar extents over 14 days in rats. Simultaneous overexpression of leptin in VTA with antagonist in MBH resulted in food intake and body weight gain that were less than with control treatment but greater than with leptin alone in VTA. Notably, leptin overexpression in VTA increased P-STAT3 in MBH along with VTA, and leptin antagonist overexpression in the VTA partially attenuated P-STAT3 levels in MBH. Interestingly, leptin antagonist overexpression elevated body weight gain, but leptin overexpression in the NTS failed to modulate either food intake or body weight despite increased P-STAT3. These data suggest that leptin function in the VTA participates in the chronic regulation of food consumption and body weight in response to stimulation or blockade of VTA leptin receptors. Moreover, one component of VTA-leptin action appears to be independent of the MBH, and another component appears to be related to leptin receptor-mediated P-STAT3 activation in the MBH. Finally, leptin receptors in the NTS are necessary for normal energy homeostasis, but mostly they appear to have a permissive role. Direct leptin activation of NTS slightly increases UCP1 levels, but has little effect on food consumption or body weight.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharin Consumption on Operant Responding for Sugar Reward and Incubation of Sugar Craving in Rats

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Aoyama ◽  
Akane Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Reactivity Test ◽  
Compound Cue

Repeated experience with artificial sweeteners increases food consumption and body weight gain in rats. Saccharin consumption may reduce the conditioned satiety response to sweet-tasting food. Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain sucrose for five days. A compound cue (tone + light) was presented with every sucrose delivery. On the following day, each lever press produced only the compound cue (cue-reactivity test). Subjects were then provided with yogurt for three weeks in their home cages. The rats were divided into two groups. Rats in the saccharin group received yogurt sweetened with saccharin on some days and unsweetened yogurt on others. For the plain group, only unsweetened plain yogurt was provided. Subsequently, the cue-reactivity test was conducted again. On the following day, the rats underwent a consumption test in which each lever press was reinforced with sucrose. Chow consumption and body weight gain were larger in the saccharin group than in the plain group. Lever responses increased from the first to the second cue-reactivity tests (incubation of craving) in both groups. During the consumption test, lever responses were higher in the saccharin group than in the plain group, suggesting that the conditioned satiety response was impaired in the saccharin group.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary bagasse on the activities of some key enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mouse liver

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Stanley ◽  
Eric A. Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Sucrose

1. The effects of a 100 g/kg diet substitution of bagasse on the body-weight gain, food consumption and faecal dry weight of mice given a high-sucrose diet and on the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1. 49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC I. I. I. 44), malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetatedecarboxylating) (NADP+) (EC I. I. I. 40), ATP-citrate (pro-3S) lyase (EC 4. 1. 3.8), 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2. 7. 1. II), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7. 1. 40) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3. 1. 3. II) were studied.2. Bagasse had no effect on body-weight gain, food consumption or faecal dry weight.3. Bagasse decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase expressed on a wet weight basis and on a protein basis.4. Bagasse decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydro-genase expressed on a body-weight basis.5. These results suggest that bagasse decreases the flux through some pathways of hepatic lipogenesis when mice are given high-sucrose diets.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effects of solid or grid cage flooring on the welfare of laboratory rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Manser ◽  
T. H. Morris ◽  
D. M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Preference Testing ◽  
Laboratory Rats

The welfare of laboratory rats housed on either solid or grid floors was investigated in several ways. No differences were found in body weight gain, food consumption or water consumption amongst rats housed in either condition. When handling was standardized between the 2 groups, there was no correlation between flooring and docility. Preference testing revealed that rats chose to dwell on solid floors rather than grids, regardless of previous housing experience. This preference for solid floors was particularly marked (88%) when the animals were resting and much less marked during activity (55.4%). Since the rats were observed to spend 70 to 75% of their time resting, it was concluded that their welfare was likely to be improved by housing them on solid floors.

Influence of Origin or Controlled Feeding On Longevity of Sprague-Dawley Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Knight ◽  
D.S. Barrett ◽  
C.M. Keenan ◽  
J.P. Kimball ◽  
B.H. Eitzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Two-year studies were undertaken in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to assess the effects of origin, group housing, or various feeding regimens on longevity. This report describes results of in-life findings pertaining to body weight gain, food consumption, palpable masses, and preliminary analysis of clinical pathology parameters and necropsy observations. The first study compared ad libitum feeding of SD rats from the following suppliers: Charles River Labs (CRL) International Standard (IS) and Original Standard (OS), Ace Animals, Inc., and Harlan Sprague-Dawley, Inc. The second study assessed individual and group housed ad libitum feeding of Purina Certified Rodent Chow 5002 (20% crude protein), and individually housed controlled feeding of either Purina 5002 or Opti-diet (14% crude protein). The in-life phase of the third study has recently been completed. This study compared controlled (5.5 g Purina 5002 biscuit) to ad libitum (Purina 5002) feeding in CRL IS rats. In the supplier study, survival of male rats was markedly greater for CRL (IS) rats when compared to other groups. Body weight gain and food consumption were greatest in the CRL (OS) rats. Increases in cholesterol, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, and gross renal disease were observed in Harlan and Ace SD rats, while CRL rats had a higher incidence of grossly detectable pituitary masses and foci. In the feeding study, controlled feeding significantly increased the survival rate and decreased body weight gain. Single and group housed SD rats fed ad libitum had decreased T4 and markedly higher cholesterol and triglyceride values, when compared to rats fed controlled diets. Survival of IS rats fed a controlled diet was also notably higher than ad libitum-fed IS rats in the third study.

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