scholarly journals The construction materials and static-structural aspects of the Budello tower (Teulada, southwest Sardinia, Italy)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Columbu ◽  
Gian Matteo F. Picchizzolu ◽  
Antonio Cazzani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Trap Door ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Structural Aspects

The Budello tower is located on a slight promontory from which it dominates the entire bay of Teulada and the towers of Sant’Isidoro, Pixinni, Malfatano and Porto Scudo. The tower, built in 1601 with irregular ashlars of local stones (mainly of magmatic-intrusive origin), has a truncated cone shape, an external diameter of 10,2 m and a height of 11,80 m. Inside it consists of a single room, with a domed vault and a central pillar, equipped with a embrasure, a fireplace, a trap door in the cistern, and a staircase, from which the square of arms was accessed. It was a torre de armas garrisoned by: 1 commander (in 1603), 1 artilleryman and 4 soldiers (1767), 1 artilleryman and 3 soldiers (1801), 1 artilleryman and 4 soldiers (1812). Although it underwent several restorations, documented as early as the years 1617-1619, the tower remained generally in good condition until the period 1763-1784, in which new restoration works were carried out including the closure of the parade ground with a classic parapet with gunboats and battlements. Other restoration works are carried out in 1808, 1819 and 1840. The tower remained in operation until 1843. Like all the other coastal fortifications, it was then definitively demilitarized with the Regio Decreto of 25 April 1867. Specific objectives of the research are the petrographic and physical-mechanical analysis of the stones and ancient mortars used in the construction of the tower, the structural analysis of the building and related geometric-constructive characteristics. The final intention is to understand the decay processes taking place on the tower both in terms of materials and static-structural aspects, and to envisage possible restoration interventions to be implemented aimed at its conservation.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Coverage Percentage on Binor Paiton-Probolinggo Seashore

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Budi Wiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Future Policy

The coral reef damage in Probolinggo region was expected to be caused by several factors. The first one comes from its society that exploits fishery by using cyanide toxin and bomb. The second one goes to the extraction of coral reef, which is used as decoration or construction materials. The other factor is likely caused by the existence of large industry on the seashore, such as Electric Steam Power Plant (PLTU) Paiton and others alike. Related to the development of coral reef ecosystem, availability of an accurate data is crucially needed to support the manner of future policy, so the research of coral reef coverage percentage needs to be conducted continuously. The aim of this research is to collect biological data of coral reef and to identify coral reef coverage percentage in the effort of constructing coral reef condition basic data on Binor, Paiton, and Probolinggo regency seashore. The method used in this research is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. LIT method is a method that used to decide benthic community on coral reef based on percentage growth, and to take note of benthic quantity along transect line. Percentage of living coral coverage in 3 meters depth on this Binor Paiton seashore that may be categorized in a good condition is 57,65%. While the rest are dead coral that is only 1,45%, other life form in 23,2%, and non-life form in 17,7%. A good condition of coral reef is caused by coral reef transplantation on the seashore, so this coral reef is dominated by Acropora Branching. On the other hand, Mortality Index (IM) of coral reef resulted in 24,5%. The result from observation and calculation of coral reef is dominated by Hard Coral in Acropora Branching (ACB) with coral reef coverage percentage of 39%, Coral Massive (CM) with coral reef coverage percentage of 2,85%, Coral Foliose (CF) with coral reef coverage percentage of 1,6%, and Coral Mushroom (CRM) with coral reef coverage percentage of 8,5%. Observation in 10 meters depth resulted in coral reef coverage percentage of 63,33%. 75% of living coral found on this 10 meters depth are dominated by Acropora branching coral, while the rest 25,21% are filled by Acropora tabulate coral and non-Acropora coral in the life form of branching, massive, sub-massive, foliose, and mushroom, where coral Mortality Index (IM) reached 28,5%. The high number of coral reef coverage percentage on Paiton is caused by successful coral transplantation and low activity of society in this location. The domination of large size Acropora branching coral were estimated comes from a few types, showing that coral resulted from transplantation has grown large and form a complex 3 dimension structure that is suitable for the life form of fish and living benthic.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Association of changes of retinal vessels diameter with ocular blood flow in eyes with diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Ueno ◽  
Takeshi Iwase ◽  
Kensuke Goto ◽  
Ryo Tomita ◽  
Eimei Ra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWe investigated morphological changes of retinal arteries to determine their association with the blood flow and systemic variables in type 2 diabetes patients. The patients included 47 non-diabetic retinopathy eyes, 36 mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (M-NPDR) eyes, 22 severe NPDR (S-NPDR) eyes, 32 PDR eyes, and 24 normal eyes as controls. The mean wall to lumen ratio (WLR) measured by adaptive optics camera was significantly higher in the PDR groups than in all of the other groups (all P < 0.001). However, the external diameter of the retinal vessels was not significantly different among the groups. The mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel determined by laser speckle flowgraphy was significantly lower in the PDR group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The WLR was correlated with MBR-vessel (r = − 0.337, P < 0.001), duration of disease (r = 0.191, P = 0.042), stage of DM (r = 0.643, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.166, P < 0.037), and presence of systemic hypertension (r = 0.443, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MBR-vessel (β = − 0.389, P < 0.001), presence of systemic hypertension (β = 0.334, P = 0.001), and LDL (β = 0.199, P = 0.045) were independent factors significantly associated with the WLR. The increased retinal vessel wall thickness led to a narrowing of lumen diameter and a decrease in the blood flow in the PDR group.

scholarly journals Compadrio in rural Brazil: structural analysis of a ritual institution

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-112
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virgin Birth ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Complementary Problems ◽  
The One

This structural analysis focuses on the compadrio system. The empirical background is provided by observation carried out among sertanejo peasants of Bahia in the late 1960s and by the literature on the Latin American and Southern European variants of this institution. It is mainly concerned with two complementary problems. On the one hand, to draw a model that might represent that institution's elementary structure, virtually present in the variants of this system; on the other, to offer an interpretation of its meaning, by contrasting it with elements of the kinship and marriage systems, and taking in consideration the peasants' religious background. This exercise was inspired by Edmund Leach's Rethinking anthropology and his ideas about the Virgin Birth. Analytical perspectives for further research are suggested.

scholarly journals Instruments and Methods High Pressure Coupling for Pipe in Deep Water Filled Bore Holes

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
pp. 809-812
Author(s):  
R. L. Shreve
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
External Water Pressure ◽  
External Water ◽  
One Year ◽  
Aluminum Pipe

AbstractIn August 1961 an aluminum pipe (3.5 cm. internal diameter, 4.2 cm. external diameter) having 92 specially modified socket couplings (5.0 cm. external diameter) sealed with a quick-polymerizing synthetic rubber was sunk 226 m. in a vertical water-filled bore hole in Blue Glacier, Washington. U.S.A. The geometry of threads and mating surfaces of pipe and coupling was designed to cause increasing external water pressure to tighten the seal. One joint at a depth of 66 m. immediately developed an extremely slow leak (probably because of faulty cleaning), but the other 91 joints apparently were sound, as the pipe was free of water to a depth of at least 157 m. when resurveyed after one year.

III.—Further Notes on the Mammals of the Eocene of Egypt

1904 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
The Other

Among the collections now in Cairo I find several new mammals, the remains of which have been collected by Mr. Beadnell, for the most part during the last few months. Brief descriptions of these new forms are now given in order that the names may be included in the lists in Mr. Beadnell's forthcoming report on the geology of the Fayûm area.Pterodon macrognathus, sp. nov.This creodont is known from the nearly complete left ramus of the mandible. The last molar, the first premolar, and the incisors are represented by the alveoli only, but the other teeth, with the exception of the canine, the crown of which is broken off, are in fairly good condition. The mandible is long and narrow from above downwards, the distance between the last tooth and the condyle being remarkably great. The transversely elongated cylindrical condyle is about on a level with the alveolar border, and is separated from the prominent angle by a deep notch; the coronoid region is imperfect.

scholarly journals FOREST IN THE BASHKIRS' VIEW OF THE WORLD

2022 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Абсалямова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются особенности восприятия лесного пространства башкирами. На основе языковых, фольклорных материалов сделана попытка раскрыть различные аспекты взаимоотношений лес - человек, образ леса в картине мира башкир. Как и в большинстве традиционных культур, в целом мифологический образ леса носит отрицательный характер. В фольклоре он часто описывается как тёмный, мрачный, неизвестный, таящий опасности, противопоставляясь обжитому и освоенному пространству селений. Лесной пандемониум также представлен в основном отрицательными персонажами. В целом образ леса в традиционной картине мира башкир предстаёт довольно неоднозначным. С одной стороны - это категория, связанная с потусторонним миром, неизведанная, «чужая» территория. С другой - лес издавна являлся источником различных благ - в виде строительного материала, пушнины, различных продуктов питания, укрывал от врагов. The article analyzes the features of Bashkirs' perception of the forest space. On the basis of the materials of the epos, folklore, folk ideas, an attempt was made to reveal the various aspects of the relationship between forest and man, the image of the forest in Bashkirs' world view. As in most traditional cultures, the mythological image of the forest as a whole is negative. In folklore, it is often described as dark, gloomy, unknown, fraught with danger, being contrasted with the inhabited and developed space of the villages. The forest pandemonium is also represented mainly by negative characters. On the other hand, in the domestic perception forest is valued for the benefits derived from it: shelter, food, protection from enemies. In addition, Bashkirs, distinguished by a developed aesthetic perception and contemplative thinking, appreciated its beauty, which is also reflected in folklore. In general, the image of forest in the Bashkirs' traditional view of the world appears rather ambiguous. On the one hand, it is the category associated with the other world, unknown, «foreign» territory. On the other hand, the forest has long been a source of various benefits - in the form of construction materials, furs, various food products, and it sheltered them from enemies.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI TINGANG NELISE PADA SUKU DAYAK BAHAU BUSANG SUB SUKU LONG GELAAT DI ULU MAHAKAM

JOGED ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Katarina Devung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Structure Approach ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
The Right

Tari Tingang Nelise merupakan tari tradisional yang berkembang di desa Long Tuyoq khususnya Sub Suku Long Gelaat. Tarian ini merupakan tarian rakyat yang dibawakan secara khusus pada saat acara Nemlaai, acara adat anak, pernikahan, dan Dangai. Tari Tingang Nelise terinspirasi dari keseharian burung Enggang yang sedang merapikan bulunya, memperindah serta mempercantik dirinya. Tari Tingang Nelise adalah salah satu tarian yang memiliki banyak variasi dari tarian-tarian Karang Sapeq. Tingang Nelise awalnya dikenal dengan nama Tari Tingang Mate, namun karena itu memberikan makna yang kurang tepat terlebih lagi karena gerakannya lebih tepat disebut dengan Nelise (berhias). Penelitian ini akan mengupas bentuk dan struktur penyajian tari Tingang Nelise dilihat dari tari tradisional yang menggabungkan motif-motif dari setiap gerakan-gerakannya. Dengan pendekatan koreografi dan struktur. Pendekatan koreografi melihat tema, pelaku, gerak, rias busana, properti, musik iringan dilihat dari bentuk tariannya dibawakan sebagai tari hiburan atau rakyat yang tumbuh di kalangan masyarakat. Pendekatan struktur mengupas tari Tingang Nelise dilihat dari analisis struktural dimulai dari unsur gerak, frase gerak, kalimat gerak dan gugus gerak. Tari Tingang Nelise memiliki ciri khas yang terlihat dari motif-motif geraknya. Gerak yang paling dominan adalah kaki dan tangan. Secara struktur tari Tingang Nelise terbagi ke dalam 4 gugus, dan memiliki 7 motif gerak yang khas yaitu motif gerak Ngaset yang melompat ke kanan dan kiri dengan posisi jongkok, Nyebeb, Nyegung, Nyebib, Lemako, Nyelut, dan Nelise. ABSTRACT Tingang Nelise dance is a traditional dance of Dayak community, Long Gelaat tribe in Long Tuyoq village. This dance is a folk dance that is performed specifically at Nemlaai events, children's traditional events, weddings, and Dangai. Tingang Nelise dance is inspired by the daily activities of hornbills that are grooming their feathers and beautifying themselves. Tingang Nelise dance is one of the dances that have many variations of the Karang Sapeq dances, which is the embodiment of Tingang Nelise or the result of a change in name which was originally known as the Tingang Mate Dance, but because it gives less meaning and also because the movement is more accurately called Nelise (decorated). This research will explore the form and structure of the presentation of the Tingang Nelise dance with a choreography and structure approach. The choreography approach looks at themes, dancers, movements, dress and make-up, properties, and music accompaniment. While the structural approach of the Tingang Nelise dance is seen from the structural analysis of dance in the language analysis which analyzes from the smallest movement. Starting from the elements of movement, motives movement, phrases movement, sentences, and group movement. The results of the analysis conclude that the Tingang Nelise Dance has a characteristic that can be seen from the motives of the movement which are dominated by foot and hand movements. Structurally, the Tingang Nelise dance is divided into 4 groups and has 7 characteristic motive movement, namely the Ngaset that jumps to the right and left in a squatting position. The other motives are Nyebeb, Nyegung, Nyebib, Lemako, Nyelut, and Nelise.

scholarly journals Hazards Resulting from the Burning Wood Impregnated with Selected Chemical Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6093
Author(s):  
Anna Rabajczyk ◽  
Maria Zielecka ◽  
Daniel Małozięć
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Wooden Products

In the construction industry, a variety wooden products have been used for thousands of years, according to demand, accessibility/availability, and customers’ requirements. Wood is a preferred material due to its large range of properties, depending on the type of wood. It is an easily available and economically competitive material, and it is also extremely strong in relation to its weight. Therefore, it is used in the production of construction materials, building parts, and finishing components, as well as for furniture and decorative elements. Each of these products is commonly additionally chemically treated in order to improve its performance parameters. However, impregnated wooden products such as furniture and fence boards are often misused, including for house heating, waste incineration, bonfires, etc. For this reason, among the products of combustion, there is a whole range of different chemical compounds, frequently carcinogenic, and dangerous for health and the environment, for example, heavy metals. Knowledge in this field is important for professions, such as: firefighter, lifeguard, people dealing with environmental management, and units responsible for waste landfills. On the other hand, important recipients of this information are ordinary residents who, due to a lack of knowledge, use such materials as e.g., heating material.

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