scholarly journals Methods of sociological diagnostics in the assessment of staff's competencies: a case of a state museum (St. Petersburg, Russia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiia Usiaeva ◽  
Mariia Rubtcova ◽  
Irina Pavlenkova ◽  
Svetlana Petropavlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Mystery Shopper ◽  
Structural Functionalism ◽  
Structured Observation

The study is dedicated to research of methods of sociological diagnostics, which can be used in the assessment of staff's competencies. Theoretical framework of this survey is T. Parson’s structural functionalism, the approach that sees the society as a complex system. The research questions were how we can analyze competencies by using sociological diagnostics and what the features of sociological diagnostics are. In order to achieve the target, it was analyzed the assessment of staff's competencies in the museum complex “The Cathedral”, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Methodology of the research was structured observation, data collected by using “Mystery shopper” method. As a result, it was showed which techniques were applied in the staff’s assessment in this museum. Besides, the researcher discovered the level of museum staff’s competencies and revealed that the least developed employees’ competence was communication with visitors.

A Formal Model for Managing Multiple Observation Data in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watanee Jearanaiwongkul ◽  
Frederic Andres ◽  
Chutiporn Anutariya
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Similarity Function ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Key Characteristics

Nowadays, farmers can search for treatments for their plants using search engines and applications. Most existing works are developed in the form of rule-based question answering platforms. However, an observation could be incorrectly given by the farmer. This work recommends that diseases and treatments must be considered from a set of related observations. Thus, we develop a theoretical framework for systems to manage a farmer's observation data. We investigate and formalize desirable characteristics of such systems. The observation data is attached with a geolocation in which related contextual data is found. The framework is formalized based on algebra, in which required types and functions are identified. Its key characteristics are described by: (1) the defined type called warncons for representing observation data; (2) the similarity function for warncons; and (3) the warncons composition function for composing similar warncons. Finally, we show that the framework helps observation data to become richer and improve advice-finding.

Criticality: How Changes Preserve Stability in Self-Organizing Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1613-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Accard
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
System Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

Self-organizing systems are social systems which are immanently and constantly recreated by agents. In a self-organizing system, agents make changes while preserving stability. If they do not preserve stability, they push the system toward chaos and cannot recreate it. How changes preserve stability is thus a fundamental issue. In current works, changes preserve stability because agents’ ability to make changes is limited by interaction rules and power. However, how agents diffuse the changes throughout the system while preserving its stability has not been addressed in these works. We have addressed this issue by borrowing from a complex system theory neglected thus far in organization theories: self-organized criticality theory. We suggest that self-organizing systems are in critical states: agents have equivalent ability to make changes, and none are able to foresee or control how their changes diffuse throughout the system. Changes, then, diffuse unpredictably – they may diffuse to small or large parts of the system or not at all, and it is this unpredictable diffusion that preserves stability in the system over time. We call our theoretical framework self-organiz ing criticality theory. It presents a new treatment of change and stability and improves the understanding of self-organizing.

Integrating Theories of Working Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-430
Author(s):  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Jason M. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Different Levels

Multiple theories of working memory are described in the chapters of this book and often these theories are viewed as being mutually incompatible, yet each is associated with a supporting body of empirical evidence. This chapter argues that many of these differences reflect different research questions, different levels of explanation, and differences in how participants perform their assigned tasks in different laboratories, rather than fundamental theoretical adversity. It describes a version of a multiple component working memory in which a range of specialized cognitive functions (or mental tools) act in concert, giving the impression, at a different level of explanation, of a unified cognitive system. The chapter argues that more rapid and more substantial scientific progress on the understanding of the concept of working memory would be achieved through identifying the levels of explanation explored within each theoretical framework, and attempting to integrate theoretical frameworks rather than perpetuating debate with no clear resolution in sight.

Introduction: The Battle over Race, Crime, and Gentrification

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jan Doering
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
American City ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Research Questions

The first chapter gives an overview of crime and gentrification in Rogers Park and Uptown. It explains why residents largely regarded efforts to tackle these interconnected problems as mutually exclusive. It also situates the local tensions about crime and gentrification in the broader historical and structural context of racial segregation and integration in the American city. In addition, the chapter introduces the book’s methodological approach, outlines its research questions, and develops its theoretical framework. Regarding the theoretical framework, the chapter introduces two simple concepts, “racial challenges” and “racial neutralizations,” which describe the contentious work of framing social phenomena as racially problematic or racially benign.

Research Commentary: Raising Concerns About Sharing and Reusing Large-Scale Mathematics Classroom Observation Video Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Marsha Ing ◽  
Artineh Samkian
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Mathematics Education Research ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Research Questions

There are great opportunities and challenges to sharing large-scale mathematics classroom observation data. This Research Commentary describes the methodological opportunities and challenges and provides a specific example from a mathematics education research project to illustrate how the research questions and framework drove observational choices, and how these choices might constrain or limit sharing of data for other research purposes.

scholarly journals Early Traces of Materiality and Relevance Principles in Luca Pacioli’s Tractatus XI

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Christian Rainero ◽  
Giuseppe Modarelli ◽  
Alessandro Migliavacca ◽  
Riccardo Coda
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Luca Pacioli ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Information Acceptance

This paper aims to investigate the materiality and relevance principles, as observed from a historical perspective, specifically as shown in the Tractatus XI of Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalità, printed in Venezia in AD 1494 by Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli, a real cornerstone for bookkeeping literature. Materiality and relevance principles are today fundamental to manage information and are discriminating for information acceptance. This research questions about how these principles are present in the Pacioli’ treatise. Seven fragments from the Tractatus, within which traces of relevance and materiality can be found, are extracted and analyzed under the IASB theoretical framework and their historical background. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the principles through a historical approach, that is selected to explore the topic and to argue about the possible causes for which it is possible to find early traces of relevance and materiality in Pacioli's work. Moreover, this research is a contribution to keep the debate open on the need for the participation of the academic world and practitioner, in the standard-setting process, that is currently lacking.

WHAT LESSON OBSERVATION DATA REVEAL ABOUT THE CHANGES IN TEACHING SCIENCE: CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liga Cakane ◽  
◽  
Jelena Volkinsteine ◽  
Dace Namsone ◽  
Ilze France ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Science Teaching And Learning ◽  
Study Lesson ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Lesson Observation

The improvement of teaching quality in Science subjects is closely connected to the implementation of reforms initiated in education policy resolutions in the school practice. It is crucial for teachers to implement the paradigm shift from transmitting information to 21st century learning design. It means to change not only teaching strategies but also their views what teaching is. Lesson observations were the main source to answer the research questions: What do lesson observations reveal about the students’ learning in science lessons according to criteria selected? What information lesson observation gives about teachers’ skills to organize learning according to changes envisaged in education policy resolutions? Key words: case study, lesson observation, science teaching and learning.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Henrice Altink
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Questions

The introduction sets out the main research questions and argument and places the book within the historical and historiographical context. It also reflects on the source material used and the methodology and theoretical framework adopted, and ends with a summary of the chapters.

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